biodiversity of fish species along wadge bank, south india 2016

177 Pages·2017·3.41 MB·English

BIODIVERSITY OF FISH SPECIES ALONG
WADGE BANK, SOUTH INDIA

Thesis submitted in part fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Master of Fisheries Science in Fisheries Resource Management
to the Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam

K.KARUPPASAMY, B.F.Sc.
I.D.No. MFT 14042 (FRM)

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES BIOLOGY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SCHOOL OF FISHERIES RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
FISHERIES COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
TAMIL NADU FISHERIES UNIVERSITY
THOOTHUKUDI- 628 008

2016
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Biodiversity of fish species along
Wadge Bank, South India”, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Fisheries Science in Fisheries Resource Management
to the Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam is a record of bonafide
research work carried out by Mr. K. KARUPPASAMY under my guidance and that
no part of this thesis has been submitted for the award of any other degree,
diploma, fellowship or similar titles or prizes and that part of thesis has been
published in peer reviewed journal(s) and copy / copies appended.

Place : Thoothukudi (Dr. S. DAVID KINGSTON)
Date : CHAIRMAN

RECOMMENDED
Place :
Date :
EXTERNAL EXAMINER

APPROVED BY

Chairman : Dr. S. DAVID KINGSTON

Members : 1. Dr. P. JAWAHAR

2. Dr. S. AANAND

Place : Thoothukudi
Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to the
Chairman of Advisory Committee, Dr. S. David kingston, Professor and Head, Fisheries
Training and Research Institute, Parakkai, Kanyakumari District, for his invaluable
guidance, constant support, encouragement, for providing facilities and for the precious
time he spared throughout my research work
I am very much grateful to my Advisory Committee Members Dr. P. Jawahar
Professor and Head (In-charge), Fisheries Biology and Resource Management and, Dr.
S. Aanand, Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries Environment for their eager
interest, constructive ideas, valuable suggestions and help rendered throughout the period
of study.
I sincerely thank Dr. G. Sugumar, Dean, Fisheries College and Research
Institute, Thoothukudi for the encouragement and facilities provided by him.
I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. V. K. Venkataramani, Emeritus
professor, KUFOS, for his immense help and suggestions rendered at various
stages of the research.
I am extremely thankful to Mr. N. Jayakumar Assistant Professor
Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource management for his help in various
stages during my study.
I owe my sincere thanks to, Mr. S. Santhoshkumar Assistant Professor, College
of Fisheries Engineering, Nagapattinam for extending a helping hand for the completion
of the thesis.

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Dr. A. Katirvelpandian, Scientist, NBFGR, help in sample collection and
providing valuable suggestion during DNA sequence analysis.
I am extremely thankful to Mr. L. Ranjith, Scientist, CMFRI, for his immense
help and suggestions rendered at various stages of the research like data analysis
and fish identification
I sincerely thank Mr. R. Kumaresan and Mrs. Ezhil Rani for their help in literature
collection for providing valuable suggestion during literature collection.
I am very much grateful to Dr. Kalidas, Scientist CMFRI, Miss. Kavitha, Scientist,
CMFRI, Mr. Anix vivek santhiya, Ph.D scholar, Mr. A. Ponsaravana Kannan, Inspector
of Fisheries, Mr. Saravanan, Assistant Technical Manager, RGCA, Mr. Vijay sundar
deva, Ph.D Scholar, CIFE Mumbai, Mr. Mohalekar, Ph.D Scholar, Mr. Subburaj Ph. D
scholar, Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research
Institute, Thoothukudi.
My heartfelt thanks are due to Mr.Sunil, Attender, Parakkai, Mr.Raja, helper,
Parakkai, Mrs. Vasanthakumari and Suresh, security, FTRC, Parakkai. I wish to thank
Mrs. Prema, Attendant, Mr. Isakki Durai casual labours.
My special thanks are due to Miss. Vidhya, Miss. Beryl julinta and family,
Mr. Karthick, Mr.Santhanakumar, Mr.Sivagurunathan, Mr. Kaviarasu, Mr.
Arun Prasad, Mr, Antony raj, Mr. Kandharam, Mr. Petchimuthu, Mr. Prateek,
Amala shajeeva and Rathipriya for their endless support to throughout my
research.
I am very much grateful to Mr. Sudhan, Mr. Tamil selvan,
Mr.Senguttuvan, Mr. Vengatesan, Mr. Moulitharan, Mr. Sudhagar, Mr.Subash,
Mr.Arulmanova, Mr. Paul Natanial, Mr.Gokul, Mr.Nethaji and Mr.Kaviin for my
research work.
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I acknowledge Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam for the TNFU
Merit Scholarship.
I gratefully acknowledge the moral support and continuous encouragement
from my parents, and sisters during the period of study.
I wish to express my sincere and heartfelt thanks to everyone who have
helped me in various occasions during my study period.

