Bioethics, Medicine and the Criminal Law Volume 1, The Criminal Law and Bioethical Conflict: Walking the Tightrope PDF
Preview Bioethics, Medicine and the Criminal Law Volume 1, The Criminal Law and Bioethical Conflict: Walking the Tightrope
Bioethics, Medicine and the Criminal Law Volume 1 Whoshoulddefinewhatconstitutesethicalandlawfulmedicalpractice? Judges? Doctors? Scientists? Or someone else entirely? This volume analyseshoweffectivelycriminallawoperatesasaforumforresolving ethicalconflictinthedeliveryofhealthcare.Itaddresseskeyquestions, suchas:Howdoescriminallawregulatecontroversialbioethicalareas? What effect, positive or negative, does the use of criminal law have when regulating bioethical conflict? And can the law accommodate moralcontroversy?Byexploringcriminallawintheoryandinpractice andexaminingthebroadfieldofbioethicsasopposedtothenarrower terrain of medical ethics, it offers balanced arguments that will help readersformreasonedviewsontheethicallegitimacyoftheinvocation anduseofcriminallawtoregulatemedicalandscientificpracticeand bioethicalissues. amel alghrani is a Lecturer in Family Law at the University of Manchester. rebecca bennett isaSeniorLecturerinBioethicsattheUniversity ofManchester. suzanne ost isProfessorofLawatLancasterUniversity. Cambridge Bioethics and Law ThisseriesofbookswasfoundedbyCambridgeUniversityPresswithAlexander McCall Smith as its first editor in 2003. It focuses on the law’s complex and troubledrelationshipwithmedicineacrossboththedevelopedandthedevelop- ing world. Since the early 1990s, we have seen in many countries increasing resort to the courts by dissatisfied patients and a growing use of the courts to attempt to resolve intractable ethical dilemmas. At the same time, legislatures across the world have struggled to address the questions posed by both the successesandthefailuresofmodernmedicine,whileinternationalorganisations suchasWHOandUNESCOnowregularlyaddressissuesofmedicallaw. Itfollowsthatwewouldexpect ethicalandpolicyquestionstobeintegralto theanalysisofthelegalissuesdiscussedinthisseries.Theseriesrespondstothe highprofileofmedicallawinuniversities,inlegalandmedicalpractice,aswellas in public and political affairs. We seek to reflect the evidence that many major health-relatedpolicydebatesintheUK,Europeandtheinternationalcommu- nity involve a strong medical law dimension. With that in mind, we seek to address how legal analysis might have a trans-jurisdictional and international relevance. Organ retention, embryonic stem cell research, physician-assisted suicideandtheallocationofresourcestofundhealthcarearebutafewexamples among many. The emphasis of this series is thus on matters of public concern and/orpracticalsignificance.Welookforbooksthatcouldmakeadifferenceto thedevelopmentofmedicallawandenhancetheroleofmedico-legaldebatein policycircles.Thatisnottosaythatwelackinterestintheimportanttheoretical dimensions of the subject, but we aim to ensure that theoretical debate is groundedintherealitiesofhowthelawdoesandshouldinteractwithmedicine andhealthcare. SeriesEditors ProfessorMargaretBrazier, UniversityofManchester ProfessorGraemeLaurie, UniversityofEdinburgh ProfessorRichardAshcroft, QueenMary,UniversityofLondon ProfessorEricM.Meslin, IndianaUniversity Booksintheseries MarcusRadetzki,MarianRadetzki,NiklasJuth GenesandInsurance:Ethical,LegalandEconomicIssues RuthMacklin DoubleStandardsinMedicalResearchinDevelopingCountries DonnaDickenson PropertyintheBody:FeministPerspectives MattiHäyry,RuthChadwick,VilhjálmurÁrnason,GardarÁrnason TheEthicsandGovernanceofHumanGeneticDatabases:European Perspectives KenMason TheTroubledPregnancy:LegalWrongsandRightsinReproduction DanielSperling PosthumousInterests:LegalandEthicalPerspectives KeithSyrett Law,LegitimacyandtheRationingofHealthCare AlastairMaclean Autonomy,InformedConsentandtheLaw:ARelationalChange HeatherWiddows,CarolineMullen TheGovernanceofGeneticInformation:WhoDecides? DavidPrice HumanTissueinTransplantationandResearch MattiHäyry RationalityandtheGeneticChallenge:MakingPeopleBetter? MaryDonnelly HealthcareDecision-MakingandtheLaw:Autonomy,Capacityandthe LimitsofLiberalism Anne-MareeFarrell,DavidPriceandMuireannQuigley OrganShortage:Ethics,LawandPragmatism SaraFovargue XenotransplantationandRisk:RegulatingaDevelopingBiotechnology JohnCoggon WhatMakesHealthPublic?:ACriticalEvaluationofMoral,Legal, andPoliticalClaimsinPublicHealth MarkTaylor GeneticDataandtheLaw:ACriticalPerspectiveonPrivacyProtection Anne-MareeFarrell ThePoliticsofBlood:Ethics,InnovationandtheRegulationofRisk StephenSmith End-of-LifeDecisionsinMedicalCare:PrinciplesandPoliciesforRegulating theDyingProcess MichaelParker EthicalProblemsandGeneticsPractice WilliamW.Lowrance Privacy,Confidentiality,andHealthResearch AmelAlghrani,RebeccaBennettandSuzanneOst Bioethics,MedicineandtheCriminalLawVolumeI:TheCriminalLaw andBioethicalConflict:WalkingtheTightrope Bioethics, Medicine and the Criminal Law Volume I The Criminal Law and Bioethical Conflict: Walking the Tightrope Edited by Amel Alghrani, Rebecca Bennett and Suzanne Ost cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaby CambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107025127 #CambridgeUniversityPress2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedandiboundiintheUnitedKingdombyitheMPGiBooksiGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Bioethics,medicine,andthecriminallaw:thecriminallawandbioethical conflict:walkingthetightrope/[editedby]AmelAlghrani,RebeccaBennett, SuzanneOst. p.cm.