Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control PDF
Preview Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control
Sunil Kumar · Niharika Chandra · Leena Singh · Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi · Ajit Varma Editors Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control fi Bio lms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control Sunil Kumar Niharika Chandra (cid:129) (cid:129) Leena Singh Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi (cid:129) (cid:129) Ajit Varma Editors fi Bio lms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control 123 Editors Sunil Kumar Niharika Chandra Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Institute of Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Bio-Sciences andTechnology Bio-Sciences andTechnology Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India Leena Singh Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Institute of Management, Commerce Department ofChemistry andEconomics COMSATS University Islamabad Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Islamabad, Pakistan Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India Ajit Varma Institute of Microbial Technology Amity University Noida, India ISBN978-3-030-30756-1 ISBN978-3-030-30757-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword Biofilmsarethemostcommonmodeofbacterialgrowthinnature.Highlyresistantto antibiotics and antimicrobials, biofilms are the source of more than 65% of healthcare-associated infections, which,according tothe WorldHealthOrganization (WHO), affect 1.4 million people annually. Biofilms are involved in 80% of all microbial infections in the body, including those associated with medical devices suchascatheters,endotrachealtubes,joint prosthesesand heartvalves. Biofilms are also the principal causes of infections of the middle ear, dental caries, gingivitis, prostatitis and cystic fibrosis. Importantly, biofilms also significantly delay wound healing and reduce antimicrobial efficiency in at-risk or infected skin wounds. Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control outlines the scientific evidence and rationale for the prevention of biofilms infection; the role biofilms playininfectioncontrolandtheissuesconcerningtheirresistancetoantimicrobials. This book provides practical guidance for healthcare and infection control profes- sionals, as well as students, for preventing and controlling infection. The study of biofilms and the diagnosis of bacterial biofilm-associated human diseases have undergone change over the years. Formal testing for biofilm using quantitativequalitativetestsisnowonlyavailableinacademicinstitutionswhereit serves as the standard methods of diagnosing bacterial biofilm infections. In practical terms, the establishment of diagnosis in bacterial biofilm infections has moved from quantitative and qualitative tests followed by scanning electron microscopic analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction testing. These changes provide a new understanding of the diseases that cause biofilm infections, as well as necessitating changes in the way we approach the constellation of dis- orders that are caused by bacterial biofilm. The tradition of expertise in the study of biofilms and preventions has been handed down. It is highly appropriate that this textbook is edited by Dr. Sunil Kumar and co-editors, who are one of the foremost researchers in this present generation and has continued the study of biofilm and human diseases associated with it. The book, through contributions by experts in the field, comprehensively v vi Foreword reviews the clinical features; etiology, histopathology, diagnosis and management of different biofilm-associated human diseases review some specific disorders that are of current significance. It will provide a valuable resource to all practicing clinicians and microbiologists. Barabanki, India Dr. Sunil Kumar Preface A bacterial biofilm is a complex community of bacteria attached to each other, or associated with a surface or interface, and encased in extracellular polymeric sub- stance (EPS). The composition of the EPS is complex and may contain polysac- charides, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids and metals. The EPS provides the ‘house’ ofthe biofilm, givingtheresiding microorganismsasafe havenfrom theeffects of hostimmunityoradministeredantimicrobials.Bacteriawithinthebacterialbiofilm can be responsible for causing and prolonging infection and human disease. Bacterial biofilm infections are, in general, healthcare-related, including those associated with the use of medical devices such as urinary and central venous catheters, endotracheal tubes and orthopedic prostheses. Other bacterial biofilm- relatedinfectionsareprostatitisandthoseofchronicwounds.Manyoftheinfections are of growing significance because they are related to the ever-increasing aging population.