ebook img

Biogeographical and ecological description of the Odonata of eastern Vasyugan Plain, West Siberia, Russia PDF

2010·2.3 MB·English
by  BernardR
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Biogeographical and ecological description of the Odonata of eastern Vasyugan Plain, West Siberia, Russia

Odonatologica39(I):1-28 March I.2010 Biogeographicalandecological description of theOdonataof easternVasyuganPlain, West Siberia, Russia R. Bernard¹andO.E.Kosterin² 1DepartmentofGeneral Zoology,Adam MickiewiczUniversity, Umultowska89, PO-61-614 Poznan,Poland; - [email protected] 2Institute ofCytologyand Genetics,Siberian Division, RussianAcademyofSciences, Academician LavrentevAvenue 10,RUS-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; — [email protected] Received January2,2008/ReviewedandAcceptedAugust11,2008 Resultsofthestudies ofodonate fauna,carried outin July2006in theodonato- logicallyalmostunexploredVasyuganPlain,arepresented.The studiesconcentrat- edinthenorthern and northeastern parts ofthe largestbogin theworld,theVasy- ugan Bog, and itssurroundings.Large primeval complexesofSphagnumbogsand fensandotheraccompanyinghabitats,man-made aswell,werestudied.25localities arebrieflydescribed and theoccurrenceof35recorded spp. iscommented. Due to almost total absence oftypicallyEast Palaearcticspp. (onlyShaogomphuspostocu- larisfound),theaspect oftheodon. faunainthestudiedareaissimilar toacertain degreetothatknown fromcentral and eastern Europe,but with somedifferences in the species composition,abundance ofmany spp. and their habitat preferences. InCoenagrionpuella,C.pulchellum,Enallagmarisi, Nehalennia speciosa,Gomphus vulgatissimus, Shaogomphuspostocularis,Somatochloraflavomaculata,Leucorrhinia albifrons, and L.pectoralis, thenorthern limit oftheir distribution appears further N than it waspreviously known. This suggeststhat theactual northern rangelimit ofsomeofthesespeciesinWSiberia doesnot descendassharplytotheSasitwas expected.The firstknown site ofS.postocularisWofthe Ob’riverandonaperfect plainisalsoworthnoticing.Amongthemostremarkable discoverieswastheregular, area-wide occurrenceofseveralpreviously poorlyknown inSiberia spp.,such asN. speciosa, Aeshnasubarctica, G. vulgatissimus and S.flavomaculata. Taxonomically interestingisthecoexistence,inthestudiedareabut notatthesamelocalities,oftwo taxa considered assubspeciesorseparatespecies,E. c.cyathigerumand E.(c.?) risi. The factofclearspatialseparationand atmost aminimum degreeofintergrading (ifany)ofthese2taxasuggeststheir fullspeciesstatuswhichwould agreewith mor- phologicalandrecent moleculardata. Theregularand notrarepresence of2 andro- chrome Calopteryxsplendens 9formsand d6 with the wingscoloured tothetips, aswellasthe occurrenceofbrownish wing‘smoking’ofmany 9 S. flavomaculata andS.arcticaarepeculiarfeaturesofthe Vasyuganodon. aspect.The 6 segregation 2 R.Bernard& O.E. Kosterin inthe ‘triangle’ofpeatbogaeshnids,Aeshnacrenata,A. junceaandA.subarctica,IS describedand discussed.BetweenA.junceaandA.subarctica itwasvery advanced, partiallyspatialandpartiallyweather/temporal,betweenA. crenataandA.subarctica almostcomplete, spatial,and between A.crenataand A.junceaadvanced, weather/ temporal.These observationsconfirm thedominant positionofA.crenataoverthe watertable,andalso suggestthe lackofcrenata-dominance offthewatertable.The reliabilityofadult diagnosticfeatures,more andless commonlyused to distinguish between A.subarcticaand A.juncea,isdiscussed. INTRODUCTION Theknowledge ofecology, biology,geneticsandthecurrent stateofNehalennia speciosa inEurope isalreadyfairlyadvanced(BERNARD &WILDERMUTH, 2005a,2005b; BERNARD & SCHMITT,2007). On the contrary, still very lit- tleisknownonN.speciosa inWesternSiberiawhereitsrecordswereremarkably scarce (BELYSHEV, 1973; ZAIKA, 1974; KOSTERIN, 1987; KOSTERIN et al., 