Biological Effects of Alcohol

815 Pages·1980·64.81 MB·English

by  Henri Begleiter (eds.)

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF ALCOHOL
ADV ANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
N. R. DI LUZIO, Tulane University School of Medicine
EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF ALCOHOL
Edited by
Henri Begleiter
Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Biological Research in A1coholism, Zürich, 1978.
Biological effects of alcohol.
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 126)
Includes index.
1. A1cohol - Physiological effect - Congresses. I. Begleiter, Henri. 11. TitIe.
III. Series.
QP80l.A3I62 1978 615'.7828 80-120
ISBN 978-1-4684-3634-1 ISBN 978-1-4684-3632-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-3632-7
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Research
in Alcoholism, held in Zurich, Switzerland, June, 1978
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The disease of alcoholism has long been a major health problem
which affects significant proportions of the populations of various
countries. It is now apparent that legal and moral sanctions have
not provided a sufficient impetus to arrest this rampant problem.
Therefore, it is evident that the approach to this international
health problem must rely on the development of efficacious prevention
and treatment techniques.
If the treatment and prevention of alcoholism is to be based
on the rational assessment of the disease, it is imperative that we
understand the complex determinants of this disease. The elements
that initiate and perpetuate this addictive process must be examined
and elucidated. Because this. disease appears to involve biological,
psychological and sociological factors, the need for multidisciplin
ary research is of the utmost importance. Indeed it is imperative
that research findings obtained in one area or discipline be made
available to researchers in other disciplines.
A better understanding of the factors which contribute to alco
hol-related problems can be achieved by studying the agent that is
essential for the expression of the disease process. This can be
accomplished by examining the acute or chronic effects of that agent
upon a number of biochemical, physiological or behavioral systems.
This international conference was organized to enhance communi
cation among investigators from different disciplines working on dif
ferent aspects of alcohol-related problems and alcoholism. The pro
ceedings of this international symposium represent the most recent
findings in these areas of research. The topics range from biophys
ical processes to complex cognitive processes. It is hoped that
findings from each discip.Line can challenge and stimulate the others.
v
vi PREFACE
Many papers in this publication present new data and novel con
tributionsto the alcoholism literat~re. Indeed the high quality of
the papers are tributes to the dedication and high scientific stan
dards manifested by the outstanding participants. I wish to express
my gratitude to the individuals who chaired the various sessions.
These scientists played a most critical role in the selection of par
ticipants and in the conduct of the symposium. These international
symposia have been going on since 1972 and have always been part of
the meetings sponsored by the International Council of Alcoholism and
Addictions~ Indeed much credit for the existence of these interna
tional symposia must be given to its directors, Archer and Eva
Tongue. Without their support and encouragement these valuable sym
posia would not have been possible.
I am indebted to Peter Cafaro and The Upjohn Company for their
continued interest in the subject matter and their financial assis
tance. Financial assistance was also kindly provided by Plenum Press
of New York.
Henri Beg1eiter
CONTENTS
Section 1
EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES
Chronic Effects of Alcohols on Mouse
Biomembranes • • • • . • . • • • • • 1
D.B. Goldstein, J.H. Chin, J.A. McComb,
and L.M. Parsons
Ethanol-Induced Alteration in Membrane
Phospholipid Composition: Possible
Relationship to Development of
Cellular Tolerance to Ethanol 7
J.M. Littleton, S.J. Grieve,
P.J. Griffiths, and G.R. John
Modification of Dopamine Receptor-Mediated
Processes After Chronic Ethanol
Intoxication: A Possible Mechanism 21
P.L. Hoffman and B. Tabakoff