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionreportthat*70%ofall human healthcare-associated infections originate from bacterial biofilms. Itismoreimportanttoknowthatthebacteriawithinthebiofilmaresignificantly more tolerant of antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts. This antimicrobial tolerance by biofilms can be 1000-fold higher than the susceptibility of free-floating or planktonic bacteria. Consequently, bacterial biofilms pose a significantchallengetopatientsinbothhospitalandcommunityhealthcaresettings. Addressing the prevention and control of biofilms will dramatically help in decreasinginfectionrates,patientmorbidityandmortality.Thisinturnwillreduce the escalating costs of bacterial biofilm-related infections faced by the healthcare profession. Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control is the first book that deals specifically with the fundamentals of infection control and biofilms in healthcare. The book is divided into 19 chapters; it begins by describing the bio- filmsanditstypeinChap.1.Thischapterintroducesthereadertobiofilmformation and its role in human diseases and discusses the basic principles of biofilm. Rest of the other chapters address the challenges facing healthcare providers—infection prevention, hand hygiene, decontamination and the significance of changing practices in healthcare and introduce readers to infections associated with invasive devices and wounds. vii viii Preface Thisbookfocusesclearlyontheareaofbiofilmsandtheproblemstheyposeto humans. Subsequent chapters offer extensive reviews on biofilms health diseases, biofilms of medical devices, antimicrobials, microbial resistance and biofilms and theirassociationwithurethralandcentralvenouscatheters.Thefinalchaptercovers biofilms and its control using probiotics. Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control provides biologists, med- icalpersonnel,healthcareworkers,infectioncontrolprofessionals,microbiologists, aswellasstudentsandacademics,withapractical texttosupportclinical practice. It will help healthcare workers understand the evidence base and rationale for biofilm infection prevention in an easy-to-follow format. This book is multi- formatted,withsomechaptersprovidinghealthcarepracticetocombatbiofilmsand others presenting information on specific biofilm-related infections. Overall, this book will provide its readers with a comprehensive, concise and informative text that highlights the significance of biofilms in infection control and the urgent need to prevent their formation. This is an area that is frequently overlooked and neglected in modern medical and healthcare education. Barabanki, India Dr. Sunil Kumar Acknowledgements Dr.SunilKumar,thanksShriRamswaroopMemorialUniversity,Barabanki, UttarPradesh,Indiaforprovidingfinancialandinfrastructuresupportformakingthisbookproject successful.SpecialthankstoHigherEducationCommissionofPakistanNRPUprojects7954and 7964.FurtherthankstoPakistanScienceFoundationProjectPSF/Res/CP/C-CUI/Envr(151). Contents 1 An Introduction to Microbial Biofilm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sunil Kumar, Ankita Srivastava and Saumya Rastogi 2 Biofilms: The Good and the Bad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Suresh K. Yadav and Somali Sanyal 3 Biofilms in Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Surojeet Das, Shivani Singh, Monica Steffi Matchado, Aashna Srivastava and Akash Bajpai 4 The Role of Biofilm in Originating, Mediating, and Proliferating Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Amresh Kumar Singh, Vivek Gaur and Anand Kumar Maurya 5 Modern Methods in Microscopy for the Assessment of Biofilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Manodeep Sen and Pushpa Yadav 6 Molecular Methods for the Assessment of Microbial Biofilms. . . . . 71 Amresh Kumar Singh and Vivek Gaur 7 Biofilm-Mediated Dental Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Seema Dubey, Shirish Dubey, Ajay Gupta and Vikash Sharma 8 Biofilm-Mediated Diseases of the Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Pragati Garg, Rajiv Garg and Priyanka Raj 9 Biofilm-Mediated Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) . . . 127 M. Ravi Sankar, M. Arulalan and Amit K. Keshri 10 Biofilm-Mediated Diseases of the Heart and Lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Surojeet Das 11 The Role of Biofilms in Medical Devices and Implants. . . . . . . . . . 151 Ankita Srivastava, Niharika Chandra and Sunil Kumar ix x Contents 12 Biofilm-mediated Gastrointestinal Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Satish K. Nayak 13 Biofilm-Mediated Urinary Tract Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Jyotsna Agarwal and Shruti Radera 14 Biofilm-Mediated Skin Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Amresh Kumar Singh, Vivek Gaur and Santosh Kumar Singh 15 Approaches Towards Microbial Biofilm Disruption by Natural Bioactive Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Rolee Sharma, Preeti Bajpai, Uzma Sayyed and Iffat Zareen Ahmad 16 Probiotics and Biofilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Kushan Sengupta and Piramaayagam Paramasivan 17 Probiotics to Counteract Biofilm-Associated Infections. . . . . . . . . . 273 Suchitra Kumari Panigrahy and Awanish Kumar 18 Biofilm and Antimicrobial Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Vineeta Mittal 19 Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) by Probiotics Biofilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Alok Kumar, Swasti Tiwari and Amit Goel
The list of books you might like
