Biological and biomedical coatings handbook

494 Pages·2011·18.852 MB·English

by  Sam Zhang

BIOLOGICAL
BIOMEDICAL
and
COATINGS
HANDBOOK
Applications
BIOLOGICAL
BIOMEDICAL
and
COATINGS
HANDBOOK
Applications
Edited by
Sam Zhang

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Contents
Series Preface ................................................................................................................................vii
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................ix
Editor................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors .................................................................................................................................xiii
1 Sol–Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Metallic Implants:
Characterization, In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis .............................................................1
Wang Yongsheng
2 Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Biological Applications ..........................................45
Soon-Eng Ong and Sam Zhang
3 Biomedical Applications of Carbon-Based Materials .................................................111
Subbiah Alwarappan, Shree R. Singh, and Ashok Kumar
4 Impedance Spectroscopy on Carbon-Based Materials for Biological
Application ...........................................................................................................................135
Haitao Ye and Shi Su
5 Control of Drug Release from Coatings: Theories and Methodologies .................195
Lei Shang, Sam Zhang, Subbu S. Venkatraman, and Hejun Du
6 Release-Controlled Coatings ...........................................................................................259
James Zhenggui Tang and Nicholas P. Rhodes
7 Orthopedic and Dental Implant Surfaces and Coatings ............................................301
Racquel Z. LeGeros, Paulo G. Coelho, David Holmes, Fred Dimaano, and John P. LeGeros
8 Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Nitride Films for Microfluidic
and Biosensing Applications............................................................................................335
Yong Qing Fu, J. K. Luo, A. J. Flewitt, A. J. Walton, M. P. Y. Desmulliez, and W. I. Milne
9 Medical Applications of Sputter-Deposited Shape Memory Alloy Thin Films ......381
Yong Qing Fu, Wei Min Huang, and Shuichi Miyazaki
10 Bioactive Coatings for Implanted Devices ....................................................................471
Subbu Venkatraman, Xia Yun, Huang Yingying, Debasish Mondal, and Liu Kerh Lin
Index .............................................................................................................................................491
v
Series Preface
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Series Statement
Materials form the foundation of technologies that govern our everyday life, from hous-
ing and household appliances to handheld phones, drug delivery systems, airplanes,
and satellites. Development of new and increasingly tailored materials is key to further
advancing important applications with the potential to dramatically enhance and enrich
our experiences.
The Advances in Materials Science and Engineering series by CRC Press/Taylor &
Francis is designed to help meet new and exciting challenges in Materials Science and
Engineering disciplines. The books and monographs in the series are based on cutting-
edge research and development, and thus are up-to-date with new discoveries, new under-
standing, and new insights in all aspects of materials development, including processing
and characterization and applications in metallurgy, bulk or surface engineering, inter-
faces, thin films, coatings, and composites, just to name a few.
The series aims at delivering an authoritative information source to readers in academia,
research institutes, and industry. The Publisher and its Series Editor are fully aware of
the importance of Materials Science and Engineering as the foundation for many other
disciplines of knowledge. As such, the team is committed to making this series the most
comprehensive and accurate literary source to serve the whole materials world and the
associated fields.
As Series Editor, I’d like to thank all authors and editors of the books in this series for
their noble contributions to the advancement of Materials Science and Engineering and to
the advancement of humankind.
Sam Zhang