–(Cambridgebioethicsandlaw) ISBN978-1-107-02512-7(Hardback) 1. Geneticengineering–Lawandlegislation–Criminalprovisions. 2. Medicalgenetics–Lawandlegislation–Criminalprovisions. 3. Biotechnology–Lawandlegislation–Criminalprovisions. 4. Bioethics. I. Alghrani,Amel. II. Bennett,Rebecca. III. Ost,Suzanne. K3611.G46B532012 344.03021–dc23 2012017169 ISBN978-1-107-02512-7Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents List of contributors pageix Foreword:MarkHedley xiv Acknowledgements xvi 1. Introduction: When criminal lawencountersbioethics: acase of tensions andincompatibilities or an apt forum for resolving ethical conflict? 1 amel alghrani, rebecca bennett and suzanne ost PartI Death,dying and thecriminal law 13 2. Euthanasiaandassisted suicide should, when properly performed by adoctor in an appropriate case, be decriminalised 15 john griffiths 3. Fiveflawed arguments for decriminalising euthanasia 30 john keown 4. Euthanasiaexcused: between prohibition and permission 49 richard huxtable PartII Freedomandautonomy:whenconsentisnotenough 69 5. BodyIntegrityIdentity Disorder:aproblem of perception? 71 robert c. smith 6. Riskysexand‘manlydiversions’: contours of consent in HIV transmissionand rough horseplaycases 88 david gurnham 7. ‘Consensual’sexualactivitybetweendoctors andpatients: amatter for the criminal law? 102 suzanne ost and hazel biggs vii viii Contents Part III Criminalising biomedical science 119 8. ‘Scientistsin the dock’: regulating science 121 amel alghrani and sarah chan 9. Bioethical conflictand developing biotechnologies: is protecting individualandpublic health from the risks of xenotransplantation amatter for the (criminal) law? 140 sara fovargue 10. The criminal lawand enhancement: none of the law’s business? 157 nishat hyder and john harris 11. Dignity as asocially constructed value 175 stephen w. smith Part IV Bioethics and criminal lawinthe dock 189 12. Can Englishlawaccommodate moral controversy in medicine? Lessons from abortion 191 margaret brazier 13. The case for decriminalising abortion in Northern Ireland 203 marie fox 14. The impactof the loss of deference towardsthe medical profession 220 josØ miola 15. Criminalising medical negligence 236 david archard 16. All to the good?Criminality,politics, and public health 251 john coggon 17. Moral controversy, human rights andthe common lawjudge 265 brenda hale Index 279 Contributors amel alghrani is a Lecturer in Family Law in the School of Law, Universityof Manchester.She studied law as an undergraduate and went on to qualify as a barrister in 2003, having been awarded the Yarborough Anderson Benefactors and Scholarship Award. She previouslyworkedintheGeneralMedicalCouncil,butlefttopursue her interest in medical law and family law. She completed a Master’s degree in Healthcare Ethics & Law(Universityof Manchester) anda PhD under the supervision of Professors Margaret Brazier and John Harris. david archard is Professor of Philosophy, Queen’s University, Belfast. He is the author of several books, and numerous chapters and articles in political, legal and applied moral philosophy. A member of the Editorial Boards of the Journal of Applied Philo- sophy,ResPublicaandContemporaryPoliticalTheory,hehasalsobeen Honorary Chair of the Society for Applied Philosophy. Since November 2005 he has been a member of the Human Fertilisation andEmbryologyAuthority,andDeputyChairofitsEthicsandLaw Advisory Committee. rebecca bennett isaSeniorLecturerattheUniversityofManchester. Shehastaughtbioethicsforeighteenyearsandhaspublishedwidelyon diverse bioethical issues, including antenatal HIV testing, assisted reproductive technologies, responsibility in pregnancy, the role of public consultations in ethics and law and the possibility of ethical compromise. hazel biggs is a Professor of Law in the School of Law at the University of Southampton. She received her first degree from the University of Kent after working for several years as a radiographer andultrasonographerintheNationalHealthService.HerPhDthesis examinedlegalandethicalaspectsofeuthanasia,andformedthebasis of her first book, Euthanasia, Death with Dignity and the Law (2001). ix
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