Biologia come ideologia: la dottrina del DNA

103 Pages·1993·3.305 MB·Italian

by  Richard C. Lewontin

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Biolioac omied eoilao
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© 1993 BollaBtoir ingheidietroirs e. r.Tlo.r,i ncoo,r sVoi ttoErmiaon ue8l6e
Id iridtimt eim orizzaezlieotnter odniri icpar,o duzedi ioa ndea ttamteonttaol e
o parzicaolnqe u alsmieazszi(o c ompriem siic rofei llemc opifeo tostatiche)
sonroi servati
StampaitnoI taldiaal NlUaO VA OFLITO diM appan(oT o)
CL 61-9753-1 ISBN 883-3-90973-7
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© 1991R ichaCr.dL ewontei Cna nadiBarno adcasCtoirnpgo ration
TraduzidoinB ea rbaCroan tinenza
Schemgar afidceol cloap ertdiiPn iae rlCueirgrii
Indice
Prefazione
VII
Bioglioac omied egoilao
I I. Un ragionesvcoeltet icismo
I7 2. Tuttnoe ig eni?
JB 3. Lec ausee lio reof fetti
57 4. Neil ibdriit estsoir acconcth.ae. .
77 5· Las cienczoam ea ziosnoec iale
Prfaezione
Duragnrtapena rdteels ltraoi dae lclual toucrcnai tdlaee
lep rinlcii pfdaoenlctloias cipeonpzoalc airrlecas a o cietà
sonsott ael at radiezl iaCo hineecs rai stAinacnhraei.v olu­
zionsaorclicii o amgeli id eodleolRgliiav oluazmieorniec ana
hanfnaot atpop eallldloia v pirnoav vipdeegrni zuiasc tairfe
lel oirdoe peol it.iN cehnleo sstercoo tluot,tl aasv oicai,e tà
occidèed nietvnaltseae tmapp rileùa ierc aaz iiosnetf aaol nti
prinacldiie pltleao sroiacalis eo ndovi entgalitini lt lteetluia
dip reosfsigolnsiec i,ie angtzliei,c oniosmitt ie,o rdieclila
poliet fiiic laoc shloeaf vio sroapnroa ntetluultneti sovi e.tr à
Quesitnlite etlltsiuo ancoo anpsevdoeplloi r teec hhea nno
dip laslmaoprien ipounbiebc elas onaolc loas traincteer ca
dim odpie pru bibclizlzepa rroepi rdieLeei' .t ceorr rèe nte
quedlil o ragguinufana gcceierlbleere ipteqàru alocnhnei ­
compreenp siiuvtats oepsmltiiosc t«icscoapt e»asr usle greto
de'lelsisutmeansnzoaac eip aslieac T.hu itcèts oe sods eon aro
og e.nU intae osreimap elc ilcaems oacr hosep ieogghnciio sa
has uccdeiss tsmaop ar,a dicooft,oe nlieveides dioivrtoi ale
ec hiunaqbubuein aqa u alacuhteo arcictaàda eu,mn isoict le
appedneac eenu tneia d esaep mliecdee f fipcuaròci eu scire
facilamr eangtgei ulon'pgienripeou nbeb lica.
D'altpraar steie ml,e asgsgcioon sniessltot ese ncehree
lec osseoo nc ompsleie,ns ceedr itseo rdec ihnneao tne esi­
storneog oof loer szeepm liicngi r addiso p ieigplaa rses ato
ed ip reveidfleu rtedu erlelo's isutmean,nzl aaep robbiialtà
dir iusacf iarrceli or csoolnadore ec isammiennoAtrfeif .e r-
VIII PREAFZIONE
mazieoqnuiili bsrualctloeam pslseidteàllv ai ets au lnloas tra
ignorcainrlzceaa c sauudese et ermninoafnna tnnsiop ettacolo.
