Bioelectrochemistry III: Charge Separation Across Biomembranes

330 Pages·1990·8.31 MB·English

by  R. Hedrich

Bioelectrochemistry 111
Charge Separation
Across Biomembranes
ETTORE MAJORANA
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES
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Antonino Zichichi
European Physical Society
Geneva, Switzerland
(PHYSICAL SCIENCES)
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Volume 51 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY 111: Charge Separation
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Bioelectrochem istry 111
Charge Separation
Across Biomembranes
Edited by
G. Milazzo
Bioelectrochemical Society
Rome,ltaly
and
M. Blank
College 01 Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University
New York, New York
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library 01 Congress Cataloging in Publication Oata
International School 01 Biophysics (19th: 1988: Erice, Italy)
Bioelectrochemistry 111: charge separation across biomembranes / edited by G.
Milazzo and M. Blank.
p. cm.-(Ettore Majorana international science series. Physical sciences; v.
51 )
"Proceedings 01 the Nineteenth Course 01 the International School 01 Biophysics,
Bioelectrochemistry III-Charge separation across biomembranes, held November
3-13, 1988, in Erice, Italy"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical relerences.
Includes index.
1. Membranes (Biology)-Congresses. 2. Ion channels-Congresses. 3. Biological
transport, Active-Congresses. 4. Bioelectrochemistry-Congresses. I. Milazzo,
Giulio. 11. Blank, Martin, date. 111. Title. IV. Series.
[ONLM: 1. Biochemistry-congresses. 2. Biological Transport-congresses. 3. Cell
Membrane-metabolism-congresses. 4. Electrochemistry-congresses. OH 634.5
161 b 1988]
OH601.152 1988
574.87'5-dc20
ONLM/OLC 90-7463
lor Library 01 Congress CIP
ISBN 978-1-4757-9461-8 ISBN 978-1-4757-9459-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9459-5
Bioelectrochemistry I: Biological Redox Reactions edited by G. Milazzo and
Martin Blank (Plenum Press: 1983) was published as Volume 11 in Ettore Majorana
International Science Series-Lile SCiences, which has since been discontinued.
Proceedings 01 the Nineteenth Course of the International School
01 Biophysics, Bioelectrochemistry III-Charge Separation Across
Biomembranes, held November 3-13, 1988, in Erice, Italy
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1990.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any lorm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission lrom the Publisher
PREFACE
This book contains aseries of review papers related to the lectures given at the Third
Course on Bioelectrochemistry held at Erice in November 1988, in the framework of the
International School of Biophysics.
The topics covered by this course, "Charge Separation Across Biomembranes, " deal
with the electrochemical aspects of some basic phenomena in biological systems, such as
transport of ions, ATP synthesis, formation and maintenance of ionic and protonic
gradients. In the first part of the course some preliminary lectures introduce the students
to the most basic phenomena and technical aspects of membrane bioelectrochemistry.
The remaining part of the course is devoted to the description of a selected group of
membrane-enzyme systems, capable of promoting, or exploiting, the processes of
separation of electrically charged entities (electrons or ions) across the membrane barrier.
These systems are systematically discussed both from a structural and functional point of
view.
The effort of the many distinguished lecturers who contributed to the course is
aimed at offering a unifying treatement of the electrogenic systems operating in biological
membranes, underlying the fundamental differences in the molecular mechanisms of
charge translocation.
As is usual in multiauthored books, a certain lack of homogeneity in length and
depth of each subtheme is also present here, but the abundance of quoted papers and
reviews at the end of every chapter should be helpful to reader~ wishing ro deepen their
understanding of the topics treated.
CONTENTS
Symbols and acronyms ................................................ IX
Molecular mechanism of ion transport: new insights by patch-clamp studies
R. HEDRlCH, W. STÜHMER and B.U. KELLER... .................. ..... 1
Protein translocation across biological membranes
F-U. HARTL .................................................... 15
Electrical currents induced by ion pumps on black lipid membranes
E. BAMBERG and K. FENDLER ...................................... 35
The measurement of surface potentials and transmembrane potentials in cells and
organelles
H. ROTIENBERG ................................................ 55
Factors controlling the ion conductance of channels
M. COLOMBINI .................................................. 75
Molecular aspects of the neuro transmission by the acetylcholine receptor systems
E. NEUMANN .................................................... 99
Cytochrome c oxidase structure
R. BISSON ...................................................... 125
