Biodiversity Conservation &Utilization of Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants

376 Pages·2014·7.49 MB·English

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ISBN 81 -86872 10 -8
Biodiversity
Conservation &Utilization of
Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants
Editors
B. Sasikumar
B.Krishnamoorhty
J. Rema
P.N. Ravindran
K.V. Peter
Proceedings of the Golden Jubilee National Symposium
on Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants -
Biodiversity, Conservation and Utilization
10-12 August 1998 Calicut
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ICA.
Indian Institute of Spices Research,
Calicut -673 012
Kerala , India
Published by
Director,
Indian Institute of Spices Research.
Calicut, 673012
Kerala, India.
Edilors
B. Sasikumar
B.Krishnamoorthy
1. Rema
P.N. Ravindran
K.V. Peter
Cover
A. Sudhakaran & 13.Sasikumar
Citation
Sasikurnar .B, Krishnarnoorhty. B, Rerna. J, Ravindran
P.N, and PeteLK.V, (Eds.) 1999 . Biodiversity,
Conservation & Utilization of Spices, Medicinal &
Aromatic Plants. Indian Institute of Spices Research,
Calicut, Kerala
December 1999
Printed at
Prem eel a Press
Calicut
Phone: 722 889
Tel: Off, 91-11·3382534
Res. 91·11-6241196
¥ Fax 91·11-3382534/338729j
Telex 031·62249ICAR·IN
E-Mail spg@lcardelhi_nkin
......
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ICAR
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DR. S. P. GHOSH ~ ~ ~·11" ·'1
Dy. Director General INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEAfiCH
(Horticulture I I(nshi Shawan, Dr Ralendra Prasad Road, New Oelhi· 110001
December 27, 1999
FOREWORD
India has very rich diversity of spices, medicinal and aromatic plants.
Indian spices occupied a unique position in Western as well as continental
cuisine. Our traditional medical system of Ayurveda has been well recognised
throughout the world.
India is the center of origin and diversity for major spices like black pepper
and cardamom; a major center of diversity and an important production center for
ginger, turmeric and seed spices. Black pepper, long pepper and ginger are
also used as important ingredients in many Ayurvedic preparations. Over
exploitation and the destruction of forest wealth is leading to the depletion of
these medicinal plants in natural habitat and many may be on the brink of
extinction. Often we may not even aware of the extent of threat to the medicinal
plant wealth, and we do not know which one is endangered or which one is going
to become extinct. Again plants such as neem, Phyllanthus amarus, Gymnema,
turmeric etc. shot into international fame recently due to the changed
international scenario on intellectual property right on genetic resou'ces and
foreign companies bagged patents on them.
In order to effectively counter any attempt of biopirllcy of valuable
germplasm of spices, medicinal and aromatic plants of India, the first and
foremost step needed is stock taking of our assets. Accurate documentation and
identification of biodiversity of spices, medicinal and aromatic plants will definitely
be the important step in this direction.
This publication, "Biodiversity, Conservation and Utilization of Spices,
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants" forms the proceedings of the National
Symposium on Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Biodiversity,
Conservation and Utilization, organized by the Indian Institute of Spices
Research in collaboration with Indian Society for Spices at Calicut during 10-12
August, 1999. I am sure, that the publication will be very useful to all those who
are involved in R&D activities and policy planning and farming of these groups of
plants. I compliment the IISR and ISS for organizing this timely Symposium and
for bringing out the proceedings timely. I compliment the editors for the good
work dc..'lc.
l .
, .I .
:7.{ I ... · ;,~t\
(S.P. GHOSH)
Dy. Director General(Hort.)
PREFACE
Realising the importance and relevance of biodiversity of spices, medicinal
and aranUllie plants in the light of WTO conditions and regulations, the Indian
Institute a/Spices Research has organised a Golden Jubilee National Symposium
with the focal theme 011 Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic plants - Biodiversity,
Conservation & Utilization at Calicut during 10-12 August, 1998 ill collaboration
with the Indian Council ofA gricultural Research (/cAR), New Delhi, The Sympo
sium was co-sponsored by the Indian Society for Spices, Calicut.
This publication 'Biodiversity, Conservation and Utilization ofS pices, Medici
nal and Aromatic Plants' is the proceedings aftJre above National Symposium. A
total of 50 papers presented in the Symposium covering four technical sessions,
viz., i) Biodiversity of spices and their conservation ii) Biodiversity of medicinal
and aromatic plants and their conservation iii) Ethnohotany, ethnomedicine and
folk medicines and iv) Development, futurology and intellectual property riglzts,
are included in this proceedings. Two panel discussions were also held during the
Symposium.