2001; BERNARD & WILDERMUTH,2005a) though theoretically, con- sidering anincomparably weaker humanimpact, theconservation statusofthe species thereshould be much more favourable than in Europe. To collect sam- ples of N.speciosa forDNA studiesand to complement the knowledge of the species with West Siberian data, an expedition to the odonatologically almost unexplored Vasyugan Plainwas organized. Thechoiceofthe areawas dictated bythefactthattheVasyugan Plain, extremely abounding inboggy habitatswith Carexlimosa,seemedtobe very appropriate for thespecies. Ananalysis ofthe literature(BELYSHEV, 1973) suggested thatdragonflies of boggy landscapes of WestSiberian Lowland had beenstudied only to a small extent sofar.Therefore, thesecond, parallel aimofthisexpedition was to study, inallpossible aspects, the ©donatefaunaoftheareapredominated by primeval largecomplexes ofSphagnum bogs and fens. Thearticlepresents resultsofthe studiescarriedoutin thelargest bog intheworldandotheraccompanying habi- tats intheVasyugan Plain. THEREGIONSTUDIED TheWest Siberian Lowland and theAmazon Lowland arethe largest lowlands in the world. A greatpartoftheformer, which iswithinthetaigazone,issubstantiallyboggy,and thetotalareaoc- cupiedbybogshasincreased ataspeedof0.8km-ayear.Thelargestbogintheworld,theVasyugan Bog(53000 km2),occupiesapartoftheWestSiberian Lowland - theveryslightlyelevatedand flat VasyuganPlain situated betweentheriversofIrtysh andOb’.Itextendsfor 500km fromtheWNW (approx58°N,75°E)totheSSE(approx55°30’N, 83°E)asastrip 75-175km wide. Itembracesabout 800000lakes accumulatingin total400km-’ ofwaterand isdrained bytheriversoftheTara,Om’, Vasyugan,Parabel’,Chayaandtheir tributaries.Administratively,thisareaisdividedalongitsmain axis betweenthe Tomsk(N) and Novosibirsk (S)provinces, with thewesternpartbelongingtothe Omskprovince. Thismostlypeat-mossbogisnotcontinuous:it hasafairlynarrowaxis ofsublatitu- dinalorientation andside branches whichlike spursprotrudenorthandsouth fromtheaxis. During Odonate faunaofeasternVasyuganPlain, Russia 3 ourexpedition,weexploredthe twonortheasternmost ‘spurs’ ofthebog,called Bakcharskoe and IksinskoeBogs, andthe SambusskoeBogincluded inanorthern spur. The elevations ofthe VasyuganPlain descendfrom 160to 100m a.s. 1. from S toN and NE (MESHCHERYAKOV, 1962).The surfaceoftheinterfluvesisflat,with numerousshallow depres- sions ofthermocarstand suffosionorigin.Thereliefisveryshallow andonlyneartherivers(suchas theShegarka,Iksa, Bakchar)erosionvalleysofsmallwaterflowsareexpressed.Thesoils areformed fromsubaerial loess-like sedimentswhich cover, with alayer5-40mthick,theclaysand clayeysedi- ments oflakeorigin.Hydromorphicsoilsplay agreatrolein thearea,withavariableexpressionofa relichumushorizon formedinmeadow carbonatesoilsduringtheclimaticoptimumoftheHolocene (LAPSHINAetal.,2000).Thepeatbogscoveringalargepart oftheVasyuganPlain arenotcon- nectedwith groundwater and areformed duetotheprevalenceofprecipitation overevaporation inconditions ofanegligiblewateroutflux onalmostperfectlyflatland surfaces (SOROKINetal., 1999).Thegrowthofthepeatlayer ledtotheformation ofaninvertedrelief,wheretheformerridges ofmineralground,bearingforestislands,appearedsurroundedby risingpeat-mossbogs.Atlastthey becamerelief depressionswithopenSphagnumbogsandfenslocallycalled‘galya’.Inthesebogs,the waterusuallyflowsthroughthe vegetationandpeat withquiteaconsiderable speed(upto20cm/h). Thesemiresformsourcesofbrooks providing outfluxofthebogwatersinto rivers(LAPSHINAet al.,2000). Accordingtoreconstructions reviewed inLAPSHINAetal.