Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics PDF
Preview Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics
Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics Edited by Emo Chiellini Roberto Solaro and University 0/ Pisa Pisa, Italy Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World Conference on Biodegradable Polymers & Plastics (7th: 2002 : Tirrenia, Italy) Biodegrable polymers and plastics / edited by Emo Chiellini, Roberto Solaro. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-4854-2 ISBN 978-1-4419-9240-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9240-6 I. Polymers--Biodegradation--Congresses. 2. Biodegradable plastics--Congresses. 3. Plastic scrap--Congresses. I. Chiellini, Emo. 11. Solaro, Roberto IIl. Title. QP80l.P64W672002 668.4'192--dc22 2003058934 Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Biodegradable Polymers & Plastics organized by the European Degradable Polymer Society in conjunction with the Bioenvironmental Polymer Society and the Biodegradable Plastics Society, under the auspices of ICS-UNIDO (Italy) and INSTM Consortium (Italy) and under the patronage of IUPAC-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (USA) and Ministero deli' Ambiente edella Tutela dei Territorio (Italy), held on June 4-8, 2002, in Terrenia (Pisa), Italy. ISBN 978-1-4613-4854-2 ©2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic I Plenum Publishers, New York in 2003 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 2003 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 A C.LP. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of heing entered and executed on a computer system, for exc\usive use by the purchaser of the work. Permissions for books published in Europe: [email protected] Permissions for books published in the United States of America: [email protected] Preface Synthetic and semi-synthetic polymeric materials were originally developed for their durability and resistance to all forms of degradation including biodegradation. Special performance characteristics are achieved in items derived therefrom through the control and maintenance of their molecular weight and functionality duringthe processing and under service conditions. Polymeric materials were and are currently widely accepted because oftheir ease of processability and amenability to provide a large variety of cost effective items that help enhancing the comfort and quality of life in the modem industrial society. The widespread utilization of plastics in various mercantile segments that makethepolymeric materialssoconvenientanduseful tothe human life, has contributed however to create a serious plastic waste burden, sometimes unfairly oversized bymedia because ofthevisible dispersion ofplastic litter inthe environmentandtheheavycontribution to landfill depletion dueto the unfavorableweight tovolumeratioofplasticitems. On the other hand, the expectations in the 21st century for polymeric material demand are in favor of 2 to 3 fold production increase in the next couple of decades, thus overcoming the world-wide annual production of paper asa consequence ofthe increase ofplastic consumption indeveloping countries and countries in transition. Indeed, the magnitude ofthe indicated jump ofplastic consumption with respect tothe present annual level of2-15 kg pro-capita can be easily envisaged for those countries once they will approach the living standards of industrialized countries with an annual average consumptionpro-capita of 100kg. v vi Preface The design, production and consumption of polymeric materials for commodity and specialty plastic items have certainly to face all the constraintsand regulationsalreadyinplace orto be issuedinthenear future, dealing with the management of primary and post-consume plastic waste. Therefore, the formulation of environmentally sound degradable polymeric materials