vii
Preface
As the clock of history ticks into the twenty-first century, “life sciences” has become one of
the buzzwords of the time. Various nanotechnologies are mobilized to serve this field, the
field of understanding life, the field of prevention of disease and cure, the field of enhanc-
ing quality of life. This two-volume handbook, Biological and Biomedical Coatings, comes at
the right time to help meet these needs.
Volume 1 has nine chapters focusing on process and characterization of biological and
biomedical coatings through sol–gel method, thermal spraying, hydrothermal and physi-
cal or chemical vapor deposition, and so forth. These chapters are “Bone-Like Mineral
and Organically Modified Bone-Like Mineral Coatings,” “Synthesis and Characterization
of Hydroxyapatite Nanocoatings by Sol–Gel Method for Clinical Applications,”
“Hydroxyapatite and Other Biomedical Coatings by Electrophoretic Deposition,” “Thermal
Sprayed Bioceramic Coatings: Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-Based
Composites,” “Nanostructured Titania Coatings for Biological Applications: Fabrication
and Characterization,” “Hydrothermal Crystallization with Microstructural Self-Healing
Effect on Mechanical and Failure Behaviors of Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings,”
“Bioceramic Coating on Titanium by Physical and Chemical Vapor Deposition,” “Coating
of Material Surfaces with Layer-by-Layer Assembled Polyelectrolyte Films,” and “Bioactive
Glass-Based Coatings and Modified Surfaces: Strategies for the Manufacture, Testing, and
Clinical Applications for Regenerative Medicine.”
Volume 2 contains 10 chapters centering on coating applications in the medical field such
as implant and implanted devices, drug release, biosensing, and so forth. These chapters
are “Sol–Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Metallic Implants: Characterization, In
Vitro and In Vivo Analysis,” “Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Biological Applications,”
“Biomedical Applications of Carbon-Based Materials,” “Impedance Spectroscopy
on Carbon-Based Materials,” “Control of Drug Release from Coatings: Theories and
Methodologies,” “Release-Controlled Coatings,” “Orthopedic and Dental Implant Surfaces
and Coatings,” “Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Nitride Films for Microfluidic
and Biosensing Applications,” “Medical Applications of Sputter-Deposited Shape Memory
Alloy Thin Films,” and “Bioactive Coatings for Implanted Devices.”
A striking feature of these handbooks is the consideration of both novice and experts:
the chapters are written in such a way that, for newcomers in the relevant field, the hand-
books serve as an introduction and a stepping stone for them to enter the field with less
confusion, whereas for experts, the books provide up-to-date information through figures,
tables, and images that will assist their research. I sincerely hope this aim is achieved.
The chapter authors come from different regions all over the globe: Australia, China,
France, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
As top researchers in the forefront of their relevant research fields, naturally they all are
very busy. As the editor of these volumes, I am very grateful that they all made a special
effort to ensure timely response and progress of their respective chapters. I am extremely
indebted to many people who accepted my request and acted as reviewers for all the chap-
ters. Since these volumes aim to cater to both novice and experts, the chapters are inevita-
bly lengthy; many were more than 100 pages in the manuscript stage. To ensure the highest
quality, close to 50 reviewers (at least two and sometimes three per chapter) painstakingly
went through the chapters and came out with sincere and frank criticism and modification
ix
x Preface
suggestions that helped make the chapters what they are today. I would like to take this
opportunity to say a big “thank you” to all of them. Last but not least, I would like to reg-
ister my gratitude to many CRC Press staff, especially Ms. Allison Shatkin, Miss Kari A.
Budyk, and Miss Andrea Dale at Taylor & Francis Group for the invaluable assistance they
have rendered to me throughout the entire endeavor, which made the smooth publication
of these volumes a reality.
Sam Zhang
Editor
Sam Zhang Shanyong, better known as Sam
Zhang, received his B. Eng. in Materials in 1982 from
Northeastern University (Shenyang, China), his M.
Eng. in Materials in 1984 from the Central Iron and
Steel Research Institute (Beijing, China), and his
Ph.D. in Ceramics in 1991 from the University of
Wisconsin–Madison (Madison, WI). He has been a
full professor since 2006 at the School of Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore.
Professor Zhang serves as editor-in-chief for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters (United States)
and principal editor for Journal of Materials Research
(United States), among his other editorial involve-
ments in international journals. Much of his career
