Biochemical Spectroscopy

851 Pages·1995·17.293 MB·English

by  Kenneth Sauer (Eds.)

Contributors to Volume 246
elcitrA srebmun era ni parentheses gniwollof the seman of .srotubirtnoc
snoitailiffA listed era .tnerruc
ROBERT H. AUSTIN (7), Department of DANIEL R. GAMELIN (5), Department of
Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, Chemistry, Stanford University, Stan-
New Jersey 44580 ford, California 50349
GARY W. BRUDVlG (22), Department of ELLEN GOLDMAN (29), Curagen Corpora-
Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, tion, Branford, Connecticut 50460
Connecticut 11560
DONALD M. GRAY (3), Department of Mo-
PETER S. BRZOVI~ (8), Department of Bio- lecular and Cell Biology, University of
chemistry, University of Washington, Se-
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 38057
attle, Washington 59189
BRIAN M. HOFFMANN (23), Department of
THERESE M. COTTON (28), Department of
Chemistry, Northwestern University,
Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames,
Evanston, Illinois 80206
Iowa 11005
ROMAN S. CZERNUSZEWlCZ (18), Depart- ALFRED R. HOLZWARTH (14), Max-Planck-
Institut for Radiation Chemistry, 07454-D
ment of Chemistry, University of Hous-
Miilheim/Ruhr, Germany
ton, Houston, Texas 40277
VICTORIA J. DEROSE (23), Department of Su-Hwl HUNG (3), Department of Molecu-
Chemistry, Northwestern University, lar and Cell Biology, University of Texas
Evanston, Illinois 80206 at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 38057
SIMON DELAGRAVE (29), Department of Bi- DAVID M. JAMESON (12), Department of
ology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
Massachusetts 43220 of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medi-
SHAOJUN DONG (28), Laboratory of Electro- cine, Honolulu, Hawaii 22869
analytical Chemistry, Changchun Insti- KENNETH H. JOHNSON (3), Baylor College
tute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Acad- of Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
emy of Sciences, Changchun ,220031 The Woodlands, Texas 18377
China
JAMES R. KINCAID (19), Department of
MICHAEL F. DUNN (8), Department of -DiB
Chemistry, Marquette University, Mil-
chemistry, University of California, Riv-
waukee, Wisconsin 33235
erside, Riverside, California 12529
MARTIN L. KIRK (5), Department of Chem-
SHYAMSUNDER ERRAMILLI (7), Department
istry, Stanford University, Stanford, Cali-
of Physics, Princeton University, Prince-
fornia 50349
ton, New Jersey 44580
WAYNE R. FIORI (24), Department of Chem- MELVIN P. KLEIN (21), Structural Biology
istry, Sinsheimer Laboratories, Univer- Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
sity of California, Santa Cruz, Santa University of California, Berkeley, Berke-
Cruz, California 46059 ley, California 02749
JOSEF FRIEDRICH (10), Physikalisches Insti- SUE LEURGANS (27), Department of Preven-
rut, Universitdt Bayreuth, D-95440 Bay- tive Medicine, Rush Medical College,
reuth, Germany Chicago, Illinois 21606
ix
X CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 246
AUGUST H. MAKI (25), Department of Radiation Biology, University of Frei-
Chemistry, University of California, burg, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany
Davis, Davis, California 61659 DRAWDE .1 NOMOLOS (5), Department of
DRAHCIR A. MATHIES (16), Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stan-
Chemistry, University of California, ford, California 50349
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 SAMOHT G. SPIRO (18), Department of
NAHBOIS M. MIICK (24), Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Prince-
Chemistry, Sinsheimer Laboratories, ton, New Jersey 08544
University of California, Santa Cruz, WALTER S. STRUVE (11), Ames Labora-
Santa Cruz, California 95064 tory-United States Department of En-
GLENN L. MILLHAUSER (24), Department of ergy, and Department of Chemistry, Iowa
Chemistry, Sinsheimer Laboratories, State University, Ames, Iowa 11005
University of California, Santa Cruz, JOHN C. SUTHERLAND (6), Department of
Santa Cruz, California 95064 Biology, Brookhaven National Labora-
JIANJUN NIU (28), Laboratory of Electroan- tory, Upton, New York 37911
alytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute OICANGI TINOCO, JR. (2), Department of
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy Chemistry and Chemical Biodynamics
of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China Laboratory, University of California,
RENRAW L. SALOCITEP (17), Department of Berkeley, Berkeley, California 02749
Chemistry, University of Oregon, TREBREH NAV NEGNOREMA (9, 11), Depart-
Eugene, Oregon 30479 ment of Physics and Astronomy, Free
ENIBAS PULVER (5), Department of Chemis- University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Am-
try, Stanford University, Stanford, Cali- sterdam, The Netherlands