(2000),thebogsofthatareaappeared firstattheendoftheAtlanticperiodandthebeginningoftheSubboreal time:atplaceswitha3.6-3.8 mthickpeatlayer, 5200-5500 yearsago;inmostareas,witha2.5-3mthickpeatlayer, 3000-3500 years ago.Atfirsttheywererepresentedby swampswithEquisetum,whichoccupiedthe depressions.Very soontheyextendedbeyonddepressions,mergedandoccupiedinterfluves,leavingburiedrelicmead- owsoils. Atthattimethebogschangedtoeutrophicswampbiocenoses with domination ofCarex, which existedforalongtime,leaving 1-1.8mofpeat.Theimpoverishment ofmineral feedingand anincreasein precipitationtransformedthem intomesotrophicScheuchzeria-Carex,Scheuchzeria- Carex-Sphagnumand Carex-Eriophorum-Sphagnumassociations. Atthecrucial momentofdevel- opmentthebogsenlargedsothatwateroutfluxalongtheslopesofthewatershedsbegan.This ledto the mesotrophicboggingofdark-coniferous andmixedforestonthegentleslopes oftheVasyugan Plain,whilethe watershedbogspassed intotheoligotrophicstage ofdevelopment(whichhas per- sisted untilnow).This occurred attheborder-timebetween the Subboreal and Subatlanticperiods, between 2000 and 2200yearsago.Atthat time overmoistedSphagnumand Eriophorum-Sphagnum bogsand pine-S'phagnumassociationsappeared.1500-1000 years agothefruticulose-pinepeat-moss complexes(locallycalled‘ryam’)spreadand becamedominating.InRussian literaturethese Sphag- numand pineformationsarecalledridge-openbog/fen(‘gryadovo-topyanye’),ridge-lake-openbog/ fen(‘gryadovo-ozerkovo-topyanye’)and ridge-openquakingbog(‘gryadovo-mochazhinnye’)com- plexes.IntheseRussiantermsthe“ridges”correspondtopatches(withlowpine)onlyslightlyelevated abovepeat-mossopenbog. Out ofthestudied bogs,precisestructural andclimaticdatahave been availableonlyforthe Bak- charskoeBog;size 10-25 x 150km, peatdepth2.6-3 m,waterpH 3.5-5(LAPSHINAetal.,2000), meanannual precipitation 420 mm (7mm in June), meansnowcover90mm, average humidityin thewarmseason30-40% inthedaytimeand 100%atnight(SOROKINetal., 1999).In 1986,some irrigationwasstartedwith theaim ofpeat digging,but itwasnotsuccessfulandleftonlyamarginal systemofditches. There arealso fairlynumeroussecondaryaquatichabitatsin theVasyuganPlain. Theyarerep- resentedby various,mostlysmall man-made waterbodies (pools andpondsonmineral substrate), situatedinrare villagesand alongroads andtracks, andbyfire-fightingpools,irrigation ditchesand canalsin peatyareas. 4 R.Bernard &O.E.Kosterin LOCALITIES Thelocalities togetherwith datesofvisits and briefdescriptionsofhabitatsarepresentedbelow; (1) SambusskoeBog, 1 km SoftheroadKyonga- Kedrovyi,56km EofKedrovyi, 57°36’42”N, 80°32’21” E;20July;asmall lake surrounded by theopen Sphagnumbog(few dozens meters broad)andfurtherby thevastpeatbogovergrownwith densestandsoflow pines Pinussylves- tris;thewide transition mire zonearoundtheopenwatertableveryflexible andalmostimpen- etrable(inaccessibleplacesthedepthofwater 15-40cm),with thevegetationtypicalofoligo- trophicconditions: Sphagnumsp., abundant Carexlimosa and Scheuchzeriapalustriswith the admixture ofRhynchosporaalba,andverynumerousDroseraanglica;nymphaeidsrepresented by fairlyabundant Nupharpumila. (2) Next tothebridgeacrossthe Emelich Riverontheroad Kyonga- Kedrovyi, 11.5km W of Kyonga, 57°29’06”N, 80°51’41”E;20 July. (3) TheroadfromVysokii YartoParbig, 15kmNEofParbig,57°17’48” N, 81°34’46” E;20July. (4) Bakchar town, theGalka River (bridgeon theroad to Bogatyrevkaupto 1.3km S ofit), 57°0T44”-02’25” N,82°03’20”-04’04” E; 19July;thesmallriver(12-17m broad)withthe very slow current(fasteronly locallyincorridors between vegetation)bringingbrown turbid warm waters,depthupto2m,muddydeposits,vegetationlocallyabundant:predominatingSparganium emersum(partlywithfloatingleaves), alsoButomusumbellatus,Carexacuta, Phalarisarundina- cea,Glyceria sp„ Sagittariasagittifolia, Callitriche verna,manydeadtree trunksand branches in thewater;surrounded partlybya sprucetaiga,with aspensontheedge and willows onthe riverbanks, andpartlyby openareas(withherbaceous vegetationand bushes)stretchingfrom thetown. Fig. 1.Situation ofstudiedlocalities: (A) intheinvestigatedarea;- (B)intheenvironsofPlotnikovo. Numbers