This page intentionally left blank http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield ffuuee1177000033__ffmm__ii--xxxxii..iinndddd PPaaggee ii 0099//1122//1100 55::4444 PPMM uusseerr--ff449944 //220088//MMHHSSFF119944//ffuuee1177000033__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007788111177000033//ffuuee1177000033__ppaaggeeffiilleess Biological Anthropology: Concepts and Connections This page intentionally left blank ffuuee1177000033__ffmm__ii--xxxxii..iinndddd PPaaggee iiiiii 0099//1122//1100 55::4444 PPMM uusseerr--ff449944 //220088//MMHHSSFF119944//ffuuee1177000033__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007788111177000033//ffuuee1177000033__ppaaggeeffiilleess Biological Anthropology: Concepts and Connections SECOND EDITION Agustín Fuentes University of Notre Dame TM ffuuee1177000033__ffmm__ii--xxxxii..iinndddd PPaaggee iivv 0099//1122//1100 77::3355 PPMM uusseerr--ff449944 //220088//MMHHSSFF119944//ffuuee1177000033__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007788111177000033//ffuuee1177000033__ppaaggeeffiilleess TM Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this pub- lication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QVR / QVR 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 978-0-07-811700-8 MHID: 0-07-811700-3 Sponsoring Editor: Gina Boedeker Marketing Manager: Patrick Brown Developmental Editor: Craig Leonard Production Editor: Rachel J. Castillo Manuscript Editor: Jan Fehler Design Manager: Cassandra Chu Text Designer: Jenny El-Shamy Cover Designer: Linda Beaupré Photo Research Manager: Brian Pecko Buyer: Tandra Jorgensen Composition: 9/13 ITC Bookman Light, Aptara®, Inc. Printing: 45# New Era Matte Plus, Quad/Graphics Vice President Editorial: Michael Ryan Editorial Director: William R. Glass Director of Development: Nancy Crochiere Cover: Adult footprint from the trail of fossilized hominid footprints discovered in volcanic ash at Laetoli, Tanzania in 1978: © John Reader/Photo Researchers, Inc.; Modern human walking on beach: Steve Mason/Getty Images. Credits: The credits section for this book begins on page 363 and is considered an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fuentes, Agustín. Biological anthropology : concepts and connections / Agustin Fuentes.—2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: / Core concepts in biological anthropology / Agustin Fuentes. c2007. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811700-8 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-811700-3 (alk. paper) 1. Physical anthropology. I. Fuentes, Agustin. Core concepts in biological anthropology. II. Title. GN51.F83 2011 599.9—dc22 2010045902 The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill, and McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. www.mhhe.com ffuuee1177000033__ffmm__ii--xxxxii..iinndddd PPaaggee vv 0099//1122//1100 55::4444 PPMM uusseerr--ff449944 //220088//MMHHSSFF119944//ffuuee1177000033__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007788111177000033//ffuuee1177000033__ppaaggeeffiilleess This book is dedicated to three amazing teachers: my parents, Victor Fuentes and Elizabeth Fuentes, and my graduate men- tor, Phyllis Dolhinow. The book itself is the result of all the students who sat through my lectures, asked questions, and pushed me to really, really think about what we teach and how we teach it. Because of them, I also dedicate this book to all who love the quest for knowledge and ask their teachers and themselves for more. This page intentionally left blank ffuuee1177000033__ffmm__ii--xxxxii..iinndddd PPaaggee vviiii 0099//1122//1100 55::4444 PPMM uusseerr--ff449944 //220088//MMHHSSFF119944//ffuuee1177000033__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007788111177000033//ffuuee1177000033__ppaaggeeffiilleess Brief Contents PREFACE xvi ABOUT THE AUTHOR xxi Introduction 3 Chapter 1 I ntroduction to Evolutionary Fact and Theory 13 Chapter 2 B asics of Human Biology 45 Chapter 3 I ntroduction to Genetics and Genomics 69 Chapter 4 M odern Evolutionary Theory 95 Chapter 5 P rimate Behavioral Ecology 119 Chapter 6 E arly Primate Evolution 161 Chapter 7 E arly Hominin Evolution 189 Chapter 8 P lio-Pleistocene Hominins and the Genus Homo 217 Chapter 9 T he Rise of Modern Humans 257 Chapter 10 H uman Biological Diversity in Context 297 Chapter 11 T he Present and Future of Human Evolution 337 C REDITS 363 G LOSSARY 366 INDEX 370 vii This page intentionally left blank