Esisftoer tunautnatamr eandtnieeiz ,nic o urii entrano
autorevloeMl amsseenLyte ecr teucsh,ge a ranutnisase cdee
pubbdliid ciaabt tpietorop insiuomlno in dpoic ùo mepslse
em ensop eatcto.lM aihr aip ertlaunstaiotne ofg atotlot re­
modpoi acreirceel vi'enrvaeit teon epreier1l, 9 90a,l ClBaC
[CanaBdrioaand cCaosrtpionrgla eMt aisosne]y, cLhecet ures
sonaolo lr'igdiiqn uees ltiob .Qr uoell'viintmoih ao fferto
unoac caspieorn ec ontlro'opbiantistoeencreoec n udlioa
scieènf zaatd tiva e rsietpmàl ieco ib ietetc hisevo els oe
prestaecsroelmatoibo i olsopagrie tmou tqtuoec lhc e' dèa
spaerseule l'sistuemnaznaa .
Lar etorisccai aed,sneo rzlpaltat quutatnèods oci rttè a,
moldtiovs eadr alolred infaorrdimiece o municeadzè i one,
stapteor tparanttioc olcaormmipeclnamtteeot taep ruen to
unsae rdiice o nferraednoinzoiefc chhefe o srsoae ccbeislsii
ada scolntoasntp oerlcsiiit. Cai if up oliu' ltedriicfoofrliet à
dip resaerinenmt odvoi vaqcuseet ceo nfearu ennp zueb ­
blircaod iofeoc nhdieuc noq nuoesn vi e d.Se eh o assolto
cosnu cscsieoml i coo mpliodt eova olc lrei tdiJiciEhliels en
delCBlCa,c hmei h as piani tnots eirsea t frionvioartl eo no
guis.tS oenizslau l oa veoi rslou i on coraggliea mceonntfoe ­
renszraee bbsetraout nfe a lleinm.t o
Nelt rsaforlmceao rnef eirnqe unezlseit oboh,r o r esistito
altleaan ztionrei cdaid erree tnoferolirlcmaaa lper od­ella
duziionnltelte etluesa cirteth aoi nveccoen seirtlve asttoo
rdaioifcoqonu aisnia lot.Cei rcòao tmpoirnteav itabilmente
uncae rta diesm caonrcsadinicvz hiarit eaàz ezd ae vmoo l­
tissaSi hmaoOu ank lpeeayrv reirv eildt uetscoto uonn t occo
leggeep rroe ccihsleooh am olmtiogo lriato.
Vogilinof riinneg rRaazcihNaearlsep c ear m ollevt eer sioni
delcloen feerd eentlze esd tano a setb rriu ctotpeili eleg gibili.
Sendzila eq iue sltaov noorsnoa regbibuean c toom pitmoe.n
RICHARCD. L EWONTIN
CambridMgaes,s achus1e6lt utgsl 1i9o19
Biologcioam ei deloogia
I.
Unr agionsectveiotclies mo
Las cieèun nzaat iitsuszoicoinaecl uaeil esguugn giara a n
quandtimi atilàn taenscith,re ca o lcohrneoe f anpnaor .t e
Nopie nsicahlmeaso c iesnizaa i tusintau zuinio nnsei,e me
dim etoddipi e,r s,uo nng eracno rdpico o noscchecenh ziea ­
miamsoc ientcihefesi ssciahia enq , u almcohdeo ddiaslltei nta
forczhere e gollnaao nsovt irdtaita u tigt iio erc nhige o ver­
nanlosa ttruudrteal nloas storecati Pàe.n sicahlmesao c ienza
sioabe itvtaiE.s scaih am esasd oi sposoigznsiioo rndteia
cosbeu o.nH eaa umteanetnoo rmemleapn rtoed uzdiio ne
ci.bH oaa ccrelsacd iuurtamote ad ia vdiedtlaali a 4 5s oli
anndie' lnilizdieosl e csoclooar gsololi t 7r0ne e pia ersiic ­
chcio mqeu edlel'limAl eridceNalo rCdi.h ap ortsautlol a
luneca hi am esisnco o ndidzivi eodneeqr ueec lhs eu ccede
nemlo ndsotn adocseendeau c taisn aos tra.