correspondtothelocalitynumbers giveninthe text. OdonatefaunaofeasternVasyuganPlain,Russia 5 (5) Bakchar,nearthebridgeontheGalka River, 57°02’22”N, 82°04’04” E;19 July;aman-made smallpoolsituatedinopenareas,bounded withhighherbaceousvegetationand Carexrostrata, veryabundantsubmergedandfloatingvegetation:Lemnatrisulca,Spirodelapolyrrhiza,Hydro- charismorsus-ranae. (6) Bakchar,in the centreofthe town, 57°0r22” N, 82°03’52” E; 19 July; aman-made largeeu- trophicpondwithaclearwater, withoutshorevegetationbutwitha5-15mbroadzoneofvery abundant submergedand floatingvegetation; mostlyCeratophyllumdemersumand Spirodela polyrrhiza,additionallyLemna trisulcaand Hydrocharismorsus-ranae. (7) Bakcharskoe Bog, 14kmW-WSWofPlotnikovo,4.5km Softheroad toBakchar, 56°5ri7” N, 82°51’Ol”E; 13July;areasaround theecologists’shut- asub-marginalzoneofthe large complexofSphagnumbogs andfens; ‘dwarfforests’oflowpines Pinussylvestris, dense shrub- bery ofChamaedaphnecalyculata, Betula nana, locallyLedumpalustre, Andromedapolifolia, Rubuschamaemorus;old drainageditches;avastopenpoorfen(mainlyCarexlasiocarpawith anadmixture ofEquisetumlimosum)sosuffusedwith waterthatimpenetrable,inthesummer thewateronlylocally emergesabovemosses, but inthespringitcertainlyoccursinlargequan- titiesonthesurface;afire-fightingpoolwithdark waterand locallysedgesonthebanks. (8) BakcharskoeBog, 14kmSWofPlotnikovo,9kmSoftheroad toBakchar.56°48’44”N,82°51’18” E; 13July;oligotrophicpools(inthegiantcomplexofpeat bogsand fens),surrounded byan open Sphagnumbogmostlywith Rhynchosporetumalbae (Rhynchosporaalba,Carexlimosa. Droseraanglica,locallyChamaedaphnecalyculata)andridgesofverylow pinesPinussylvestris; observations mainlyin azoneofapartlyfloodedtransition mirevegetation(‘Schwingmoor’) alongtheshores (Sphagnum,abundantScheuchzeriapalustris,C. limosa,Menyanthestrifoliata, also R.alba, Utriculariasp.;NupharpumilaandrareNymphaeatetragonafloatingonthewater table),marginallyinadjacentsmall depressionsin Sphagnummats,with waterand sparse C. limosaand S.palustris. (9) Plotnikovo village,0.2-0.3km Wofthebridge onthe Iksa River,next theroad toBakchar, 56051’31”N,83°03’48”E; 17July;forestswampswith Callapalustris, Carexsp.,abundantLem- naminor,numerousdeadspruce andbirch trees, abeaverlodge. (10) Plotnikovo,0.1km WSWofthebridgeontheIksaRiver,neartheroad toBakchar, 56°51’30” N, 83°03’52”E; 14,21 and22 July;smallwaterbodies mostprobablypost-excavation remains, situatedindepressionsin the very warmgladebounded by willows and aspruce-birchtaiga; astaticandpartlytemporarypools(onelargeranddeeper,andagroup ofsmalland shallow) overgrownwith abundant Ceratophyllumsubmersum and Lemnatrisulca,withSpirodelapolyr- rhiza andfloweringHydrocharismorsus-ranaecoveringalargepart ofthewatertables;locally Carexpseudocyperus,Alismaplantago-aquatica,Typhaangustifolia,and Callapalustris. (11) Plotnikovo,the IksaRiver and itsclosesurroundingsS andN ofthebridge,56°5r20-41” N, 83°03’58”-04’21” E;mostly 12and 14July,marginally21 and 22July;the 15-25wideriverwith brownturbid water,thecurrentveryslow but fasterlocallybetween patchesofvegetation,bot- tomdepositsmuddyandlocallysandy-gravely,vegetationlocallypoorer, mostlyonthebanks, locallyabundantovergrowingalsoalargepart oftheriverbed: Carexacuta, Butomusumbella- tus,Sparganiumemersum,stripsofNupharlutea;close surroundingspartly with adarktaiga, but mostlyopenandsunny with richherbaceous vegetationandnumerouswillows. (12) Plotnikovo,a former oxbow ofthe Iksa River Wof it (0.6km Wof Spart ofthe village), 56°50’49” N, 83°04’20” E; 16(mostly),22(marginally)July;abow-shapedopenareacovered with abog-fencomplexpredominatedby Sphagnumand veryabundant Oxycoccuspalustris, with Carexrostrata, C.lasiocarpa, C.diandra,Drosera rotundifolia,Scheuchzeriapalustris,Eq- uiselum limosum;in themiddle,astripofComarumpalustrewith sparseMenyanthestrifioliata, Typhalatifolia;and Thelypterispalustrisandwith waterlocallyappearingonthesurface; addi- tionallya‘window’ ofopenwateramongthepeat-moss,50x20cminsize andquitedeep. (13) Plotnikovo,meadows N ofthevillage,56°53’10”N,83°04’14”E;ISJuly. 