fornia 50349 RIENK NAV ELLEDNORG (9), Department of
TREBOR T. ROSS (27), Department of -DiB Physics and Astronomy, Free University
chemistry, Ohio State University, Colum- of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
bus, Ohio 43210 Netherlands
KENNETH SAUER (1), Department of Chem- ALAN RENOGGAW (15), Department of Bio-
istry, and Structural Biology Division, La- logical Sciences, and Center for Light Mi-
wrence Berkeley Laboratory, University croscope Imaging and Biotechnology,
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Califor- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
nia 02749 Pennsylvania 31251
MAILLIW H. SAWYER (12), Russell TREBOR W. YDOOW (4), Department of Bio-
Grimwade School of Biochemistry, Uni- chemistry and Molecular Biology, Colo-
versity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria rado State University, Fort Collins, Colo-
3052, Australia rado 80523
HUGO SCHEER (30), Botanisches Institut der VITTAL K. ARDNAHCAY (26), Structural Bi-
Universitiit Miinchen, D-80683 Miinchen, ology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Labo-
Germany ratory, University of California, Berkeley,
PAUL R. SELVIN (13), StructuralBiology Di- Berkeley, California 94720
vision, Calvin Laboratory, Lawrence MARY M. YANG (29), KAIROS Inc., San
Berkeley Laboratory, and Department of Jose, California 63159
Chemistry, University of California, SALGUOD C. YOUVAN (29), PaiD Alto Insti-
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 tute of Molecular Medicine, Mountain
F. SIEBERT (20), Institute of Biophysics and View, California 34049
Preface
The use of spectroscopic methods to examine biomolecules has a long
and rich history. Such methods have the virtue of being largely noninva-
sive and capable of probing living materials as well as subcellular prepara-
tions and isolated biomolecules. The information gained is interpretable in
terms of structural parameters and intramolecular interactions. Using
time-resolved approaches, dynamics can be explored readily over a time
range from less than a picosecond to seconds and longer. This permits
ready exploration of intermolecular interactions and intramolecular mo-
tion relevant to biological processes.
Advances in technology and methodology in spectroscopy have
moved the field forward at a breathtaking pace in recent years. We have
come a long way from the era when cytochrome oxidation state changes
were monitored visually using a hand spectroscope or when absorption
spectrometry was done using photographic detection. In this volume the
reader can learn about instrumentation that uses diode array detectors to
monitor absorption or emission spectral properties with great precision at
hundreds of wavelengths simultaneously or Fourier transform methods
that provide a significant increase in the efficiency of collecting and ana-
lyzing spectroscopic information distributed over a wide wavelength
band. Mode-locked lasers and associated pulse-compression and contin-
uum-generation techniques allow pulse-probe measurements of fast (to l0
fsec = l0 4~- sec) absorption changes or fluorescence relaxation in the
picosecond regime. Single-photon counting methods have greatly im-
proved the signal-to-noise of optical detection systems for steady-state
spectroscopy and especially for time-resolved fluorescence measure-
ments. Pulsed lasers have advanced the application of time-resolved Ra-
man spectroscopy and the ability to discriminate between Raman and
fluorescence signals. In combination with the use of ultralow tempera-
tures, intense monochromatic laser sources can be used in hole-burning
experiments to probe chromophore local environments and the modes by
which the chromophores interact with their surroundings. Computation
intensive methods, such as Fourier transform infrared, electron spin echo
(ESE), pulsed electron nuclear doable resonance (ENDOR), and digital
imaging optical spectroscopy, have provided entirely new approaches to
data collection and processing. Major developments in radiation sources,
such as synchrotrons, have opened entirely new areas of investigation,
including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and extended X-ray ab-
sorption fine structure (EXAFS). The reader will find descriptions and
examples of each of these new methodologies in the chapters that follow,
ix
xii ECAFERP
The audience for this volume includes the current generation of gradu-
ate students and professional scientists involved in biological or biochem-
ical studies seeking an introduction to modern spectroscopic methods and
instrumentation. To help the interested reader develop a deeper back-
ground and understanding of these methodologies and approaches, the
authors of the individual chapters have cited general references and pub-
lished reviews of the individual topics.