and relevant plasticitemswill constitute a keyoption amongthose availableforthe managementofplasticwaste. In this connection the 7thWorld Conference on "Biodegradable Polymers & Plastics"held inTirrenia (Pisa)-ItalyinJune2002, asrenamedcontinuation of the series of six former International Scientific Workshops on Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics started in 1989, was focused on the followingtopics andissuescomprising: • Environmentally DegradablePolymericMaterials (EDPs) • Water-soluble/Swellable BiodegradablePolymers • EDPsfromRenewableResources • Biopolymers • Bioresorbable MaterialsforBiomedicalApplications • Biorelated Polymers • StandardsandRegulationsonEDPs. The building of a common understanding background for a more rational utilization ofresources in the fabrication and consumption of plastic items andin approaching issuesboundto plasticwaste management, consitute one of the major goal of the Conference. In order to avoid misuse of some fundamental concepts and for a fair appreciation of EDPs, it is useful to provide some general definitionsthat has been amply debated and basically acceptedona ground ofcommonconsensus. Fundamentalconcepts andprovision of general guidelines aimed at meeting the sustainability criteria of the modem industrial development constitute a focal point of the Conference. Polymeric materials and plastics deriving from fossil and renewable feedstocks, meeting the environmental degradability and biodegradability criteria, were considered in relation to their specific segments of applications including commodity and specialty areas. The present book comprises some of the major contributions given at the Conference. For conveniencethey have been grouped in four sections even though they have a common backbone encompassing the synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials meant to be qualified as environmentally compatible and degradable with ultimate propensity to biodegradation. The Editors Emo Chielliniand RobertoSolaro Acknowledgements The Editors wish to acknowledge the continuous and tireless dedication providedby Ms Maria G. Viola who managed to transform all contributions into a camera-ready format and to handle all the correspondence with the authors to the present volume as well as with the publisher's contact person, MsJoanna Lawrence. The sponsorship provided by the following Institutions and Companies is also gratefully acknowledged: IUPAC-Intemational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University ofPisa, Kedrion SpA, Novamont SpA, EPI Environmental Plastics Inc., Rheometric Scientific Italy, Belotti Strumenti Srl,MettlerToledoItaly, andIdroplast SrI. vii Contributors ABEHIDEKI,DepartmentofInnovative andEngineeredMaterialsandtheSORST Groupof Japan Science andTechnologyCorporation(JST),Tokyo InstituteofTechnology,4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502,Japan,andPolymerChemistryLaboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1Hirosawa, Wako-shi,Saitama 351-0198, Japan ASANO YASUHIRO,DepartmentofApplied Physics andChemistry, FukuiUniversity of Technology,Fukui,Japan BARBAUD CHRISTEL,LRP,UMR7581,CNRS,Universite Paris 12-ValdeMarne,2/8 rueHenryDunant94320Thias, France BILLINGHAMNORMAN C.,DepartmentofChemistry, University ofSussex, Brighton, BN19QJ, UKandEP1(Europe) Ltd.,Unit7,Dunston Place,DustonRoad, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, S418NL,UK BOESELLUCIANO F.,DepartmentofPolymerEngineering,University ofMinho, Campus deAzurem, 4800-058 -Guimaraes,Portugal BONORAMICHELA,CibaSpecialty ChemicalsSpA,viaPila6/3,1-40044Sasso Marconi, Italy CHEN GUO-QIANG,DepartmentofBiological Scienceand Biotechnology,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China CHIELLINIEMO, DepartmentofChemistry & Industrial Chemistry, University ofPisa,via Risorgimento35,56126Pisa,Italy CHIELLINIFEDERICA,DepartmentofChemistry& Industrial