6 R.Bernard& O.E. Kosterin (14) Plotnikovo,field stationoftheInstitute ofSoil Scienceand Agrochemistry,the Siberian Divi- sion oftheRussianAcademy ofSciences, 56°5141’ N, 83°04’28” E; 12July; meadowpatches with treestandsdescendingtothehighbank oftheIksa River. (15) Plotnikovo,next tothe tracktoBorodinsk (1.3km N of theroad toTomsk), 56°52T0” N, 83°04'37”E;mainly 16,additionally15 and 21 July;aman-madeeutrophicpond(usedby cat- tle)with apastureononesideand anaspengroveontheother,thewatercloudyandtheveg- etationratherpoor(especiallyemergent):onlyrare Alismaplantago-aquatica,Glyceriasp. and Carex sp„ locally,a 1m wide shorebelt of Ceratophyllumsubmersum coveredwith Spirodela polyrrhiza. (16) Plotnikovo,theYarushkaStreamandthetrackjusttotheS ofthevillage,56°50’31”N,83°05'14” E;21 July;a2-4.5 m wide forest stream,mostlyshaded, bringingbrownish waterwitha slow current between Callitriche mats. (17) Plotnikovo,nexttothetrack Softhevillage(2.2-3kmSoftheroadtoTomsk),56°49’42”-50’09” N,83°05'11-17”E;21July;twosmallman-made poolswithveryabundant Ceratophyllumsub- mersum,coveredwith Spirodelapolyrrhiza and Lemnaminor,andbounded byabruptlyending walls ofCarexsp. and Glyceria sp., andlocallyby Typhalatifolia,Eleocharispalustris•and Al- ismaplantago-aquatica. (18) Plotnikovo,0.5 km Eofthe village,next totheroadtoTomsk, 56°5IT7” N. 83°05’51” E; 12 and21July;asmall (0.15ha)roadside pool(surroundedbymeadows)withclearshallowwater onaloess-like substrate;abundant emergent vegetation:widespreadEleocharispalustris inter- spersedwith scattered Alisma plantago-aquatica,somepatches ofEquisetumlimosum,Carex acuta,Phragmitesaustralisand Typhalatifolia;onthewatersurfacesomefloatingleavesofPota- mogetonalpinus;submergedvegetation:abundantmossesandLemna trisulca. (19) Iksinskoe Bog.S part, 2.4km S oftheroad Plotnikovo-Tomsk, 56°50’05” N, 83°16’35” E; 18 July;twosmalllakessituatedinthemarginalzoneofthegiantpeat bog,inthewidestripofopen Sphagnumbogwith Scheuchzeriapalustris,Rhynchosporaalba,Drosera(anglicamoreabundant thanrotundifolia), Oxycoccuspalustris, Eriophorumvaginatumand side pineridges(‘gryady’); thelakesseparatedandsurrounded bymesotrophicfenswithdense Carexrostrata andbymore oligotrophicbogs;thewatertablebounded withatransitionmire (‘Schwingmoor’verysuffused with water,partlyflooded)with Sphagnum,abundant Carex limosa and C.rostrata, and some admixtureofMenyanthestrifoliataand Scheuchzeriapalustris;nymphaeids:Nupharpumilaand rarer Nymphaeatetragona. (20) IksinskoeBog,Spart. 1 kmSoftheroad Plotnikovo-Tomsk,56°50'55”N.83°17’33”E; 18 July; afire-fightingpool withdark but clearwaterandpeatyshores, old drainageditches and peat bogsovergrown with pine. (21) Iksinskoe Bog,N part,4.0-4.4kmNoftheroad Plotnikovo-Tomsk,56°54'00-18”N,83°17’05- 19”E;23 July;three small lakessituated in thevast Sphagnumbog,initsopenstrip;onemes- otrophic, rimmedwith Carex rostrata,onepoorer in nutrients with <C.rostrata and C.limosa, and oneoligotrophicwithmuchrarerC.rostrata and abeltalongtheshores formedmostlyby C.limosa, Menyanthestrifoliataand Scheuchzeriapalustris;nymphaeids:Nupharpumilaand Nymphaeatetragona;inthe surroundings,Sphagnummatsverysuffused withwaterovergrown withRhynchosporaalba, C. limosa,Drosera anglica andD.rotundifolia. (22) Tazyrachevo(Tyzyrachevo) village,anoxbowoftheShegarkaRiverSWoftheroad toTomsk, 56°44"29” N, 83°33’46” E; 17July;thelargeoxbowsurrounded bya‘cedar-forest(Pinussibiri- ca)ononeside,andbirch groves andadegradedmeadow ontheotherside;muddygroundand eutrophicbutclear waterwith a thick rimof highBolboschoenus maritimus and someCicuta virosa;in