Biofuels and Bioenergy (BICE2016): International Conference, Bhopal, India, 23-25 February 2016

321 Pages·2017·8.74 MB·English

by  S. Suresh

Springer Proceedings in Energy
S. Suresh
Anil Kumar
Ashish Shukla
Renu Singh
C.M. Krishna Editors
Biofuels and
Bioenergy
(BICE2016)
International Conference, Bhopal, India,
23–25 February 2016
Springer Proceedings in Energy
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13370
S. Suresh Anil Kumar Ashish Shukla
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Renu Singh C.M. Krishna
(cid:129)
Editors
Biofuels and Bioenergy
(BICE2016)
–
International Conference, Bhopal, India, 23
25 February 2016
123
Editors
S. Suresh RenuSingh
Department ofChemical Engineering Division of Environmental Sciences
MANIT Bhopal CentreforEnvironmentScienceandClimate
Bhopal ResilientAgriculture
India NewDelhi
India
Anil Kumar
Energy Technology ResearchCenter, C.M.Krishna
Departmentof MechanicalEngineering, Department ofMechanical Engineering
Faculty ofEngineering MANIT Bhopal
Princeof SongklaUniversity Bhopal
HatYai, Songkhla India
Thailand
AshishShukla
Schoolof Energy,Construction and
Environment
CoventryUniversity
Coventry
UK
ISSN 2352-2534 ISSN 2352-2542 (electronic)
SpringerProceedings in Energy
ISBN978-3-319-47255-3 ISBN978-3-319-47257-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-47257-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016961679
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Contents
WasteCookingOil(WCO)BiodieselProductionUsingCalcinedChalk
as HeterogeneousCatalyst ....................................... 1
Amit Pal, Balbir Singh and Shashank Mohan
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Karanja Oil Using Modified
Mordenite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 15
Shikha Gangil, Virendra Singh Dhakar, Yashwant Parihar,
Divya Bhagat, Priyanka Bhawate and Bharat Modhera
A Review on Nano-catalyst from Waste for Production
of Biofuel-Via-Bioenergy. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 25
Rajani Bharati and S. Suresh
A Review on Application of Integrated Solar and Bioenergy
Based Technology.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 33
Anshika Rani, S. Suresh and Anil Kumar
Optimization of Mass Flow Rate for N-Flat Plate Collector
Integrated Biogas Plant for Winter Season at Srinagar, Kashmir
(India) Location for Achieving Superior Performance.. .... ..... .... 41
Jasleen Bhatti and G.N. Tiwari
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodiesel from
Simarouba glauca .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 51
Sushma Uppinkere Shivramu, Bheema Raju Venkatappa,
Chandrasagar Laxman, Balakrishna Gowda, Rajesh Kumar Kodi
and Prasanna Kuthi Thamaiah
Preparation of Bio-diesel from Jatropha Curcas Oil
and Testing of Its Blends with Diesel on a CI Engine .. .... ..... .... 59
Abhijeet Dubey, Apurv Pant, Savita Dixit and G. Dixit
v
vi Contents
Indian Energy Sector and Analysis of Potential of Bioenergy
in India .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
Rahil Akhtar Usmani
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass into Gaseous Fuel
for Electricity Generation.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 83
Manikanta Bhavirisetti, V.S.S.P. Sashank Tallapragada, Aparna Pasula
and Sabithakala Tatituri
Enrichment of Biogas from Biodegradable Solid
Waste—A Review.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 93
Hemant Kumar Balsora, Pratibha Gautam and Monoj Kumar Mondal
Investigation of Waste Frying Oil as a Green Alternative Fuel:
An Approach to Reduce NO Emission.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 107
x
Shrivastava Nitin
Utilization of Waste Biomass into Useful Forms of Energy.. ..... .... 117
Arunabha Sarkar and Ghodke Praveen
Experimental Investigation on Use of Bitter Apricot
Kernel Biodiesel Blends in Single Cylinder Diesel Engine... ..... .... 133
Virender Singh Gurau, Akash Deep and Sarbjot Singh Sandhu
CFD Simulation of a Common Rail Diesel Engine
with Biobutanol-Diesel Blends for Various Injection Timings..... .... 143
Venkatesh T. Lamani, Ajay Kumar Yadav and G.N. Kumar
Recovery of Reducing Sugar from Food Waste: Optimization