The editors are grateful to tlze Indian Council ofA gricultural Research (ICAR)
New Delhi and the Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut for organising the
above Symposium. We are also gra!efu.! 10 Dr. S P Ghosh, Dy. Director General
(Hart.), ICAR, New Delhi, for kindly writing the foreword for the publication,
Thanks are also due to Dr, S. Edison, Director, Central Tuber Crops Research
Institute, Thiruvananthpuram, the then Preside11t oft he Indian Society for Spices,
Calicut, for his keen interest in the Symposium lInd the Indiall Society for Spices.
We also acknowledge the financial assistance given by Mis Aryavaidyasala,
Kottakal; Mis ehemind Chemicals, Calicut, Sri. Ravi, C.S. Scientific Instruments,
Chellnai; Mis Krishna Agellcies, Calicut; Mis Towa Optics, Madras; Sa veer, New
Delhi and State Bank of India, Calicut. Filially the editors earnestly request to
bear with/or any inadvertent act of omission.
The editors express their appreciation to Mis Premeela PreSS, Calicutfor bring
ing out the proceedings ill an attractive form.
Editors
CONTENTS
1. Presidential address i -iv
2. Inaugural address v - vii
3. Indian national plant genetic resources 'system (IN -PGRS) I - IS
PL Gaillam & S, Kochhar
4. Genetic diversity of major spices and their conservation in India 16 -44
P.N. Rav;"drall
5. III vitro approaches for conservation and exchange of spices germplasm 45 -53
K. NimUl/ Sahu. S.P. Catha, D. MilWo. K. Rajalakshmi,
P. Girija. P.N. Ravindran & K. V. Peter
6. Genetic resources and conservation of black pepper 54 -61
K. V. Saji, Jolmson K. George. B. Sasikllmar, K. Nirmal Babu, P.N. Rovindran
7. Genetic variability and adaptation to moisture stress in black pepper 62 - 67
germplasm accessions
K.S. Krishnamurthy, S.J. Alike Gowda & K. V. Saji
8. Genetic resources and diversity of cardamom 68 -72
KJ. Madhusoodanan, V. V. Radhakrisl1l1QII & K.M. Kuruvilla
9. Biodiversity and conservation of cardamom (Elellaria cardamomum Maton) 73 - 78
K. Padmifli, M.N. Veflugopal & V.S. Korikalllltimatlt
10. Biodiversity of chillies in India and its utilisation 79 -81
S.J. Palii, R.C. Jagadeesha & S. Simsal
11. Genetic diversity in chilli (Capsicum a"'tUum L.) germplasm 82 -84
S. Sirasal, S.J. Palil & R. C. Jagadeesfta
12. Variation in 'Byadagi' chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) 85 -87
R. C. Jagadees/ta, S.T. Prablw & P.K. Basavaraja
13. Variability in paprika (Capsicum anl1uum L.) germplasm 88 -90
A. Alllt, K. Nirmal Hablt, Pol,. Mathew & K. V. Peler
14. Identification of resistance sources against thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) 91 - 95
and mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) in chilli
(Capsicum alllluum L) germplasm
S. T. Prabhu & R. C. Jagadeeslta
i i
15. Genetic resources of ginger (Zingiber officillale Rose.) and its 96 - 100
conservation in India
n. Sasiklllllar, K. V. Sa)i, P.N. /?av;fldrall & K. V. Peter
16. Genetic resources of turmeric and its relatives in India 101 - 109
K.C Velayudlwll, K.I. Asha, S.K klithal & P.L Gauralll
17. Genetic variation in turmeric germ plasm of Kondhamal District of Orissa 110-113
N. Dikshil, B.S. Dahas & P.L Gal/lalll
18. Eva1uation and select\on for yield in turmeric 114 - liS
N. ChedliyalJ, T. T/wligaraj, Iv!. Vija_vakIlJJJar, !vI. Mo/wllalhhmi & A. Rall/(/r
19. Variation for quality components in ginger and turmeric and their interaction 116-120
with environments
T. John Zachariah. B.Sa.<;ikwnar & K. Nirll1a{ Ba!m
20. Tree spices - biodiversity, conservation and utilization 121 - 130
B. Kris/Illamoorfhy. 1. Rona & PA. Malhcl1.'
21. Genetic resources of C{I/'cillia species at NBPGR Regional Station. 131 - 133
Trissur. Kerata, India
Z. Abraham, SK. Milhal & P.L. Gmtlll11l
22. Strategy for conservation and availability of medicinal plants 134-139