theopenwaterabundant Lemnatrisulcaand Ceratophyllumsubmersumcoveredwith Spirodelapolyrrhiza; patchesofNupharlutea. (23) Tazyrachevo(spellingonmaps;accordingtotheroadsign- Tyzyrachevo),theShegarkaRiver anditssurroundings,fromthebridgeto0.25km NEofit,56°44'39-45”N, 83°34’08-20” E; 15 Odonate fauna ofeastern VasyuganPlain,Russia 7 and 17July;theriver atthestudiedsection isslightlydifferent than Iksa andGalka:colderand faster,withamorerecognizablecurrent,thewaterslightlyturbidbut notbrown,bottomdeposits muddyandsandy-gravely, locallyargillaceous,less(onlylocally)vegetatedin shorezoneswith Carexsp.,Butomus umbellatus and Sparganiumemersum;theriver ispartlysheltered byfairly highriverslopesovergrownwith willows,andsurrounded bothbyforestsand openareas. (24) ObskoeSwampandadjacentmeadows,neartheroadMel’nikovo - StarayaShegarka,56°32’45”- 33’06”N,84°06’32”-07’02” E;15July;theverywidestripofswampsinthefloodplainoftheOb’ River,hardlypenetrable,overgrownwithlowbirches,willow thicketsandabundantherbaceous vegetation(mostlyCarexpaniculata,C.pseudocyperus, C.rostrata, Calthapalustris, Comarum palustre,and Menyanthestrifoliata),alsoinreeds andquakingbogpatches;intheswamps,apool ofopenwaterwith Typhalatifolia,Acoruscalamusand Carexlasiocarpa;between theswamps anda side western branch ofthe Ob’ River,anovergrazed,rather ruderal meadow,bordered withtall Salixalba. (25) SideWbranch oftheOb’Riverneartheroad Mel’nikovo- StarayaShegarkaandthe Obskoe Swamp,56°32’59” N, 84°07’06” E; 15 July;theriver with turbid water and afairly fastcur- rent. ANNOTATED LISTOFSPECIES Intheannotatedlist ofspecies thenumbers oflocalities correspondtothenumbers givenabove. Thefollowingabbreviationsareused: VA:veryabundant,- A: abundant,—FA:fairlyabundant, — M:inmoderatenumbers, — FR: fairlyrare, — R:rare, —VR:veryrare, —S;single; —Col.:col- lected,— ten.:presence ofteneral individual(s),- ex.: exuviae.The collected specimens arein the collections of;i:R.Bernard, —ii:FacultyofBiology,Adam MickiewiczUniversity,Poznan,Poland, - iii:O.Kosterin,—iv:Siberian ZoologicalMuseum,InstituteofAnimalSystematicsand Ecology, Novosibirsk, Russia, and - v:HessischesLandesmuseum,Darmstadt,Germany. Calopteryxsplendens (Harris, 1782) 4; VA,alsoandrochrorae females,Col. 27c5 (21typical, 6 coloured tothe tips ofthewings), 192 (6typical,6androchrome coloured tothetipsofthewings,7androchrome f.faivrei);-11:FA,also androchrome females.Col. 16,69(3typical,2 androchromecoloured tothetips, 1 androchrome f. faivrei)',- 23:M,only 1androchrome female,Col.26, I?. Seemstobe widespreadandmostly abundant, especially invegetation-rich sec- tionsof therivers. Atloc. 4, visual counting andcollecting showedafairly con- siderable proportion ofmales withthe wings colouredto the tips (6/27 count- ed, 22%) anda slight advantage ofandrochromefemales(19/34 counted, 56%) overtypical ones(15/34,44%). Morethanonethirdoftheandrochromefemales (37%) represented f.faivreiwith gradually clearing tips offore wings while al- mosttwothirds(63%) hadthewingscoloureduptothetips inclusive.Generally, theformerconstitutedca21%of allcountedfemales(7/34) and thelatter 35% (12/34). Theinnerendofthecolorationvaried. Inthemostextensively coloured females itreached 50-60%ofthe length between thenodusand the wingbase. Intheleastcoloured, itoccurred atnodusleveloronly slightlyexceeding it,and suchcases werenotrare. Theproportions evaluateddonotfitany simple model ofinheritancewhichwouldexplain all the alternativewingcolour morphs ob- served in both sexes through asingle genetic factor. Anotherpopulation witha 8 R.Bernard &O.E.Kosterin high proportionofandrochromefemales(including f.faivrei) andmaleswiththe wings colouredto thetips was discoveredby O.KosterinintheTodzhaHollow innortheasternTyva Republic, CentralSiberiain2000(KOSTERIN &ZAIKA, 2003) and2004 (unpublished). Before