The chapters fall into major sections covering optical spectroscopy,
vibrational spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray
spectroscopy. Areas such as nuclear magnetic resonance which have
been described extensively in recent volumes of this series have not been
included. A general overview of the contents of this volume and examples
of problems or situations to which the different approaches have been
applied are described in the first chapter.
I am indebted to many of my colleagues and students who have of-
fered suggestions, have read and provided valuable comments on many of
the contributed chapters, and have helped with the assembly of this vol-
ume. In particular, I wish to thank several Berkeley colleagues, including
Judith Klinman who was instrumental in initiating this project. Ignacio
Tinoco, Richard Mathies, and Melvin P. Klein have not only written
comprehensive overviews of the broader spectroscopic fields, but have
also reviewed the contributed chapters included in each section. Very
helpful insights for several chapters were provided by Joy Andrews, Mar-
tin Debreczeny, and Mary Talbot, based on their perspective as graduate
students in my research group. It is my hope that this volume will be
informative and beneficial to them and to their contemporaries and suc-
cessors in research laboratories throughout the scientific community.
HTENNEK REUAS
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EMULOV I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. CoLowIcr DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited yb SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued)
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
Edited yb SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV VII. Cumulative Subject Index
Edited yb SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
EMULOV VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited yb ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA VICTOR GRUBSNIG
VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited yb WILLIS A. WOOD
EMULOV X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited yb RONALD W. KOORBATSE DNA MAYNARD E. PULLMAN
VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited yb C. H. W. HIRS
EMULOV XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)
Edited yb LAWRENCE GROSSMAN DNA KIVIE MOLDAVE
EMULOV XIII. Citric Acid Cycle
Edited yb J. M. NIETSNEWOL
VOLUME XIV. Lipids
Edited yb J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XV. Steroids and Terpenoids
Edited yb DNOMYAR B. NOTYALC
EMULOV XVI. Fast Reactions
Edited yb KUSTIN KENNETH
iiix
xiv SDOHTEM NI YGOLOMYZNE
EMULOV XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and B)
Edited by TREBREH ROBAT DNA WHITE CELIA ROBAT
EMULOV XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C)
Edited by DLANOD B. McCoRMICK DNA LEUMEL D. THGIRW
EMULOV XIX. Proteolytic Enzymes
Edited by EDURTREG E. NNAMLREP DNA OLZSAL DNAROL
EMULOV XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part )C
Edited by KIVIE EVADLOM DNA ECNERWAL NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXI. Nucleic Acids (Part D)
Edited by ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques
Edited by B. WILLIAM YBOKAJ
EMULOV XXIII. Photosynthesis (Part A)
Edited by YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV XXIV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B)
Edited by YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part B)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C)
Edited by C. H. W. Hms DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV XXVII. Enzyme Structure (Part D)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV XXVIII. Complex Carbohydrates (Part B)