Bacteriorhodopsin structure and function
L. KESZTHEL VI .................................................. 177
The metals of cytochrome c oxidase and their role in the kinetics of electron
transfer and proton pumping
F. MALATESTA, G. ANTONINI, P. SARTI and M. BRUNORl ................ 213
Mechanism of Ca2+ translocation as studied by the use of detergent-solubilized
and membrane preparation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ci+ -ATPase
J.
M0LLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ................... 231
The structure of the ATP-synthase from chloroplasts
P. GRÄBER, B. BÖTICHER and E.G. BOEKEMA ........................ 247
Kinetics of proton-transport coupled ATP synthesis in chloroplasts
P. GRÄBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Charge effects in electromagnetic stimulation of biosynthesis
M. BLANK and R. GOODMAN ...................................... 311
Participants ........................................................ 325
Index. ..... .... ..... .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 335
SYMBOLS AND ACRONYMS
For the sake of consistency and to ensure immediate understanding, the symbols of
the most frequently occurring quantities and the acronyms of the organic chemicals are
collected here. Consulting this list, attention must be given to the following points:
1. Qnly the most common symbols are included. Some, only seldom used, are not
included to avoid confusion. Their meaning is given in the text.
2. Since the number of all quantities symbolized in chemistry, physics, biology, etc., and
officially accepted by the corresponding International Unions, even using different
characters (roman, boldface, italic, etc.) is remarkably larger than the number of
available letters, it occurs that the use of the same symbols for different quantities
becomes sometimes unavoidable, and was accepted by the International Unions (for
example the symbol G for the free enthalpy and for the electric conductance, or the
symbol A for the area and for the optical absorbance). But the quantity to be correctly
considered unambiguously results from the text.
Latin alphabet
L. . ] concentration of the species Bgt (Btx) bungarotoxin
(mol/ dm3) BLM bilayer membrane, black lipid
A absorbance, area, membrane
preexponential factor BR bacteriorhodopsin
A ampere C capacitance
a activity C coulomb
a.c. alternating current °C CELSIUS degree
AcCh acetyl choline c concentration
AcChR acetyl choline receptor centi
ADP adenosine diphosphate cyt cytochrome
ANS anilino-naphthalene sulphonate F farad
a.p. action potential F F ARADA y' S constant
ATP adenosine triphosphate J(. .. ) function of...
X
f femto m.w. molecular weight
FCCP carbonylcyanide - p - trifluoro- N,n number of...
- methoxy - phenyl hydrazone N newton
FPLC fast protein liquid NEM N - methyl maleinimide
chromatography n.m.r. nuclear magnetic resonance
FTIR FOURIER transformed infrared P permeability
spectroscopy p pico
G free enthalpy (GIBBS free p.a.g.e. polyacryl amide gel
energy); conductance electrophoresis
GTP general insertion protein PEP processing enhancing protein
H enthalpy PERS protein electric response signal
h.p.l.c. high performance liquid p.i.x.e. proton induced X ray emission
chromatography pm purpie membrane
HR halorhodopsin Q electric charge
Hz hertz R electric resistance, gas constant
I current intensity; light intensity r radius
i.c.p.a.e.s inductively coupled plasma RNA ribonucleic acid
atomic emission spectroscopy RR resonance Raman
I.R. infrared S siemens
J joule s second
j current density sa! (subscript) saturated
Km MICHAELIS MENTEN constant SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
K KELVIN degree SKL serine - lysine - leucine
k BOLTZMANN constant, rate SR sarcoplasmic reticulum; sensory
constant rhodopsin
19 logarithm, decadic SRP signal recognition particle
In logarithm, natural SV slow vacuolar
LDAO dodecyldimethyl amine T KELVIN temperature
M concentration (mol/ dm3, ! time
molar) TEMED tetramethylethylene diamine
m meter, milli TMPD tetramethyl-p - phenylene
m.c.d. magnetic circular dichroism diamine
MES morpholino - ethane sulfonic TPMP+ triphenylmethyl phosphonium
acid TPP+ tetraphenyl phosphonium
min minute U electric potential difference
MIT monoiodotyrosine UV ultraviolet
MOPS N - morpholino - propane V volt
sulfonic acid v velocity, reaction rate
MPP mitochondrial processing VDAC voltage dependent anion
peptidase channel
XI
W watt ~ zeta potential
e
w weight angle
z ionic charge A wavelength
!l dipole moment
ii electrochemical potential
Greek alphabet Q resistivi ty
~ sum
a polarizability 1: time (as special quantity)
~ difference <I> internal electric potential
E dielectric constant
CODES FOR AMINO ACIDS
Three - letter One -letter
Amino acid abbreviation symbol
Alanine Ala A
Arginine Arg R
Asparagine Asn N
Aspartic acid Asp D
Cysteine Cys C
Glutamine GIn Q
Glutamic acid Glu E
Glycine Gly G
Histidine His H
Isoleucine He I
Leucine Leu L
Lysine Lys K
Methionine Met M
Phenylalanine Phe F
Proline Pro P
Serine Ser S
Threonine Thr T
Tryptophan Trp W
Tyrosine Tyr Y
Valine Val V