has been devoted to processing and characterization
of thin films and coatings—from hard coatings to biological coatings and from electronic
thin films to energy films and coatings—for the past almost 20 years. He has authored/
coauthored more than 200 peer-reviewed papers (published in international journals) and
15 book chapters, and guest-edited 11 journal volumes in Surface and Coatings Technology,
Thin Solid Films, etc. Including this handbook, so far he has published seven books: CRC
Handbook of Nanocomposite Films and Coatings: Vol. 1, Nanocomposite Films and Coatings:
Mechanical Properties, Vol. 2, Nanocomposite Films and Coatings: Functional Properties,
Vol. 3, Organic Nanostructured Film Devices and Coatings for Clean Energy, and Advanced
Characterization Techniques (Sam Zhang, Lin Li, Ashok Kumar, CRC Press Taylor & Francis
Group, 2008), Nanocomposite Films and Coatings—Processing, Properties and Performance
(edited by Sam Zhang and Nasar Ali, Imperial College Press, UK, 2007), and this Biological
and Biomedical Coatings Handbook two-volume set (CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group):
Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook: Processing and Characterization (vol. 1) and
Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook: Applications (vol. 2).
Professor Zhang is currently serving as president of the Thin Films Society, and is a fel-
low of the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining (UK); an honorary professor of the
Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; guest professor at Zhejiang
University and Harbin Institute of Technology; and distinguished professor at the Central
Iron and Steel Research Institute. He was featured in the first edition of Who’s Who in
Engineering Singapore (2007), and featured in the 26th and 27th editions of Who’s Who in the
World (2009 and 2010, respectively). Since 1998, he has been frequently invited to deliver
plenary keynote lectures at international conferences including those held in Japan, the
United States, France, Spain, Germany, China, Portugal, New Zealand, Russia, etc. He is
also frequently invited by industries and universities to conduct short courses and work-
shops in Singapore, Malaysia, Portugal, the United States, and China.
Professor Zhang has been actively involved in organizing international conferences: 11
conferences as chairman, 13 conferences as member of the organizing committee, and six
conferences as member of the scientific committee. The “Thin Films” conference series
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xii Editor
(International Conference on Technological Advances of Thin Films & Surface Coatings),
initiated and chaired by Professor Zhang, has grown from its inauguration in 2002 with 70
attendees to 800 strong since 2008. The Thin Films conference series has been a biannual
focus in the field of films and coatings in the world.
Professor Zhang served as consultant to a city government in China and to industrial
organizations in China and Singapore. He also served in numerous research evaluation/
advisory panels in Singapore, Israel, Estonia, China, Brunei, and Japan.
Other details of Professor Zhang’s research and publications are easily accessible at his
personal Web site, http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/msyzhang.
Contributors
Subbiah Alwarappan W. M. Huang
Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Research Center Engineering
University of South Florida Nanyang Technological University
Tampa, Florida Singapore
P. G. Coelho Ashok Kumar
Department of Biomaterials and Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing
Biomimetics Research Center
New York University College of Dentistry University of South Florida
New York, New York Tampa, Florida
M. P. Y. Desmulliez J. P. LeGeros
School of Engineering and Physical Department of Biomaterials and
Sciences Biomimetics
Institute of Integrated Systems New York University College of Dentistry
Heriot-Watt University New York, New York
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
R. Z. LeGeros
F. Dimaano Department of Biomaterials and
Stryker Orthopaedics Biomimetics
Mahwah, New Jersey New York University College of Dentistry
New York, New York
Hejun Du
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Liu Kerh Lin
Engineering School of Materials Science and
Nanyang Technological University Engineering
Singapore Nanyang Technological University
Singapore
A. J. Flewitt

Department of Engineering J. K. Luo
University of Cambridge Centre for Material Research and Innovation
Cambridge, United Kingdom University of Bolton
Bolton, United Kingdom
Yong Qing Fu
Thin Film Centre W. I. Milne
University of the West of Scotland Department of Engineering
Paisley, United Kingdom University of Cambridge
Cambridge, United Kingdom
D. Holmes
Department of Biomaterials and S. Miyazaki
Biomimetics Institute of Materials Science
New York University College of Dentistry University of Tsukuba
New York, New York Tsukuba, Japan
xiii