Edited by ROTCIV GRUBSNIG
EMULOV XXIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part E)
Edited by ECNERWAL DNA NAMSSORG KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV XXX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part F)
Edited by KIVIE EVADLOM DNA ECNERWAL NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXXI. Biomembranes (Part A)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV XXXII. Biomembranes (Part B)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV XXXIII. Cumulative Subject Index Volumes I-XXX
Edited by AHTRAM G. DENNIS DNA DRAWDE A. SINNED
EMULOV XXXIV. Affinity Techniques (Enzyme Purification: Part B)
Edited by WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ DNA MEIR KEHCLIW
EMULOV XXXV. Lipids (Part B)
Edited by JOHN i. NIETSNEWOL
SDOHTEM NI YGOLOMYZNE VX
EMULOV XXXVI. Hormone Action (Part A: Steroid Hormones)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
EMULOV XXXVII. Hormone Action (Part B: Peptide Hormones)
Edited yb BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
EMULOV XXXVIII. Hormone Action (Part C: Cyclic Nucleotides)
Edited yb JOEL G. NAMDRAH DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
EMULOV XXXlX. Hormone Action (Part D: Isolated Cells, Tissues, and Organ
Systems)
Edited yb JOEL G. NAMDRAH DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
EMULOV XL. Hormone Action (Part E: Nuclear Structure and Function)
Edited yb BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
EMULOV XLI. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part B)
Edited by W. A. DOOW
EMULOV XLII. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part C)
Edited yb W. A. DOOW
EMULOV XLIII. Antibiotics
Edited yb JOHN H. HSAH
EMULOV XLIV. Immobilized Enzymes
Edited by KLAUS HCABSOM
EMULOV XLV. Proteolytic Enzymes (Part B)
Edited yb OLZSAL DNAROL
EMULOV XLVI. Affinity Labeling
Edited yb WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ DNA MEIR KEHCLIW
EMULOV XLVII. Enzyme Structure (Part E)
Edited yb C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. EEEHSAMIT
EMULOV XLVIII. Enzyme Structure (Part F)
Edited yb C. H. W. HIas DNA EGRES N. EEEHSAMIT
EMULOV XLIX. Enzyme Structure (Part G)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FEEHSAMIT
EMULOV L. Complex Carbohydrates (Part C)
Edited yb ROTCIV GRUBSNIG
EMULOV LI. Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism
Edited by AICIRTAP A. HOFFEE DNA YRAM ELLEN SENOJ
EMULOV LII. Biomembranes (Part C: Biological Oxidations)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV LIII. Biomembranes (Part D: Biological Oxidations)
Edited yb SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV LIV. Biomembranes (Part E: Biological Oxidations)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA RETSEL REKCAP
xvi SDOHTEM IN YGOLOMYZNE
EMULOV LV. Biomembranes (Part F: Bioenergetics)
Edited yb SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER PACKER
EMULOV LVI. Biomembranes (Part G: Bioenergetics)
Edited yb SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP
EMULOV LVII. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence
Edited yb ENELRAM A. DELUCA
EMULOV LVIII. Cell Culture
Edited yb WILLIAM B. JAKOBY DNA ARI PASTAN
EMULOV LIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part G)
Edited yb KIVlE EVADLOM DNA ECNERWAL NAMSSORG
EMULOV LX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part H)
Edited yb KIVlE EVADLOM DNA ECNERWAL NAMSSORG
EMULOV 61. Enzyme Structure (Part H)
Edited yb C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV 62. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Part D)