theserecords, androchromefemaleswere consideredextremelyrareinSiberia(cf. BELYSHEV, 1973),butneverthelesspro- vokeda persisting falsenotionof theexistenceofa secondspecies, Calopteryx johanseni Belyshev, 1955(originally describedin thesubspecies rank) whichis in factidenticalto f.faivrei. Therangeof spotsin thewings of somemales as well as the high percentageof androchromefemalespartly resemble some Turkish populations ofthespecies knownasC. s. intermedia(DUMONT, 2006). Noteworthy is thecomplete absence ofCalopteryx virgo(L.)whichis stillun- knownforthelarge area ofWest Siberiabetween theTobol-Ishiminterfluve(a mappoint in BELYSHEV, 1973)andTomsk (BARTENEF, 1910).TheAltaian localitiesgiven by BELYSHEV(1973) concern infactCalopteryxjaponica Selys, 1869, consideredby this authoras conspecific to C. virgo(MALIKOVA. 1995). However, C. virgo was recordedinSiberiaevenfurthereast,fromBunbuy, Kras- noyarskii Krai(3/6-VI-1915, Valdaevleg.), noteworthy that sympatrically with C.japonica (MALIKOVA, 1995). LestesdryasKirby, 1890 10:R,Col. 18,15;- 17:R,Col. 38;-18:A,tandems,Col. 18,15. Not widespread, recordedonly in secondary habitatsonmineralgrounds. Lestessponsa(Hansemann, 1823) 1:A,ten.,Col. 28, 1ex.;-5: VR,Col. 18;-8:A,ten.,Col. 18,29;- 10:R.ten.,Col. 12;-11; - 15:Col,28;- 17:A,tandem,Col. 28, 12;-19:A,ten.,Col. 18,12;-21:A,ten..Col. 38,6ex.; - 22:FA, tandem,Col. 28;- 23:R,tandem.Col. 18;- 24:R,Col. 28. Widespread, common andabundant,inhabiting bothprimaryandsecondary habitats. Lestes virens (Charpentier, 1825),ssp. vestalis(Rambur, 1842) 8:Col. 1(J ten.;- 18:VA.ten.,Col. 1<J, 15. Scarce, however,maybe locally veryabundant.Therarity isprobably aresult ofsituationofthestudiedareaatthenorthernborderofthespecies’ distribution (cf. BELYSHEV, 1973).Thethoracicpatternis typical ofthessp. vestalis, how- ever,theindividualsobservedin thefieldseemedtobesmaller incomparison to thosefromcentralEurope. BELYSHEV(1973)considering theWestSiberianvi- renswrote aboutits transitionalsizebetweenEastEuropean vestalisandasmall Asiansubspecies, marikovskii. Sympecma paedisca (Brauer, 1877) 11;Col. 12 old;- 15: FR,only ten..Col. 12;-22:FA,only ten..Col. 32. The teneralindividualsof the new (summer) generation were observed only Odonatefauna ofeasternVasyuganPlain,Russia 9 fourdaysafter collecting thelastrepresentative oftheold(spring) generation in thesamevillage. Theserecordssuggesta‘time-touching’ ofthesegenerations in the scaleofasmallarea.Thisphenological phenomenon israthertypical in Si- beria (e.g. KOSTERINetal., 2001 andunpublished data),but in Europe there israther ashortbreak(several-week-long, mostly in July)betweengenerations. Although veryrare records showapossibility ofoccasionaloverlapping ofgen- erationsalso inEurope, butnobody has confirmeditinthescaleofa smallarea sofar(cf. JODICKE, 1997). Theoverlapping of generations in Siberiamayre- sult froma shorterandlatewarm season ofthe year.To adapt the lifecycle to these conditions, thelarval development is certainly fasterand shorter.Though eggs maybelaidin Europe already inApril,anemergencestartsinthelastpen- tadeofJuly(JODICKE, 1997).InPlotnikovo, thereis nopossibility to oviposit beforeearly or mid-May, but on 16 July the emergenceof the population was already quite intensive.Theshorteregg/larval development combinedwith the delayedperiod ofspring activityof imagines, andhencetheirlaterdeath,make ‘themeeting of generations’possible. Coenagrion hastulatum(Charpentier, 1825) 4:VR;- 5:R,Col. 23, 12;-6;S;- 7 (pool):Col. Id;- B:M,copulation,Col. 2d,32;- 10:R, tandem.Col. 12;-11: M,tandems,oviposition, Col. 1d;- 15: A,tandems.Col. 3d, 12 andro- chrome;- 18:A,tandems,Col. Id;- 19:VR,Col. 2d, 12;-20(pool):VR;-22:FA,Col, 3d;-23: VR. Widespread andthecommonest coenagrionid inthestudiedarea. Fairlyeury- topic. Itdoesnotavoidevencurrent waters,however, theoccurrence