of Pretreatment Parameters Using Response
Surface Methodology ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 161
Marttin Paulraj Gundupalli and Debraj Bhattacharyya
Optimizing Bio-energy Crop Farm Profitability with Spatial
Distribution of Bio-fuel Refinery Sites... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 173
Kevin Duemmel and Anand Plappally
Experimental Study on Jatropha Oil Pool Fire in Full Scale
Compartment . .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 191
Avinash Chaudhary, Akhilesh Gupta, Surendra Kumar and Ravi Kumar
Rheology of Karanja (Pongamia) Oil Based Biolubricant ... ..... .... 203
Umesh Chandra Sharma, Gagan Anand, Satya Krishna, Piyush Kuchhal,
Nippani Satya Krishna and Sadhana Sachan
Removal of Phenylacetic Acid from Aqueous Streams.. .... ..... .... 209
Sapana S. Madan and Kailas L. Wasewar
Contents vii
Investigation of the Kinematic Viscosity of Cottonseed,
Palm, Soybean and Jatropha Biodiesel with Diesel Fuel .... ..... .... 215
S. Madiwale and V. Bhojwani
Blending of Practices: A Study of Selected Biofuels Complex
in India .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 229
Rahul Shukla and Sambit Mallick
Use of Vegetable Oil as a Fuel in Diesel Engine—A Review . ..... .... 241
Shiyasharan Patel and Nitin Shrivastava
Manufacturing of Biodiesel from Mahua (Madhuca Indica) Oil... .... 261
Utkarsh, D. Mahto and Arbind Kumar
Influence of Intake Air Pre-Heat on a Diesel Engine Operating
on Ethanol in Dual Fuel Mode..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 271
D.K. Jamuwa, D. Sharma and S.L. Soni
Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Emission
Parameters of Stationary CI Engine Using Methyl Esters
of Karanja and Fumigated Ethanol. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 279
D.K. Jamuwa, D. Sharma, S.L. Soni and Amit Sharma
Biogas Quality Upgradation Using Musa bulbasiana: A Study
on Domestic Biogas Plant.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 287
Pinak Pani Baruah, Plaban Bora and Dhanapati Deka
Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Nano Carbons
Synthesized by Simple Pyrolysis of Bamboo.. .... .... .... ..... .... 299
Bhagyashree Pani, Puspalata Pattojoshi and Udai P. Singh
A Review on Vermicomposting of Different Leaf Litters.... ..... .... 305
Rajesh Babu Katiyar, S. Suresh and A.K. Sharma
Hydrogen Gas Generation from Enzymatic Hydrolysis
of Pre-Treated Rice Straw by Bacteria Through
Dark Fermentation. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 313
R. Singh, C. Srivastava and M. Srivastava
Review on Microbial Fuel Cell Energy Enhancement
Using Nano Materials... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 321
Samatha Singh and S. Suresh
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Biodiesel
Production Using Calcined Chalk
as Heterogeneous Catalyst
Amit Pal, Balbir Singh and Shashank Mohan
Abstract Biodiesel is a low emission, renewable and a potential alternative of
petrodieselmadefromvegetableoil,wastelipidandanimalfat.Transesterification
isaverycommonmethodtoproducebiodieselfromrawoil.Otherthreemethodsof
production of biodiesel are: Direct use and blending of raw oils, micro-emulsion
and thermal cracking. The study deals with heterogeneous catalyst based transes-
terificationreactionforconversionofrawWCOintobiodiesel.Calciumoxideused
asheterogeneouscatalystwaspreparedfromeasilyavailableandcheapwhitechalk
(CaCO ) by the process of calcinations. The heterogeneous catalyst was easily
3
separatedfromthecrudebiodieselproducedbytransesterificationreaction.Further,
catalyst separation did not require water washing process during purification pro-
cess of biodiesel. Biodiesel production was investigated for various factors like
methanoltooilmolarratio,reactiontimeandwt%ofcatalysttooilwiththehelpof
recycled heterogeneous catalyst. Sustainable yields were obtained when the pro-
posed catalyst was used in mechanical stirring, hydrodynamic cavitation and
ultrasonic cavitation methods. The present research has the potential to ease the
process of biodiesel production without environmental degradation from low
quality feedstocks.