Chronic Ethanol Intake and Synaptosomal
Glutamate Binding Activity • 43
E.K. Michaelis, M.L. Michaelis,
and W.J. Freed
Calcium Receptor Binding in Synaptic
Membranes of ICR, C57, DBA Mice After
Ethanol Exposure • • • • • • • • • • • 57
D.H. Ross and H.L. Cardenas
Involvement of Lipids in the Action of Ethanol
and Other Anesthetics • • • • • • 65
D.A. Johnson, R. Cooke, and H.H. Loh
vii
CONTENTS
Section 2
ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND ETHANOL
4-Hydroxy-I,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines:
Potential Reaction Products of
Norepinephrine1,2 •••••• 69
J. Red en , W.C. Ripka, K.C. Rice,
and A. Brossi
IN VIVO Formation of Isoquinoline Alkaloids:
Effect of Time and Route of Administra-
tion of Ethanol • • • • • 73
M.G. Hamilton, K. Blum, and M. Hirst
Neuroamine Condensations in Human Subjects 87
M.A. Collins
Examination of the Role of Tetrahydroisoquinoline
Alkaloids in the Mediation of Ethanol
Consumption in Rats 103
Z.W. Brown, Z. Amit, and B. Smith
Half-Lives and Actions of Intracerebrally
Injected Isoquinolines ••••••• 121
C.L. Melchior and R.A. Deitrich
Chemical Sympathectomy Due to Tetrahydroiso
quinolines Derived From Adrenaline • • 131
W. Osswald and I. Azevedo
Monoamine Oxidase and the Enzymes of Ethanol
Metabolism in Rats After Administration
of Tetrahydroisoquinolines • • • • • • • 137
Y.M. Ostrovsky, M.N. Sadovnik,
V.I. Satanovskaya, and M.S. Omelyanchik
Section 3
NEUROCHEMISTRY OF ETHANOL TOLERANCE AND DEPENDENCE
Cyclic AMP and a-Adrenergic Receptors During
the Development of Physical Dependence
on Ethanol in the Rat • • • • 145
R.G. Thurman, T.K. Harden, and K. Winn
CONTENTS ix
Altered Response to Cessation of Nerve Impulse
Flow in Dopamine Neurons After Chronic
Ethanol Administration • . • . • . . . . 157
S. Liljequist and J. Engel
Acute and Chronic Effects of Barbiturates
on Regional Turnover of Acetylcholine
in Brain ••••..•.••.•. 165
A. Nordberg and G. Wahlstrom
Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Tolerance to
Ethanol and Barbiturates • . . . . 181
J.M. Khanna, A.D. Le, H. Kalant, and
A.E. LeBlanc
Strain Differences in the Development of
Acute Tolerance to Ethanol • • . . 197
R.F. Ritzmann and B. Tabakoff
Section 4
MECHANISMS OF PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE ON ETHANOL IN ANIMALS AND CELLS
Physical Dependence on Ethanol: Methodological
Considerations 211
G. Freund
Protracted Brain Dysfunction After Alcohol
Withdrawal in Monkeys . . . . • 231
H. Begleiter, V. DeNoble, and B. Porjesz
The Neural Basis of Ethanol Dependence: Is the
Withdrawal Reaction Mediated by Localized
Changes in Synaptic Excitability? ..•• 251
B.E. Hunter and D.W. Walker
Rat Brain Cyclic AMP Levels and Withdrawal
Behavior Following Treatment With
t-Butanol1 • • . . . . • • • . • • . 271
R.G. Thurman, K. Winn, and B. Urquhart
Effect of Ethanol on Neural Cells Grown in
Culture: Interaction with Plasma Membrane
Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Activity 283
P.J. Syapin, S. Tewari, and E.P. Noble
Reversible Effects on Ethanol on E. coli. 299
L.O. Ingram, B.F. Dickens, and
T.M. Buttke
x CONTENTS
Study of Alcohol Dependence in the Rat . . . . . . . . . . 339
B. Le Bourhis, G. Aufrere, and
D. Choquart
Section 5
ACETALDEHYDE AND ETHANOL
Development of Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde
Dehydrogenase Activities in the Foetal
and Neonatal Rat • . . . . • • • . . . 359
A.A. Horton
Influence of Prolonged Ethanol Intake on the
Levels and Turnover of Alcohol and
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Glutathione 365
C. Guerri and S. Grisolia
Ethanol Effects on Albumin Synthesis 385
M.A. Rothschild, M. Oratz, and
S.S. Schreiber
Hepatotoxicity of Acetaldehyde . . . • . 397
C.S. Lieber, E. Baraona, Y. Matsuda,
M. Salaspuro, Y. Hasumura, and
S. Mat suzaki
Acetaldehyde: A Positive Reinforcer Mediating
Ethanol Consumption •........ 413
Z. Amit, Z.W. Brown, G.E. Rockman,
B. Smith, and S. Amir
Acetaldehyde Levels in Peripheral Venous
Blood and Breath of Human Volunteers 425
A.R. Stowell, K.E. Crow, K.G. Couchman,
and R.D. Batt
Difficulties in Measuring Human Blood
Acetaldehyde Concentrations During
Ethanol Intoxicat ion . . • • . • 439
C.J.P. Eriksson, M.E. Hillbom, and
A.R. Anssi Sovijarvi
Formation of Acetaldehyde From Diethyl
Ether in Man • . • • 453
J. Morland, H. Aune, A. Bessesen,
and H. Renck