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Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture PDF

299 Pages·2016·6.73 MB·English
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Naveen Kumar Arora · Samina Mehnaz Raff aella Balestrini Editors Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture ThiSisaFMBlankPage Naveen Kumar Arora (cid:129) Samina Mehnaz (cid:129) Raffaella Balestrini Editors Bioformulations: for Sustainable Agriculture Editors NaveenKumarArora SaminaMehnaz DepartmentofEnvironmentalMicrobiology DepartmentofBiologicalSciences SchoolforEnvironmentalSciences, FormanChristianCollege(ACharteredUniversity) BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkarUniversity Lahore,Pakistan Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India RaffaellaBalestrini IstitutoperlaProtezioneSostenibiledellePiante(IPSP) ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche(CNR) Torino,Torino,Italy ISBN978-81-322-2777-9 ISBN978-81-322-2779-3(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-81-322-2779-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016939419 #SpringerIndia2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationin thisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringer(India)Pvt.Ltd. Preface Plantgrowth-promoting(PGP)microorganismshelptheplantsinanumberof ways.Inthelastfewyears,severaleffortshavebeenmadebytheresearchers to highlight the applicative potential of these beneficial soil microorganisms providingnutrientsandprotectiontotheplants.Theroleofsuchmicrobesin sustainable agriculture has been well documented. These microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or plant growth- promotingfungi(PGPF),canbethebestalternativesforchemicals(fertilizers and pesticides). Although the development and use of bioformulations with these beneficial microorganisms have seen an upward trend in the last few years,inbroaderperspective,thegrowthhasnotbeenuptomark,particularly sointhedevelopingcountries.Thereisagreatconcernforgreenandsafefood, butabiggerquestionisonfoodsecurityforall.Weknowthattofitintheshoes ofchemicals,alotmorehastobedoneforthedevelopmentofbioformulations whicharereliableandaseffectiveasinlabconditions. To be successful, a formulation should provide the right number of beneficial microbes in good state to the soil or rhizosphere or the plant. In present-day scenario where the soils are becoming non-fertile or barren by theday,itisimportantthatusefulsoilmicroorganismsareaugmentedinthe fields. It is particularly important that the deficient soils are enriched with useful microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, PGP fluorescent pseudomonads, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, etc. This can be only achieved if the end users, i.e., the farmers, have confidence in the bioformulations. For this achievement, the quality of the current bioformulations has to be enhanced, involving the use of the latest technologiesandunderstandingtheecologicalrequirements,themechanisms involvedintheinteractionwithroots,andthehabitatwheretheyaregoingto beintroduced.Itisimportanttofindouttheloopholesandaddressthemsoas toenhancethecredibilityofthebioformulationsinfuture.However,already we are seeing a drift or change. The bioformulations being developed now are multifaceted, involving consortia of useful microbes and also including secondary metabolites which aid the establishment in rhizosphere and help root colonization. Successful inclusion of microbial metabolites such as flavonoids, phytohormones, and lipochitooligosaccharides (LOCs) in bioformulations is showing the way. Although in recent years several improvements have been done, research in this field should be enhanced. v vi Preface For further development, a fruitful partnership between industry-academia- government/regulatory authorities and the end users is required. All these issueshavebeenelaboratelydiscussedinthevolumesoastogivedirections for future researchand development ofaconsistent andgloballysuccessful product. Thebookconsistsof16chapterscontributedbyexpertsfromaroundthe globe. The experts are involved in the development of bioinoculants by utilizingdiversePGPmicroorganisms.Thebookincludesanddiscussesthe history of growth of bioformulations. The process of development of bioformulations, the constraints faced, and the requirements for the future have been discussed in detail. The tome also describes the present-day market scenario of the bioformulations, including both biofertilizers and biopesticides,andhowimprovementscanbedoneinthefuture.Thediverse rolesofbioformulationsinreclamationofstressedandmarginalsoilsarealso discussed. Recovery of stressed and polluted soils with the help of bioformulationsisaveryimportantaspectforthefutureresearchandappli- cativeprojects.Thiswillnotonlyincreasethearablelandbutwillmakeour planet greener and also help in enhancing productivity for food security. Overall it can be said with conformity that the future of bioformulations is bright;theonlythingistoachievethegoalsandtargetsasswiftlyaspossible, soastoenhancethemarketshareofthesegreenalternatives. Thevolumeisauniquecompilationonmicrobialproductsavailableand tobeformulatedinfutureforsustainabilityofagricultureandsoils.Thetome willbeextremelyuseful fortheresearchersinvolved inthedevelopmentof bioformulations/bioinoculants, agricultural sciences, microbiologists, biotechnology-related industries, end users, and regulatory authorities aroundtheglobe.Thebookwillalsobehelpfulforgraduateandpostgraduate students and faculty pursuing their career in the field of bioformulation developmentanduse. The editors are thankful to all the authors who have contributed in this bookandhaveprovidedexcellentknowledgeondiverseaspectsofthetopic. The contributors have really made the book exceptional and novel in itself. The editors would also like to thank Dr Mamta Kapila, Senior Editor, Springer (India), for her support. It is because of her sustainable approach thatsuchaproductwillseethelightoftheday,whichwillgosomewayto makethisplanetgreener. NKA is obliged to Prof RC Sobti, Vice Chancellor, BBA University, Lucknow, UP, India, for the encouragement and support. NKA would also liketothankhisteamofresearchscholars,namely,JitendraMishra,Rachna Singh, Sakshi Tewari, Maya, Shweta, Jai Prakash, and Sushma Verma, for helpinginthecompilationofthemanuscript.Lastbutnevertheleast,NKAis indebted to his wife Preeti and kids Pranay and Nav for bringing calmness andfulfillment. Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India NaveenKumarArora Lahore,Pakistan SaminaMehnaz Torino,Italy RaffaellaBalestrini Contents PartI Introduction 1 BioformulationsforPlantGrowthPromotionandCombating Phytopathogens:ASustainableApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 JitendraMishraandNaveenKumarArora 2 FormulationTechnologyofBiocontrolAgents:PresentStatus andFutureProspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ChetanKeswani,KartikayBisen,VivekSingh, BirinchiKumarSarma,andHarikeshBahadurSingh 3 BeneficialMicroorganisms:CurrentChallengetoIncrease CropPerformance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Ma´rciadoValeBarretoFigueiredo,AureniviaBonifacio, ArtenisaCerqueiraRodrigues,FabioFernandodeAraujo, andNewtonPereiraStamford 4 TheProductionandPotentialofBiofertilizerstoImprove CropYields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 DidierLesueur,RosalindDeaker,LaetitiaHerrmann, LambertBra¨u,andJanJansa 5 EffectofBioinoculantsontheQualityofCrops. . . . . . . . . . . 93 ElisaBona,GuidoLingua,andValeriaTodeschini PartII DiverseApplications 6 BiologicalPotentialofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi. . . . . . 127 RaffaellaBalestrini 7 TheUseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiinCombination withTrichodermaspp.inSustainableAgriculture. . . . . . . . . 137 JoseAntonioPascual 8 BioformulationsofNovelIndigenousRhizobacterialStrains forManagingSoilbornePathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 PervaizA.Abbasi,SalahEddinKhabbaz,andLiangZhang vii viii Contents 9 Bio-basedandReduced-RiskStrategiesfortheManagement ofPhytophthoraBlightandRootRotofPepper. . . . . . . . . . . 163 YanMa,QiujunWang,YunCao,GuangfeiWang,DejieGuo, andPervaizA.Abbasi 10 FormulationofPochoniachlamydosporiaforPlant andNematodeManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 AurelioCiancio,MariantoniettaColagiero,IsabellaPentimone, andLauraCristinaRosso 11 ImprovementofCropProtectionandYieldinHostile AgroecologicalConditionswithPGPR-BasedBiofertilizer Formulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 DilfuzaEgamberdievaandAnthonyO.Adesemoye 12 UseofIndigenousCyanobacteriaforSustainable ImprovementofBiogeochemicalandPhysicalFertility ofMarginalSoilsinSemiaridTropics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 LuigiPaoloD’Acqui PartIII PresentScenarioandFuture 13 TheContributionofSecondaryMetabolitesintheSuccess ofBioformulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Mar´ıaA.Morel,Ce´licaCagide,andSusanaCastro-Sowinski 14 EncapsulationTechniquesforPlantGrowth-Promoting Rhizobacteria.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 251 MauricioSchoebitzandMar´ıaDoloresL(cid:1)opezBelch´ı 15 AnOverviewofGloballyAvailableBioformulations. . . . . . . 267 SaminaMehnaz 16 RegulationofBiopesticides:GlobalConcernsandPolicies. . . 283 NaveenKumarArora,MayaVerma,JaiPrakash, andJitendraMishra About the Editor Dr.NaveenKumarArora,Ph.D.,Micro- biology,AssociateProfessorinDepartment ofEnvironmentalMicrobiology,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University),Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India, is a renowned researcher in the field of Environmental Microbiology and Biotech- nology. His specific area of research is rhizosphere biology and PGPRs. He has 38 research papers published in premium international journals and several articles published in magazines and dailies. He is editor of the books Plant Microbe Symbio- sis: Fundamentals and Advances and Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets,publishedbySpringer.Heismemberofseveralnationalandinterna- tionalsocietiesandreviewerofseveralinternationaljournals.Hehasdelivered lecturesinconferencesandseminarsaroundtheglobe.Hehasalong-standing interest in teaching at the PG level and is involved in taking courses in bacteriology, microbial physiology, environmental microbiology, agricul- ture microbiology, and industrial microbiology. He has been advisor to sixtysevenpostgraduateandfourdoctoralstudents.Recentlyhewasawarded for excellence in research by the Honorable Governor of Uttar Pradesh and recieved“YoungAchieversAward”fromAsianPGPRSociety.Althoughan academician and researcher by profession, he has a huge obsession for the wildlifeanditsconservationandhasauthoredabook,SplendidWilds.Hehasa websitewww.naveenarora.co.indedicatedforthe causeofwildlifeand envi- ronmentconservation. ix

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More than a century has passed since the first bioformulations were introduced to the market. But there is still much to be done, explored and developed. Though bioformulations offer green alternatives and are important for sustainable agriculture, they make up only a small fraction of the total add
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