1 Introduction
Industrial development and increased transportation worldwide has created a huge
demand for liquid fuel which is mainly derived from petroleum [1]. These fuel
reserves being exploited extensively will not able to cater the need offuture. The
petroleum reserves are very limited and only available with few countries due to
A.Pal(&)(cid:1)S.Mohan
MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,DelhiTechnologicalUniversity,Delhi110042,India
e-mail:[email protected]
B.Singh
MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,ABESInstituteofTechnology,Ghaziabad,India
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 1
S.Sureshetal.(eds.),BiofuelsandBioenergy(BICE2016),
SpringerProceedingsinEnergy,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-47257-7_1
2 A.Paletal.
which other countries bound to import high priced crude petroleum thus facing
energyandeconomycrisis.Theenvironmentpollutionistheanothercurseofusing
petroleum based fuel due to emission of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides,
sulphur dioxide and particulate matters leading to climate change and health
problems across the world. Therefore, to increase energy security for economic
development and to minimize emission, the need to search for an alternative and
environmentfriendlysourceofenergysuchasbiodieselisnecessary[2].Moreover
biodieselcanbeusedwithlittleornomodificationinexistingCompressedIgnition
(C.I.)engines.Unlikefossilfuel,molecularstructure ofbiodieselcontainsoxygen
whichhelpsinincreasingtherateofcombustionoffuelinC.I.enginesresultingin
reduction in emission of CO, soot etc. [3].
Biodiesel is mono alkyl esters offatty acids which are derived from vegetable
oils(edibleandnon-edible)andanimalfats.Thefeed-stocksfromwhichmorethan
95% of biodiesel is produced in world are in edible category as theses are only
largely and mainly produced. The properties of biodiesel prepared from such oils
provedtobecompatibletobeusedwithpetroleumdiesel[4].Buttheuseofedible
oil for producing biodiesel will cause scarcity of edible oil in the market. Whereas
waste cooking oil is not suitable for human consumption and thus it can be a
potential source offeedstock for biodiesel production.
There are different methods through which biodiesel can be produced viz.
blending of raw oils and direct use, micro-emulsion, pyrolysis and transesterifica-
tion.Vegetableoilsarenothingbutacombinationoforganiccompounds.Itranges
fromsimplestraightchaincompoundtocomplexproteinsstructureandfat-soluble
vitamins while the petroleum diesel fuel is saturated non-branched molecules with
carbonatomsinarangeof12–18[1].Theproblemimplieswiththevegetableoilis
itshigherviscosityandhigherflashpointcontributingtoitslowervolatilityandthe
reactivity of unsaturated hydrocarbons [5]. Vegetable oil has a higher viscosity in
therangeof35–60cStincomparisonwiththedieselwithlowviscosityof4cStat
40 °C [6], which creates short-term troubles like starting problem in cold weather,
gumming and clogging of filters, pipelines and injectors, knocking problem in
engine and long-term troubles like choking of injectors, engine wear etc. [7] when
used in existing unmodified direct and indirect diesel engine. When the vegetable
oils are used in C. I. engines directly or by diluting it with petro diesel than that
method is called direct use and blending of raw oils.
Micro-emulsionisaspecialclassofcolloidaldispersionthathasattractedawide
attention because of their ability to solubilise material which was not soluble
otherwise. Micro-emulsions were found to have lower fuel viscosity and better
sprayingpatternsoffuelduringcombustionprocess.Howeverthemicro-emulsions
have lower cetane number and lower calorific value which makes it unsuitable for
use in C. I. engine for long time [6, 8, 9].
Pyrolysis refers to the chemical changes of long chain and saturated vegetable
oils or natural fatty acids and animal fats using thermal energy in presence of air
[10]. There have been lots of studies on the pyrolysis of triglycerides to obtain
products appropriate for diesel engine. Alkanes, alkadines, alkenes, aromatics
and carboxylic acids are produced from triglycerides on thermal decomposition.