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Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields PDF

684 Pages·1985·27.406 MB·English
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Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES Series Editor: Antonino Zichichi European Physical Society Geneva, Switzerland (LIFE SCIENCES) Recent volumes in the series Volume 9 ADVANCES IN NEPHROUROLOGY Edited by M. Pavone-Macaluso and P.H. Smith Volume 10 CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE LUNG Edited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore Volume 11 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY I: Biological Redox Reactions Edited by G. Milazzo and M. Blank Volume 12 SELECTED TOPICS IN PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY Edited by A. Raineri and J. J. Kellermann Volume 13 THE BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN INFANTS Edited by A. Oliverio and M. Zappella Volume 14 DRUGS AND THE LUNG Edited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore Volume 15 AGING AND DRUG THERAPY Edited by G. Barbagallo-Sangiorgi and A. N. Exton-Smith Volume 16 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Present and Future Edited by G. Scarlato and W. B. Matthews Volume 17 SMOKING AND THE LUNG Edited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore Volume 18 TESTICULAR CANCER AND OTHER TUMORS OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT Edited by M. Pavone-Macaluso, P. H. Smith, and M. Bagshaw Volume 19 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND DOSIMETRY OF STATIC AND ELF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Edited by M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson, and A. Rindi A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each neW volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields Edited by M. Grandolfo Superior Institute of Health Rome, Italy S. M. Michaelson The University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York and A. Rindi National Institute of Nuclear Physics Frascati, Italy Plenum Press • New York and London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International School of Radiation Damage and Protection (5th: 1983: Erice, Sicily) Biological effects and dosimetry of static and ELF electromagnetic fields. (Ettore Maiorana international science series. Life sciences; v. 19) "Proceedings of the Fifth Course of the International School of Radiation Damage and Protection of the Ettore Maiorana Centre for Scientific Culture, held in November, 1983, in Erice, Sicily, Italy"-T.p. verso. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Electromagnetism-Physiological effect-Congresses. 2. Radiation dosimetry-Congresses. I. Grandolfo, Martino. II. Michaelson, Sol M. III. Rindi, Alessan dro. IV. Title. V. Series: Ettore Maiorana international science series. Life sciences; 19. QP82.2.E43158 1983 599'.01915 85-6313 ISBN -13: 978-1-4612-9243-2 e-ISBN-J 3: 978-1-46\3-2099-9 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2099-9 Proceedings of the Fifth Course of the International School of Radiation Damage and Protection of the Ettore Maiorana Centre for Scientific Culture, held in November, 1983, in Erice, Sicily, Italy © 1985 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The editors are pleased to present these Proceedings of the V Course of the "International School of Radiation Damage and Pro tection" of the "E. Majorana Centre", held in Erice (Italy) in No vember 1983. The lectures and discussions among leading scientists in various disciplines of physics, engineering, biophysics, cellular biology, physiology and medicine from 11 countries are included in this compilation. In this volume we have attempted to explore all aspects of the interaction of static and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF: 0-300 Hz) electric and magnetic fields with biological tissue, systems and whole organisms; we considered dosimetry and what is known or pre sumed concerning basic interactions, responses from the cellular and molecular level to the whole organism. Discussions of medical appli cations as well as epidemiologic investigations related to high volt age transmission were held with critiques of methodologies used and recommendations for future approaches. Consideration was also given to the necessity and principles of setting protection standards for man and the environment. We believe this is the first attempt to put all this informa tion together into one volume to provide perspective for understand ing the influence of static and ELF electric and magnetic fields on biological systems. We hope our attempts were successful. Martino Grandolfo Sol M. Michaelson Alessandro Rindi v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the Fifth Course of the International School of Radia tion Damage and Protection of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Sci entific Culture directed by Professor A. Zichichi. We are indebted to the Associazione Italiana di Protezione dal le Radiazioni, the Italian Ministry of Public Education. the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research, the Istituto Su periore di Sanita, the Ente Nazionale Energia Elettrica (ENEL), and the Sicilian Regional Government for Sponsoring the Course. We acknowledge with appreciation the cooperation and contribu tions of Dr. Alberto Gabriele and Miss Pinola Savalli of the "E. Majorana" Center in Erice, and of Mrs. Franca Grisanti, and Mr. Gia como Monteleone of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita in Rome. vii CONTENTS Historical Development of the Study of the Effects of ELF Fields .................................. . 