ofimagines islimitedonly to lenticshorezonesof veryslowandbrownrivers.The question ariseswhethertheseimagines are nativeororiginate fromstanding waters inthe surroundings. The observed reproductive behaviourat the Iksa River weigh in favourofthe formeroption. Coenagrion johanssoni(Wallengren, 1894) 1:FA,Col.3d,32;-8:FA,tandems.Col.3d,22;-10:FA,ten.,ovipositions,Col. 1d,12;-11; 1 d,allochthonous;- 17:S,Col. Id;-18:VA,ovipositions,Col. 2d,22;- 19: FA,ten..Col. 2d, 12;-21:M,Col.6d,22. Widespread and locally fairly abundant, related to standing waters, inhabit- ing both primary and secondary habitatsbutwith apreference to the former. Animportant proximate cue forthespecies is anemergentfairlylow vegetation (up to50-60cm high) providing important ultimate factors, atleasttheactivity spaceandwindshield.Thisrequirement, stressed intheliterature(BERNARD & SAMOL/\G, 2002), underlay the clear opposition observed in the studied area,betweeninhabitedanduninhabitedlocalities.Theformer(lakes inSphag- numbogs, aroadside pool)wererich insuch vegetation whileinthelatter(man- madelarge ponds andsmallfire-fighting pools) itoccurred atmostinvery small numbers.Twoexceptions onlyconfirmthe rule. Smallpools in Plotnikovo(No. 10 R.Bernard& O.E.Kosterin 10) werepoorin theemergent vegetation butthey were situatedinlanddepres- sionssurroundedby densebushesandtrees whichcreatedawarmandsufficient- lycalmmicroclimate. Thesignificance of dense shrubbery for this highly wind sensitivespecies was communicatedby BELYSHEV(1966). On theotherhand, anoxbow(No. 22) aboundedinthe emergentvegetationalong theshorebutnot ofthe preferred structure as being too tallanddense. What is more, water was probably too eutrophic for C.johanssoni as the species prefers waters poorerin nutrients. Atloc. 18, atandemof C.johanssoni was caughtby maleL. dubia.When the malehadbeen eaten,thefemalemanaged toescape.Thiswas anexcellentexam- pleofthe significance ofmorecryptic coloursoffemales as theattack of dubia wasdirected atthe muchmorebrightmale. Coenagrion lunulatum(Charpentier, 1840) 6:only 1male.Col. 1<J. Therarityofthespecies was relatedmostprobably totheveryend ofitsflight season. Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758) 5:S,Col. 13;- 6: FA.tandem.Col. 4c?, 1 10:FA,tandems.Col.4c?,29;- 15:FA, tandems. Col. 1c?, 19;- 17:S,Col. I6;- 22:R,Col. It?;-23: VR,Col. 15. Theknown distributionofthespecies inSiberiareached55-56°N(BELYSHEV, 1973;KOSTERIN etal., 2001). Therefore, therecords inthestudiedarea, where thespecies is localbutfairly widespread,expand thespecies’ knowndistribution limitsignificantly (at least 1°) north, up to 57°02’. Considering the moderate abundanceofC. puella inthisareaas wellas itsEuropean rangereaching above 60°(DIJKSTRA, 2006a), an occurrence ofthe species even athigher latitudes inWSiberiaisvery probable. In theVasyugan Plain, C. puella is afairlyregular inhabitantofsecondary habitats, i.e.villageandroadside ponds andpools, and veryrarely occurs inprimary habitats,exactly only inanoxbowoftheShegarka River.Anabundantsubmerged vegetationandahighertrophy aretheircommon features. A totalabsence of the species in water bodies in Sphagnum bogs and fens is noteworthy in comparison with the situation in centraland eastern Eu- ropewhere thespecies inhabitssimilarbiotopes regularly. Thenarrowedhabitat spectrumin theborderlandsofthedistributioniscertainly an effectofa greater sensitivenessofthespecies insuch asituationcombinedwith more severe micro- climaticconditionsin somehabitatsthere. Thisphenomenon isknownalso for manyotherdragonfly species, e.g.Erythromma lindenii(BERNARD, 2000) and Aeshnacrenata (BERNARD,2002). Coenagrion pulchellum(Vander Linden, 1825) 6:M,tandems,Col.4d, 19. InSiberia, thespecies was known intheSW part upto ca 56°20’N, however.

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.