Biofloc technology as an integral approach to enhance production and ecological performance of ... PDF
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Promoters: Prof. dr. ir. Peter Bossier Department of Animal Production University of Ghent, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Enang H. Surawidjaja, M.Si. Department of Aquaculture Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Dean : Prof. dr. ir. Guido Van Huylenbroeck Rector : Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Biofloc Technology as an Integral Approach to Enhance Production and Ecological Performance of Aquaculture Julie Ekasari Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences 2014 Dutch translation of the title: Biovlokken technologie als integrale aanpak voor de verhoging van productie en ecologische performantie van aquacultuur Reference: Ekasari, J. (2014). Biofloc technology as an integral approach to enhance production and ecological performance of aquaculture. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. ISBN: 978-90-5989-738-0 This work was funded by the Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad – University Cooperation for Development, Belgium through an ICP-PhD scholarship grant to Julie Ekasari. The author and the promoter give the authorization to consult and copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author Members of the examination committee: Prof. dr. ir. Peter Bossier Department of Animal Production University of Ghent, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Enang H. Surawidjaja, M.Si. Department of Aquaculture Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Prof. dr. Yoram Avnimelech Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion, Israel Prof. dr. ir. Marc Verdegem Aquaculture and Fisheries Department Wageningen University, the Netherlands Prof. dr. ir. Siegfried E. Vlaeminck Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology Ghent University, Belgium Prof. dr. Patrick Sorgeloos Department of Animal Production University of Ghent, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Peter Goethals Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology University of Ghent, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Monica Höfte (Chairman) Department of Crop Protection University of Ghent, Belgium I dedicate this work to My parents, Edi Widodo H.S. and Tintin Setiawati My husband, Wiyoto, My daughters, Azka Nadia K. and Nabila Aulia W. My parents in law, Parman and Marpungah My brothers, Indra Dwi A. (Rip) and Daffa Feri T. All the family members All my teachers For their endless love and support NOTATION INDEX ABL Average body length ABW Average body weigth a.e. Atom excess AHPND Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease ANOVA Analysis of variance AOAC Association of official analytical chemists APHA American Public Health Association ATP Adenosine triphosphate BFT Biofloc technology BOD Biochemical oxygen demand CF Condition factor CFU Colony forming unit CP Crude protein DGGE Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DIN Dissolved inorganic nitrogen DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DO Dissolved oxygen DON Dissolved organic nitrogen DW Dry weight E/A Essential amino acid ratio EAA Essential amino acid EAAI Essential amino acid index EMS Early mortality syndrome EPS Extracellular polymeric substances FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FCR Food conversion ratio FVI Floc volume index GC Gas chromatography GHG Green house gas GSI Gonadosomatic index HAB Harmful algal bloom HPLC High performance liquid chromatography HRT Hydraulic retention time HSI Hepatosomatic index HSP Heat shock protein HUFA Highly unsaturated fatty acid IAEA International atomic energy agency IMNV Infectious myo necrosis virus IMT-culture Integrated multitrophic culture LD Lethal dose L-DOPA L-dihydroxyphenylalanine LGBP Lipopolysaccharide glucan binding protein LT Lethal time MAMP Microbe associated molecular pattern mas Masquerade-like serine protease NACA Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific NBT Nitroblue tetrazolium OD Optical density OM Organic matter PBS Phosphate buffer saline PCR Polymerase chain reaction PO Phenoloxidase PPAE Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme ProPO Prophenoloxidase PRR Pattern recognition receptor RAS Recirculating aquaculture system RB Respiratory burst RNA Ribonucleic acid
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