Chemistry,Universityof Pisa,viaRisorgimento35,56126 Pisa CINELLIPATRIZIA,DepartmentofChemistry&Industrial Chemistry,UniversityofPisa, viaRisorgimento35,56126Pisa CONNORERICF.,IBMAlmaden research Center, SanJose,California95120(USA) CORTI ANDREA,DepartmentofChemistry & Industrial Chemistry,University ofPisa,via Risorgimento35-56126 Pisa,Italy CRISTIANOFEDELE,DepartmentofChemistry& Industrial Chemistry, University ofPisa, viaRisorgimento35-56126 Pisa,Italy DE CORTE DAVID, CibaSpecialty Chemicals, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland DEGLI INNOCENTIFRANCESCO,Novamont SpA,viaFauser8,1-28100Novara ix x Contributors DIMAIOERNESTO,InstituteofCompositeMaterialsTechnology(ITMC-CNR)& DepartmentofMaterialsandProductionEngineering, UniversityofNaples"Federico II", PiazzaleTecchio 80,80125Naples,Italy DIYINGWEYW.,Institute ofCompositeMaterialsTechnology(lTMC-CNR)& DepartmentofMaterialsandProductionEngineering, University ofNaples "Federico II", PiazzaleTecchio 80,80125Naples, Italy DIJKSTRAPIETERJ.,DepartmentofChemical Technology,University ofTwente,P.O. Box217,7500AEEnschede,TheNetherlands DOl YOSHIHARU,DepartmentofInnovativeandEngineeredMaterials andthe SORST GroupofJapan Science andTechnologyCorporation(JST),Tokyo Institute of Technology,4259Nagatsuta,Midori-ku,Yokohama226-8502, Japan,andPolymer Chemistry Laboratory,RIKEN Institute, 2-1Hirosawa,Wako-shi,Saitama351-0198, Japan DUBOIS PHILIPPE,LaboratoryofPolymericandCompositeMaterials, UniversityofMons Hainaut, 20Place duPare, 7000Mons,Belgium ELVIRA CARLOS,InstituteofScience andTechnologyofPolymers, CSIC, c/Juandela Cierva, 3,28006, Madrid,Spain FEIJEN JAN,DepartmentofChemicalTechnology,UniversityofTwente,P.O.Box2I7, 7500AEEnschede,TheNetherlands GANZHIHUA, DepartmentofInnovativeandEngineeredMaterialsandthe SORST Group ofJapan Science andTechnologyCorporation(JST),Tokyo InstituteofTechnology,4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku,Yokohama226-8502,Japan GLAUSERT.,IBMAlmadenresearch Center, SanJose,California95120(USA) GUERIN PHILIPPE, LRP,UMR7581,CNRS, Universite Paris 12-ValdeMarne,2/8rue HenryDunant94320 Thias, France HATAKEYAMAHYOE, DepartmentofApplied Physics andChemistry, FukuiUniversityof Technology,Fukui,Japan HATAKE!,AMATATSUKO,DepartmentofTextile Science,Otsuma Women'sUniversity, Tokyo, Japan HEDRICKJAMES L.,IBMAlmaden research Center, SanJose,California95120(USA) HIGOSACHIKO, BiodegradablePlasticsSociety,Grande bldg.,26-9,Hatchobori 2Chome, Chuo-ku,Tokyo 104-0032Japan HOSHINOAKlRA,BiodegradablePlasticsSociety,Grande bldg.,26-9,Hatchobori 2 Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0032Japan HUANG SAMUEL J.,Institute ofMaterialsScience,UniversityofConnecticut,Storrs, Connecticut06269-3136,USA IANNACESALVATORE,InstituteofCompositeMaterialsTechnology(lTMC-CNR)& DepartmentofMaterialsandProductionEngineering,UniversityofNaples"Federico II", PiazzaleTecchio 80,80125Naples, Italy ILIEVA IVANOVAVASSILKA,DepartmentofChemistry&Industrial Chemistry, University ofPisa,viaRisorgimento35,56126Pisa 1MSEOUNG SOON, DepartmentofTextile & PolymerEngineering,Hanyang University,17 Haengdang-Dong,Seongdong-Gu,Seoul,133-791,Korea ITOMICHIO,BiodegradablePlastics Society,Grande bldg.,26-9,Hatchobori2Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0032Japan KIMSOOHYUN,BiomaterialsResearchCenter, Korea Institute ofScience andTechnology, P.O.Box 131,Gheongryang,Seoul, 130-650Korea KIMYOUNG HA,BiomaterialsResearch Center,Korea InstituteofScience and Technology,P.O.Box 131,Gheongryang,Seoul, 130-650Korea Contributors Xl KOBERSTEINJEFFREYT.,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandApplied Chemistry, ColumbiaUniveristy,500West 120Street,New York,USA KUWABARA KAZUHIRO,PolymerChemistryLaboratory,RIKEN Institute, 2-IHirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan LANGLOISVALERIE,LRP,UMR 7581,CNRS, Universite Paris 12-ValdeMarne, 2/8 