Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture

299 Pages·2016·6.73 MB·English

by  Naveen Kumar Arora

Naveen Kumar Arora · Samina Mehnaz
Raff aella Balestrini Editors
Bioformulations:
for Sustainable
Agriculture
Bioformulations: for Sustainable
Agriculture
ThiSisaFMBlankPage
Naveen Kumar Arora (cid:129)
Samina Mehnaz (cid:129) Raffaella Balestrini
Editors
Bioformulations: for
Sustainable Agriculture
Editors
NaveenKumarArora SaminaMehnaz
DepartmentofEnvironmentalMicrobiology DepartmentofBiologicalSciences
SchoolforEnvironmentalSciences, FormanChristianCollege(ACharteredUniversity)
BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkarUniversity Lahore,Pakistan
Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India
RaffaellaBalestrini
IstitutoperlaProtezioneSostenibiledellePiante(IPSP)
ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche(CNR)
Torino,Torino,Italy
ISBN978-81-322-2777-9 ISBN978-81-322-2779-3(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-81-322-2779-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016939419
#SpringerIndia2016
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Preface
Plantgrowth-promoting(PGP)microorganismshelptheplantsinanumberof
ways.Inthelastfewyears,severaleffortshavebeenmadebytheresearchers
to highlight the applicative potential of these beneficial soil microorganisms
providingnutrientsandprotectiontotheplants.Theroleofsuchmicrobesin
sustainable agriculture has been well documented. These microorganisms,
such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or plant growth-
promotingfungi(PGPF),canbethebestalternativesforchemicals(fertilizers
and pesticides). Although the development and use of bioformulations with
these beneficial microorganisms have seen an upward trend in the last few
years,inbroaderperspective,thegrowthhasnotbeenuptomark,particularly
sointhedevelopingcountries.Thereisagreatconcernforgreenandsafefood,
butabiggerquestionisonfoodsecurityforall.Weknowthattofitintheshoes
ofchemicals,alotmorehastobedoneforthedevelopmentofbioformulations
whicharereliableandaseffectiveasinlabconditions.
To be successful, a formulation should provide the right number of
beneficial microbes in good state to the soil or rhizosphere or the plant. In
present-day scenario where the soils are becoming non-fertile or barren by
theday,itisimportantthatusefulsoilmicroorganismsareaugmentedinthe
fields. It is particularly important that the deficient soils are enriched with
useful microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, PGP fluorescent
pseudomonads, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, etc. This can be only
achieved if the end users, i.e., the farmers, have confidence in the
bioformulations. For this achievement, the quality of the current
bioformulations has to be enhanced, involving the use of the latest
technologiesandunderstandingtheecologicalrequirements,themechanisms
involvedintheinteractionwithroots,andthehabitatwheretheyaregoingto
beintroduced.Itisimportanttofindouttheloopholesandaddressthemsoas
toenhancethecredibilityofthebioformulationsinfuture.However,already
we are seeing a drift or change. The bioformulations being developed now
are multifaceted, involving consortia of useful microbes and also including
secondary metabolites which aid the establishment in rhizosphere and help
root colonization. Successful inclusion of microbial metabolites such as
flavonoids, phytohormones, and lipochitooligosaccharides (LOCs) in
bioformulations is showing the way. Although in recent years several
improvements have been done, research in this field should be enhanced.
v
vi Preface
For further development, a fruitful partnership between industry-academia-
government/regulatory authorities and the end users is required. All these
issueshavebeenelaboratelydiscussedinthevolumesoastogivedirections
for future researchand development ofaconsistent andgloballysuccessful
product.
Thebookconsistsof16chapterscontributedbyexpertsfromaroundthe
globe. The experts are involved in the development of bioinoculants by
utilizingdiversePGPmicroorganisms.Thebookincludesanddiscussesthe
history of growth of bioformulations. The process of development of
bioformulations, the constraints faced, and the requirements for the future
have been discussed in detail. The tome also describes the present-day
market scenario of the bioformulations, including both biofertilizers and
biopesticides,andhowimprovementscanbedoneinthefuture.Thediverse
rolesofbioformulationsinreclamationofstressedandmarginalsoilsarealso
discussed. Recovery of stressed and polluted soils with the help of
bioformulationsisaveryimportantaspectforthefutureresearchandappli-
cativeprojects.Thiswillnotonlyincreasethearablelandbutwillmakeour
planet greener and also help in enhancing productivity for food security.
Overall it can be said with conformity that the future of bioformulations is
bright;theonlythingistoachievethegoalsandtargetsasswiftlyaspossible,
soastoenhancethemarketshareofthesegreenalternatives.
Thevolumeisauniquecompilationonmicrobialproductsavailableand
tobeformulatedinfutureforsustainabilityofagricultureandsoils.Thetome
willbeextremelyuseful fortheresearchersinvolved inthedevelopmentof
bioformulations/bioinoculants, agricultural sciences, microbiologists,
biotechnology-related industries, end users, and regulatory authorities
aroundtheglobe.Thebookwillalsobehelpfulforgraduateandpostgraduate