(K.KARUPPASAMY)

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ABSTRACT

1. Title : Biodiversity of fish species along Wadge
Bank, South India
2. Name : K.KARUPPASAMY
3. Degree : M. F. Sc in Fisheries Resource Management
4. Chairman : Dr. S. David Kingston
5. Department : Department of Fisheries Biology and
Resource Management
6. School Fisheries resources and Environment
Management
6. College : Fisheries Training and Research Centre,
Parakkai.
7. Year and : 2016, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University.
University

This study was undertaken to document the marine ichthyofaunal diversity and
their abundance along Wadge Bank to understand their current status. Fish specimens
were collected fortnightly during June 2015 to May 2016 from Chinnamuttom, Colachel
and Vizhinjam landing centres of Wadge Bank along Southeast coast and west coast of
India. A total of 12,575 samples were encountered during the study period and the number
of species identified were 425, belonging to 20 orders and 95 families from three landing
centre of Wadge Bank. Order wise Perciformes contributes 60% of the species
composition (256 species) followed by Tetraodontiformes contributing 6.6%, Beloniformes
(0.5%), Anguiliformes (0.7%), Laminiformes (0.7%), Orectalobiformes
(0.7%),Sygnathiformes (0.9%), Siluriformes (1.2%), Rajiformes (1.2%)Chaimaeraformes
(0.2%), Squaliformes (0.2%), Torpenidiformes (0.2%) and Zeiformes (0.2%) contributing
one species each. Among the 95 families represented during the study period, the family
Serranidae was found to be dominant with 30 species.
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The highest Shannon Weiner diversity (H’ value) was observed at Colachel (7.46)
followed by Chinnamuttom (7.30) and Vizhinjam (7.11). The highest Margalef’s species
richness (‘d’) value was assessed at Colachel landing centre (32.43) followed by
Chinnamuttom (30.74) and Vizhinjam (22.35). The Pielou’s evenness (J’) estimated at
different seasons which falls in the range of 0.839 to 0.898, 0.818 to 0.856 and 0.859 to
0.881 for Chinnamuttom, Colachal and Vizhinjam. The highest taxonomic diversity value
was observed at Colachel (69.98) during summer season and the lowest at Vizhinjam
landing centre (63.28) during pre-monsoon season. Among the three landing centres
studied, the total phylogenetic diversity (sPhi+) was found to be the lowest at Vizhinjam
(9600) during Pre-monsoon season and highest at Colachel landing centre (14680) during
post-monsoon season. Bray Curtis similarities measure among the fish communities
separated the landing centres into several clusters based on seasons. For stock
assessment, length frequency data were collected at fortnightly intervals for studying the
length-weight relationship, growth patterns, recruitment pattern, fishing pressure and
MSY, using the FiSAT computer software. The annual catch of Lethrinus lentjan and
Nemipterus bipunctatus showed year round occurrence at Wadge Bank. The estimated
life span of L. lentjan and N. bipunctatus were 9 years and 4 years respectively. The
estimated total instantaneous mortality (Z) of L. lentjan and N. bipunctatus were 1.41 and
2.20 respectively. Recruitment of L. lentjan and N. bipunctatus was recorded throughout
the year with two peaks. The Virtual Population Analysis revealed that fishing pressure
was low during the below the length group of 19 cm for L. lentjan. For N. bipunctatus
natural mortality was low upto 16 cm. Based on the relationship between exploitation ratio
and yield per recruit of L. lentjan, it could be inferred that this species is slightly less
exploited and the present level of effort should be increased by 4.78%. In the case of N.
bipunctatus, the present exploitation should be decreased upto 0.80% with the f as
msy
47167 boat days.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter Page
Title
No. No.
1.
Map showing important fishing grounds of Wadge Bank, South India. 33
2. Order percentage composition in Wadge Bank, South India. 44
3. Dendrogram showing similarities between three landing centres based on
44
the composition of fish species collected.
4. Dendrogram showing similarities between the landing centres and

seasons based on the composition of fish species collected at three 45

landing centres of Wadge Bank
5. Dendrogrom showing similarities between seasons based on the
45
composition of fish species collected at Chinnamuttom Landing Centre.
6. Dendrogrom showing similarities between seasons based on the
46
composition of fish species collected at Colachel Landing Centre.
7. Dendrogrom showing similarities between seasons based on the
46
composition of fish species collected at Vizhinjam Landing Centre.
8.
Bray-Curtis similarities index on Square root transformed fish species
47
datafrom three landing centres of Wadge Bank, South India.

9. K-Dominance plot among three Landing Centres in Wadge Bank, South
47
India.
10. K-Dominance plot among different Landing Centres and Seasons in
Wadge Bank, South India. 48

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11. K-Dominance plot among different seasons at Chinnamuttom Landing 48

Centre
12. K-Dominance plot among different seasons at Colachel Landing Centre 49
13. K-Dominance plot among different seasons at Vizhinjam. 49
14. K-Dominance plot for species abundance during the study period (Total 50
month wise) in Wadge Bank, South India
15. K-Dominance plot for species abundance during the study period (Total 50

season wise) in Wadge Bank, South India
16. Fitted 95% probability contours of average taxonomic distinctness (delta+) 51

and variation in taxonomic distinctness (lambda+), showing statistically
significant
17. The 95% confidence funnel for average taxonomic distinctness index (∆+) 51
showing the diversity of fishes in different landing centres and its deviation

from the normal distribution deviation in fish diversity between the landing
centres.
18. Length – weight relationship of L. lentjan 56
19. Length – weight relationship of N. bipunctatus 56
20. Progression of modes of various cohorts of L. lentjan 57
21. Progression of modes of various cohorts of N. bipunctatus 57
22. Von Bertalanffy’s Growth function plot of L. lentjan 58
23. Von Bertalanffy’s Growth function plot of N. bipunctatus 58
24. Growth curve of L. lentjan 59
25. Growth curve of N. bipunctatus 60
26. Length based catch curve of L. lentjan 60
27. Length based catch curve of N. bipunctatus 61
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28. Recruitment pattern of L. lentjan 61
29. R ecruitment pattern of N. bipunctatus 62
30. Length structured Virtual Population Analysis of L. lentjan 62
31. Length structured Virtual Population Analysis of N. bipunctatus 63
32. Yield isopleths of L. lentjan 64
33. Yield isopleths of N. bipunctatus 64

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