Nellsot etsespmool ,sa c iaec,no zmea lltaert et ipvriot­à
dutvte,c iomleoS taltfaoa ,m ilgosl piroatè,u, n at iitsuzione
scoiacloepm letamienntteega rl'nalitteard neols lrtau ttura
dit utltene o seat lrtirsuetz iitsoonicle iid aae sisnef luen­
zatIpa r.o bldeicm usiioi c culpasa c iael,nei z deee scshae
usa ipnedraq guaerpsert oib laedmdii,ri ic totsuirdradi estutli­
tastcii entpirfoivcein dgcalohil'neno d asgciineean s,to infoi c
tutti profondadmape rnetdei sipndofeslriuizevinaoznnatiti i
dalsloac iienct uvàii vi.aD mooptou tgtlosi,c i ennzoina ti
sotnla fii dna 'lnilizdieoll loavr io tmaas, o neosr sise oclii a
calnaetlfila am ai,gnel liSltoa nteols,lt ar uptortduurtat iva,
ev edolnano a taurtvate rrausnola e nctheèes taftogagi ata
dallloare os persioeacnl.ize a
2 CAPITOLPOR IMO
Oltarq eu esltiovp eelrlsolo edn ipa eerzcionsec,i elnaz a
èm odlealdtaall sao cipeotiàcè hu éna 'tvtiitpàr otdiuvta
umancahr ei chtieepmdoee d enaerd ou nqèug eu idea ta
diertdtaa qufeolrclzheee mnoenlde os earncioicl to notlrlo
sudle rnoaes utle pmoL.as cieunsmzaea r ecf iap ardteel
procdeips rsood udzeilomlneeer. Lc ais cienizdlae nu.as rao
Lag enstgieu adadgavn iav ecorlnea s cieen,dz ica o nse­
guenzlafe,o rszoec eidea clio nomdiocmhienn aenllstaoi c ietà
determiinln aarnmgoia s ucricaòh leas ciefnaezc ao mleo
fa. Inoltrhea,n ilnqp ouo etsdetiare pe p froorpdzr'deiei aer si
provendiaelsnlctaii ep nazrat icoaldaaratmlteclenoa tn es er­
vazieoa nlepl ear durparnotsepd eerlsilttetrà u urtseo clii a
dic usio npoa r.It nqe uemsotdoao l tirset itsuozcieiosaneliri ­
cituanna'oz ioanl'nleit erdneols lcai esniizanra e lazai one
cicòh vei efnaets tiaoalm odionc uvii epneen seaa tsos u­
mondoa lslcai ecnozntacte eii d ee chea lp oorio vsaonsntoe ­
gnloe tgtiidmoalenfe a cenadpoplaecr oimrneea tlu.iÈr a a
quesdtuopl pircoec -edsaus nopa a r,lt 'efuilennezi acl o n­
trloosl oaclsiiuc icòh gel sic ienfzaineand toii c oen,doa l-
1a'l atl,ru' sdoiq ueclhg el sic ienfzaineand toii c oaun lot e­
riosrsoet edgenloil suetz iitdoenlisl oac i-cehtceàis r ii fe­
risqcuea nsdpioa rdlisa c iecnozmiaed egoi.la o
Las ciesnvzoadl ugfeeu nz.i opInrnii mo ,cl iou fofgroe
nùomvoid diim ainpoliamlro en dmoa telrepi raoducendo
uni nsideitm eec n,ip crhaeteii cnhvee ngzriaoaznliqileu e a li
si uaicsqisccoosnneuo oc vhece a mbilaqanu oa ldietlvàli at a.
Soonq uegsliat sip deetltslica i eacn uzsiaai p pellgalisn coi en­
zitaqiu ancdeor cdaign aor anftiinrasniz idaagmioe vnetrin i
oq uancdoom pasiuolpnlroei p mgaei ndeeg ii orpneacrlo il ­
tivpaurbeb lrieclhaez isocnoidp imoa a lnlteoeril nel oro suc­
ces.Cs ico apsipteads ils eog gceh«reale s cienszcao ph»e ar to
qucaolseia n, molotcicsassqiiumoeenns oitt ei szoinaeor ric­
chidtaue l tecroimoemrn.it b iIi olhoagnsinc oo p«erprotvoe »
cirigc eanc ih« eun g ioprnoot r»ac nonnodua«r nuraep os­
sib»ic luerdaec la n.cA rnochseeil oro reescocceosnstiiv a­
menottemt iisctigi eneruancn eorc tion i,s nmèoo ndimeno
vercohge lis ciecnazmibaiteaifn foe ttiinvloa msmetonrdtooe
dir apporctoianmlr o cnid moae tri.a le