students and faculty pursuing their career in the field of bioformulation
developmentanduse.
The editors are thankful to all the authors who have contributed in this
bookandhaveprovidedexcellentknowledgeondiverseaspectsofthetopic.
The contributors have really made the book exceptional and novel in itself.
The editors would also like to thank Dr Mamta Kapila, Senior Editor,
Springer (India), for her support. It is because of her sustainable approach
thatsuchaproductwillseethelightoftheday,whichwillgosomewayto
makethisplanetgreener.
NKA is obliged to Prof RC Sobti, Vice Chancellor, BBA University,
Lucknow, UP, India, for the encouragement and support. NKA would also
liketothankhisteamofresearchscholars,namely,JitendraMishra,Rachna
Singh, Sakshi Tewari, Maya, Shweta, Jai Prakash, and Sushma Verma, for
helpinginthecompilationofthemanuscript.Lastbutnevertheleast,NKAis
indebted to his wife Preeti and kids Pranay and Nav for bringing calmness
andfulfillment.
Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India NaveenKumarArora
Lahore,Pakistan SaminaMehnaz
Torino,Italy RaffaellaBalestrini
Contents
PartI Introduction
1 BioformulationsforPlantGrowthPromotionandCombating
Phytopathogens:ASustainableApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JitendraMishraandNaveenKumarArora
2 FormulationTechnologyofBiocontrolAgents:PresentStatus
andFutureProspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ChetanKeswani,KartikayBisen,VivekSingh,
BirinchiKumarSarma,andHarikeshBahadurSingh
3 BeneficialMicroorganisms:CurrentChallengetoIncrease
CropPerformance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Ma´rciadoValeBarretoFigueiredo,AureniviaBonifacio,
ArtenisaCerqueiraRodrigues,FabioFernandodeAraujo,
andNewtonPereiraStamford
4 TheProductionandPotentialofBiofertilizerstoImprove
CropYields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
DidierLesueur,RosalindDeaker,LaetitiaHerrmann,
LambertBra¨u,andJanJansa
5 EffectofBioinoculantsontheQualityofCrops. . . . . . . . . . . 93
ElisaBona,GuidoLingua,andValeriaTodeschini
PartII DiverseApplications
6 BiologicalPotentialofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi. . . . . . 127
RaffaellaBalestrini
7 TheUseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiinCombination
withTrichodermaspp.inSustainableAgriculture. . . . . . . . . 137
JoseAntonioPascual
8 BioformulationsofNovelIndigenousRhizobacterialStrains
forManagingSoilbornePathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
PervaizA.Abbasi,SalahEddinKhabbaz,andLiangZhang
vii
viii Contents
9 Bio-basedandReduced-RiskStrategiesfortheManagement
ofPhytophthoraBlightandRootRotofPepper. . . . . . . . . . . 163
YanMa,QiujunWang,YunCao,GuangfeiWang,DejieGuo,
andPervaizA.Abbasi
10 FormulationofPochoniachlamydosporiaforPlant
andNematodeManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
AurelioCiancio,MariantoniettaColagiero,IsabellaPentimone,
andLauraCristinaRosso
11 ImprovementofCropProtectionandYieldinHostile
AgroecologicalConditionswithPGPR-BasedBiofertilizer
Formulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
DilfuzaEgamberdievaandAnthonyO.Adesemoye
12 UseofIndigenousCyanobacteriaforSustainable
ImprovementofBiogeochemicalandPhysicalFertility
ofMarginalSoilsinSemiaridTropics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
LuigiPaoloD’Acqui
PartIII PresentScenarioandFuture
13 TheContributionofSecondaryMetabolitesintheSuccess
ofBioformulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Mar´ıaA.Morel,Ce´licaCagide,andSusanaCastro-Sowinski
14 EncapsulationTechniquesforPlantGrowth-Promoting
Rhizobacteria.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 251
MauricioSchoebitzandMar´ıaDoloresL(cid:1)opezBelch´ı
15 AnOverviewofGloballyAvailableBioformulations. . . . . . . 267
SaminaMehnaz
16 RegulationofBiopesticides:GlobalConcernsandPolicies. . . 283
NaveenKumarArora,MayaVerma,JaiPrakash,
andJitendraMishra
About the Editor
Dr.NaveenKumarArora,Ph.D.,Micro-
biology,AssociateProfessorinDepartment
ofEnvironmentalMicrobiology,Babasaheb
Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central
University),Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India,
is a renowned researcher in the field of
Environmental Microbiology and Biotech-
nology. His specific area of research is
rhizosphere biology and PGPRs. He has
38 research papers published in premium
international journals and several articles
published in magazines and dailies. He is
editor of the books Plant Microbe Symbio-
sis: Fundamentals and Advances and Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied
Facets,publishedbySpringer.Heismemberofseveralnationalandinterna-
tionalsocietiesandreviewerofseveralinternationaljournals.Hehasdelivered
lecturesinconferencesandseminarsaroundtheglobe.Hehasalong-standing
interest in teaching at the PG level and is involved in taking courses
in bacteriology, microbial physiology, environmental microbiology, agricul-
ture microbiology, and industrial microbiology. He has been advisor to
sixtysevenpostgraduateandfourdoctoralstudents.Recentlyhewasawarded
for excellence in research by the Honorable Governor of Uttar Pradesh and
recieved“YoungAchieversAward”fromAsianPGPRSociety.Althoughan
academician and researcher by profession, he has a huge obsession for the
wildlifeanditsconservationandhasauthoredabook,SplendidWilds.Hehasa
websitewww.naveenarora.co.indedicatedforthe causeofwildlifeand envi-
ronmentconservation.
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