1 S. M. Michaelson, M. Grando1fo, and A. Rindi Criteria for Electric, Magnetic or E1ectromaqnetic Fi e1d Bi oeffects Investi gati ons ................ . 15 S. M. Michaelson Physical Description of Exposure to Static and ELF E1 ectromagneti c Fi e 1d s ......................... . 31 M. Grando1fo, and P. Vecchia Natural and Man-Made Environmental Exposures to Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields .......... . 49 M. Grando1fo, and P. Vecchia Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields .. 71 T. S. Tenforde Biological Effects of Stationary Magnetic Fields ..... . 93 T. S. Tenforde Effects of DC Magnetic Fields on Behaviour ........... . 129 J. de Lorge Preliminary Observations: the Effects of a Static Magnetic Field on Chick Embryo Growth .......... . 141 F. Bersani, and Q. Zini Dosimetry for Extremely Low-Frequency Electric Fi e1ds ......................................... . 145 W. T. Kaune, and R. D. Phillips Mathematical Models of Bodies Exposed to ELF Fields and Scaling Criteria ..........•................. 167 R. Brambi 11 a ix Dosimetric Probes and Concept of Dose for Power Frequency Electric Field Exposures................ 183 F. Lattarulo Instrumentation for Measurement of Power Frequency Electromagnetic Fields... ..... ..... ........ .... ... 187 R. Conti Dipole Antenna for ELF EMF Measurements....... .... ...... 211 H. Trzaska Biophysical Principles of the Interaction of ELF Fields with Living Matter: I. Properties and Mechanisms........................................ 221 H. P. Schwan Biophysical Principles of the Interaction of ELF Fields with Living Matter: II. Coupling Considerations and Forces......................... 243 H. P. Schwan Interaction of ELF Electromagnetic Fields with Cell Membrane Receptors................................ 273 M. Grattarola. F. Caratozzolo, and A. Chiabrera Interactions of ELF-Fields with Excitable Tissues....... 295 H. P. Schwan Synchronization of Neural Firing Patterns by Relatively Weak ELF Fields........................ 313 H. Wachtel Effect of Low Frequency Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields on the Response of Human Normal and Leukemic Lymphocytes to Lectins............. ...... 329 R. Cadossi, G. Emilia, and G. Torelli Effects Induced "in vitro" by Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields {E.L.F.} on Blastogen esis of Human Lymphocytes and on Thromboxane B-2-Release by Ionophore-Stimulated Neutrophils... 335 P. Conti, G. E. Gigante, M. G. Cifone, E. Alesse, M. Reale, and P. U. Angeletti Experimental Evidence of Superconducting Properties in Human Ceruloplasmin............. ...... ......... 339 G. Giaquinta, C. Di Mauro, S. Onori, and S. Canni straro x Biological Effects of Electric Fields: an Overview...... 345 L. E. Anderson, and R. D. Phillips The Effect of High Intensity (50-60 Hz) Electric Fields on Animals................................. 379 A. Veicsteinas Physiological Studies of Monkeys in Electric and Magnetic Fields at ELF Frequencies................ 409 J. D. Grissett, and W. G. Lotz Behavioral Studies of Monkeys in Electric and Maqnetic Fields at ELF Frequencies......................... 433 J. de Lorge Effect of ELF Fields on Bone Growth and Fracture Repai r......... .•... .•.....................••....• 441 M. B. Tuerlinckx, and M. Rooze Hinsenkam~, The Electromagnetic Environment and the Circadian Rhythms of Human Subjects......................... 477 R. A. Wever Hematological and Biochemical Effects of ELF Fields in Man - Laboratory Experiments................... 525 R. Hauf Medical Control of Employees in the Electrical Industry Exposed to Low Frequency Electric Fields............................................ 539 J. Cabanes An Epidemiological Investigation of HV Substation Workers: Study Design and Preliminary Results..... 557 A. Checcucci Epidemiologic Studies of Persons Exposed to Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields: A Critical Analysis................................. 571 S. M. Michaelson Epidemiological Studies on Effects of Exposure to ELF Electromagnetic Fields......... •••..•......... 607 B. G. Knave, and S. G. Tornqvist Some Thoughts on the Socio-Political Aspects of Radiation Protection......... .......... ..... ...... 621 B. F. M. Bosnjakovic xi Some Considerations About "Philia" and "Phobia" in Radioprotection................................ 631 A. Checcucci Health Risk Assessment of Static and ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields. .... ........... ... ... ...... ... 635 M. H. Repachol i Standards on Static and ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields and Their Scientific Basis................. 667 M. H. Repacholi Participants............................................ 685 Index................................................... 693 xii

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