Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields: Mechanisms, Modeling, Biological Effects, Therapeutic Effects, International Standards, Exposure Criteria PDF
Preview Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields: Mechanisms, Modeling, Biological Effects, Therapeutic Effects, International Standards, Exposure Criteria
Peter Stavroulakis (Ed.) Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH ONLINE LIBRARY Engineering http://www.springer.de/engine/ Peter Stavroulakis (Ed.) Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Mechanisms, Modeling, Biological Effects, Therapeutic Effects, International Standards, Exposure Criteria With 280 Figures and 86 Tables , Springer Professor Peter Stavroulakis Technical University ofCrete Roumeliotaki 17 Lentariana, Chania, Crete / Greece E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-07697-8 ISBN 978-3-662-06079-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-06079-7 Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Bbliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbiografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de> This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically therights oftranslation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permis sion for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution act under German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 2003 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by authors Cover-design: Medio, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 62 / 3020 hu -5 4 3 2 I O - Dedication This book is dedicated to my four teenage sons Peter, Steven, Bill and Stelios who by the time I finished this book, were able to understand and forgive me for borrowing so much time from them. Acknowledgement I feel indebted to the contributors of this book whose diligent work made this book possible and my assistants, especially Mr. H. Sandalidis and Dimitra Fragos who worked endless hours helping me to put this material together and in a publishing format. A special thanks is due to the collaborator Mr. D. Panagopoulos, who is also a contributor, who spent countless hours to review the entire manuscript. Finally, I must thank Professor K. Lioliousis from the University of Athens who allowed me to use material from his book in order to present the latest of the International exposure criteria. List of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................... 1 2 Mechanisms of Action of EMFs on Biological Systems 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 4 2.2 Theoretical Considerations for the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Dimitris J. Panagopoulos and Lukas H. Margaritis .........................5 2.3 Weak Time-Varying and Static Magnetic Fields: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications Arthur A. Pilla ......................................................................3 4 2.4 Ion Cyclotron Resonance in Biological Systems: Experimental Evidence A.R. Liboff. ..........................................................................7 6 3 Mathematical Modeling of EMF Energy Absorption in Biological Systems 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................1 14 3.2 Mathematical Modeling Using Experimental and Theoretical Methods in Evaluating Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) P. Gajsek, J.A. D'Andrea, P.A. Mason, J.M. Ziriax, T.J. Walters, and W. D. Hurt ...................................................................1 16 3.3 Numerical Techniques in RF Dosimetry for Mobile Phone Technology F.J. C. Meyer and U. Jakobus ................................................ 171 3.4 A Modeling Approach for Evaluating SAR for Mobile Systems T. Samaras and J. N. Sahalos ...............................................2 38 3.5 Applications of Theoretical Models of Response of Transmission Lines to External EM Fields P. T. Trakadas and C. N. Capsalis ..........................................2 87 4 Field Computations and Measurements 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................3 42 4.2 Measurement and Assessment of Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Office and at Home Environment A. Pantinakis and N. Skamnakis .............................................3 44 4.3 ELF Magnetic Field Produced by the ac Electrification in a Railway Carriage C. Caruso, M. Feliziani, and F. Maradei ..................................3 78 4.4 Magnetic Field Testing of DC- and AC- Powered Rail Systems: Waveforms and Exposure Assessment N.G. Ptitsyna, G. Villoresi, N. lucci, Y.A. Kopytenko .................. .426 VIII List of Contents 5 Biological Effects of EMFs 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 475 5.2 Molecular and Cellular Response to EMF Exposure: A Review of Studies of EMF and the Relationship to Signal Transduction Ann S. Henderson, Kui Nie and Ana Micic-Vasovic. ...................... .477 5.3 Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields M. Blank and R. Goodman ................................................... .494 5.4 Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Immune System Handan Tuncel ...................................................................5 03 5.5 Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Reproductive Capacity of Drosophila Melanogaster Dimitris J. Panagopoulos and Lukas H. Margaritis ..................... 545 5.6 Low Power Density RF-Radiation Effects on Experimental Animal Embryos and Foetuses Th. D. Xenos and IN Magras ................................................5 79 5.7 Effects of 144 MHz RF Electromagnetic Fields on the Blood Parameters and Behavior of Rats Mehmet Ali K6rpmar and Mustafa Tunaya Kalkan ..................... 603 6 Therapeutic Effects of Electromagnetic Fields 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................6 24 6.2 Applications of Therapeutic Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Walter H. Chang, Kyle T. Chang, Jimmy Li. ............................... 626 Appendix A World Health Organization Criteria for EMF Health Risk Assessment Sheila Johnston ............................ " ...............................................7 33 Appendix B Danger Levels of Non Ionizing EMF/Exposure Criteria ........................... 778 List of Contributors Martin Blank Columbia University Department of Physiology 630 West 168th Street New York, NY 10032 USA E-mail: [email protected] C.N. Capsalis National Technical University of Athens Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Information Transmission Systems and Material Technology GR-157 73 Zografou Athens, GREECE Tel: +301-772-3517 +301-772-2319 E-mail: [email protected] C. Caruso University of L'Aquila Dept. of Electrical Engineering Poggio di Roio, 67040 L'Aquila ITALY Walter H. Chang Chung Yuan Christian University Department of Biomedical Engineering 32023 Taiwan REPUBLIC OF CHINA E-mail: [email protected] Kyle T. Chang Chung Yuan Christian University Department of Biomedical Engineering 32023 Taiwan REPUBLIC OF CHINA X List of Contributors J.A. D'Andrea Naval Health Research Center Detachment Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA E-mail: [email protected] Mauro Feliziani Universita' dell'Aquila Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica 67100 Poggio Roio, AQ, ITALY Tel: +39-0862-434421 / +39-06-44585809 Fax: +39-0862-434403/ +39-06-4883235 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P. Gajsek Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Bioeffects Division Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA Reba Goodman Columbia University Department of Pathology 630 West 168th Street New York, NY 10032 USA Ann S. Henderson Hunter College of the City University of New York The Graduate Center of the City University of New York Assoc. Dean, Arts and Sciences Research, Planning and Facilities Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Gene Structure and Function New York 10021 USA Tel: 212-772-5247 E-mail: [email protected]
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