K.C Dalal, P.P. Joshi, K.lvlandal & P.u. Pam/it
23. Bioconservation: Concern and strategy for medicinal and aromatic plants 140-149
J.R. Sizarma
24. Local capacities in con::-.ervation and development for enhancing genetic 150 -152
diversity of medicinal plaJl(s
K. Kader Mohideell & K. Sekar
25. Diversity, distribution, uses and conservHtion of mediclilal plants in the 153 -200
north western Himalayas
J.e. Rana, B.D. Sharma & P.L. Gmt/afl/
26. A note on conservation of economically important 201 - 207
Zingiberaceae of Sikkim Himalaya
S. KUl1Iar
27. Endemic, rare, endangered and threatened ml~dicil1al plants 208 -211
of Peechi forests in Kerala
N. Mini Raj & E. V. N\'bc
111
28. Ecology of the medicinal flora of Tiger Falls in Tamil Nadu 212 - 215
V. Jayabarm!zi
29. Flora of Dcviar beat of Rajapalayam town of Tamil Nadu with special 216 - 218
emphasis on medicinal plants
A. Thallgaraj, M. Raphael Arokiarl(j & V. Ganesl1n
30. Diversity and collection of germplasm of spices. medicinal, aromatic and 219 -228
dye yielding plants from Andhra Pradesh, South India
S.R. Pandravada & N. Sil'araj
31. Anatomical variations in four species of Ocimum 229 - 233
Lisymol J. Vadllkkoot & K. T PraslIIIII"kumari
32. Genetic variability in palma rosa (CYl1lbopogon martini var. motia) 234 - 236
D.P. Sil1f.:h, T.P. Singh, A.L Yadav, CM. Ojha, J. Prasad & P.N. Yadav
33. Conservation of Termillalia chebula germplasm 237 - 240
71wkur Salljeev, S.D. Badi_valtl & N.K. Sharmll
34. Conservation strategies for indigenous Vilis and related genera of
importance in traditional medicine 241 -246
S. Galleshan
35. Ethnomedicines practiced by the 'Malayans' of Peechi forests in Kerala 247 -251
N. Mini Raj & E V. Nybe
36. Some folk remedies for common ailments in Tamil Nadu 252 -257
A. Saraswathy
37. Herbal folk remedies for skin diseases in Tamil Nadu 258 - 261
Sasikafa Ethirajulu & S. lhlllOlI Ali
38. A study on the plants in folk medicine of Srivilliputhur tal uk of Tamil Nadu 262 - 264
c.
V. Jayabarathi & Jallaka Kumari
39. Ethnomedical information on some pteridophytes of the Western Ghats 265 - 268
P1 Mathew, Mathew Dan, CM. UnnitluJil & f'. PushplllIgadan
40. Immunomodulating medicinal plants in folk medicine of Goa, India 269 - 273
M. V. C. Achllr.va & K. KUPPflrajan
41. Medicinal use of spices for skin care in Unani medicine 274 - 281
A. Latif & S.Z Rahman
42. Medicinal value of everyday spices 282 -285
SalUhosh MehlllJli
iv
43. Scientific evaluation of seeds of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. ~ 286 - 290
a Unnni medicine
A. I.Lmf, S.H Afaq & S.Z Rahman
44. Antifertility properties of Cleome ~'iscosa L. -a common folklore plal'lt 291 -295
SliSWl ThoI)Jas, S. Jo,'" &. M.M. Alam
45. Identity of crude drug -Hypericum pClforatum L. 296 -302
H.B. Singh
46. Chemical examination of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. 303 -305
raised on saline alkali soil
A. R. Chowdhury
47. Scientific appraisal of 'Chaksini' (Peristrophe bicalyclliata Nees.) 306 -312
- A lesser known drug of Unani system of medicine
M. Sadrulllonda, Tajuddill & S.11. Afaq
48. Curcuma caesill Roxb., a promising plant -retrospects and prospects 313-314
K. Aslwk Pal1d{>y & R.ll. Lal
49. Use of medicinal plants for management of bacterial blight in rice. 315 - 321
and bacterial wilt of tomato in Assam
L. C. Bom & Jaya Samuel
50. Plant wealth of India: Economic dimensions of patenting and 322 -333
plant varieties protection
A. Damodaran
51. Spices development programmes with a futuristic outlook 334 - 340
Koshy John
52. Garlic development in India -Role of NIlRDF 341 - 344
Lallan Singh & KJ Sril'd!it(l\'a
53. Flavours and fragrances ill national economy-today and tom morrow 345 -350
D.P. Singh
54. Panel Discussion 351 - 352
55. Plenary Session 353
Author Index