rueHenry Dunant94320Thias,France LEE SOOHONG,BiomaterialsResearch Center, KoreaInstitute ofScience andTechnology, P.O.Box 13I,Gheongryang,Seoul, 130-650Korea LIYAN, KaufertLaboratory,University ofMinnesota,2004Folwell Avenue,St.Paul,MN, USA LIPSPRISCILLAA.M.,DepartmentofChemical Technology, University ofTwente,P.O. Box2I7,7500AEEnschede,TheNetherlands MANO roxoF.,DepartmentofPolymerEngineering,UniversityofMinho, Campus de Azurern,4800-058-Guimaraes, Portugal, and3B'sResearch Group,UniversityofMinho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057,Braga,Portugal MARECHALFREDDY,APMETechnical& EnvironmentalCentre MENSITIERIGIUSEPPE,InstituteofCompositeMaterialsTechnology(lTMC-CNR)& DepartmentofMaterialsandProductionEngineering,UniversityofNaples"FedericoII", PiazzaleTecchio80,80125Naples, Italy MIERTUSSTANISLAV,InternationalCentre forScience andHighTechnologyofthe UnitedNationsIndustrial DevelopmentOrganization(lCS-UNIDO),AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste,Italy MIZUTANIAKIKO, BiodegradablePlastics Society, Grande bldg.,26-9,Hatchobori2 Chome,Chuo-ku,Tokyo 104-0032Japan MOCK ANDREAS, IBMAlmaden research Center,SanJose,California95120(USA) MOMOCHIMASANORI,BiodegradablePlastics Society, Grande bldg.,26-9,Hatchobori2 Chome,Chuo-ku,Tokyo 104-0032Japan NICOLAIS LUIGI, Institute ofCompositeMaterialsTechnology(lTMC-CNR)& DepartmentofMaterialsandProductionEngineering,UniversityofNaples"Federico II", PiazzaleTecchio80,80125Naples, Italy NYCE GREGORY W.,IBMAlmaden research Center, SanJose, California95120(USA) PACK11WON, BiomaterialsResearch Center,Korea InstituteofScience andTechnology, P.O.Box I3I,Gheongryang,Seoul, 130-650Korea PARK JUNWUK, DepartmentofTextile& PolymerEngineering,Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu,Seoul, 133-791,Korea PATEL MARTIN, DepartmentofScience,Technologyand Society,Utrecht University, Padualaan 14,3584CH Utrech,TheNetherlands PAUL MARIE-AMELIE,LaboratoryofPolymericandCompositeMaterials,Universityof Mons-Hainaut,20Place duPare,7000Mons, Belgium POLLETERIC, LaboratoryofPolymericandCompositeMaterials, UniversityofMons Hainaut, 20Place duPare,7000 Mons,Belgium REISRUIL.,DepartmentofPolymerEngineering, UniversityofMinho,CampusdeAzurem, 4800-058 -Guimaraes,Portugal, and3B'sResearch Group,UniversityofMinho, Campus deGualtar, 4710-057,Braga, Portugal RENXIN,InternationalCentre forScienceandHighTechnologyoftheUnited Nations Industrial DevelopmentOrganization(ICS-UNIDO),AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy RENARD ESTELLE,LRP,UMR7581,CNRS, UniversiteParis 12-ValdeMarne, 2/8rue Henry Dunant94320 Thias, France RESKE JORAN, INTERSEROHGmbH,Stollwerckstr.94,D-51149KeHn, Germany Xll Contributors SANROMAN JULIO, InstituteofScience andTechnologyofPolymers, CSIC,c/Juandela Cierva, 3,28006, Madrid, Spain SARKANENSIMO, KaufertLaboratory, UniversityofMinnesota,2004Folwell Avenue, St. Paul,MN,USA SAWADA HIDEO, BiodegradablePlastics Society, Grandebldg.,26-9,Hatchobori 2 Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0032Japan SCOTT GERALD,Aston University,Birmingham,UK SIGNORI FRANCESCA,DepartmentofChemistry& IndustrialChemistry,University of Pisa,viaRisorgimento35,56126Pisa,Italy SMITH DAWNA., Institute ofMaterialsScience, University ofConnecticut,Storrs, Connecticut06269-3136,USA SOLARO ROBERTO, DepartmentofChemistry& Industrial Chemistry,University ofPisa, viaRisorgimento35,56126 Pisa,Italy SWIFT GRAHAM,GSPolymerConsultants, 1078Eastchurch, Chapel Hill,North Carolina 27517, USA TAKAKUWAKYOHEI, BiodegradablePlasticsSociety,Grande bldg.,26-9,Hatchobori2 Chome,Chuo-ku,Tokyo 104-0032Japan TSUJI MASAO,BiodegradablePlastics Society,Grandebldg.,26-9, Hatchobori 2Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0032 Japan UEMATSU SHOGO,School ofPharmaceuticalSciences,UniversityofShizuoka,52-I, Yada, Shizuoka-shi422-8526,Japan
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