Edited yb DONALD B. KCIMROCCM DNA LEMUEL D. WRIGHT
EMULOV 63. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part A: Initial Rate and Inhibi-
tor Methods)
Edited yb DANIEL L. PURICH
EMULOV 64. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part B: Isotopic Probes and
Complex Enzyme Systems)
Edited yb DANIEL L. PURICH
EMULOV 65. Nucleic Acids (Part I)
Edited yb ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVlE EVADLOM
EMULOV 66. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Part E)
Edited yb DONALD B. KCIMROCCM DNA LEMUEL D. WRIGHT
EMULOV 67. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Part F)
Edited by DONALD B. McCoRMICK DNA LEMUEL D. WRIGHT
EMULOV 68. Recombinant DNA
Edited yb YAR Wu
EMULOV 69. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part C)
Edited yb ANTHONY NAS ORTEIP
EMULOV 70. Immunochemical Techniques (Part A)
Edited by HELEN NAV VUNAKIS DNA JOHN J. ENOGNAL
EMULOV 71. Lipids (Part C)
Edited yb JOHN M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV 72. Lipids (Part D)
Edited yb JOHN M. NIETSNEWOL
xvii
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EMULOV 73. Immunochemical Techniques (Part B)
Edited by JOHN J. ENOGNAL DNA HELEN NAV SIKANUV
EMULOV 74. Immunochemical Techniques (Part C)
Edited yb JOHN J. ENOGNAL DNA HELEN NAV SIKANUV
EMULOV .57 Cumulative Subject Index Volumes XXXI, XXXII, XXXIV-LX
Edited by DRAWDE A. DENNIS DNA AHTRAM G. SINNED
EMULOV .67 Hemoglobins
Edited yb ODLARE ANTONINI, LUIGI ,IDRANREB-IsSOR DNA EMILIA -NAIHC
ENOC
EMULOV .77 Detoxication and Drug Metabolism
Edited by WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ
EMULOV .87 Interferons (Part A)
Edited by YENDIS AKTSEP
EMULOV .97 Interferons (Part B)
Edited yb YENDIS AKTSEP
EMULOV 80. Proteolytic Enzymes (Part C)
Edited by OLZSAL DNAROL
EMULOV .18 Biomembranes (Part H: Visual Pigments and Purple Mem-
branes, I)
Edited by RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV .28 Structural and Contractile Proteins (Part A: Extracellular Matrix)
Edited yb LEON W. MAHGNINNUC DNA DIXIE W. NESKIREDERF
EMULOV .38 Complex Carbohydrates (Part D)
Edited by ROTCIV GRUBSNIG
EMULOV .48 Immunochemical Techniques (Part D: Selected Immunoassays)
Edited by JOHN J. ENOGNAL DNA HELEN NAV SIKANUV
EMULOV .58 Structural and Contractile Proteins (Part B: The Contractile Appa-
ratus and the Cytoskeleton)
Edited by DIXIE W. NESKIREDERF DNA LEON W. MAHGNINNUC
EMULOV 86. Prostaglandins and Arachidonate Metabolites
Edited by WILLIAM E. M. LANDS DNA WILLIAM L. HTIMS
EMULOV .78 Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part C: Intermediates, Stereo-
chemistry, and Rate Studies)
Edited yb DANIEL L. HCIRUP
EMULOV .88 Biomembranes (Part I: Visual Pigments and Purple Mem-
branes, II)
Edited yb RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV .98 Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part D)
Edited yb WILLIS A. DOOW
IIIVX °°° SDOHTEM NI YGOLOMYZNE
EMULOV 90. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part E)
Edited by WILLIS A. DOOW
EMULOV .19 Enzyme Structure (Part I)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV .29 Immunochemical Techniques (Part E: Monoclonal Antibodies and
General Immunoassay Methods)
Edited by JOHN J. ENOGNAL DNA HELEN NAV SIKANUV
EMULOV .39 Immunochemical Techniques (Part F: Conventional Antibodies,
Fc Receptors, and Cytotoxicity)
Edited by JOHN J. ENOGNAL DNA HELEN NAV SIKANUV
EMULOV 94. Polyamines
Edited by TREBREH ROBAT DNA CELIA WHITE ROBAT
EMULOV 95, Cumulative Subject Index Volumes 61-74, 76-80
Edited by DRAWDE A. DENNIS DNA AHTRAM G. SINNED
EMULOV .69 Biomembranes Part J: Membrane Biogenesis: Assembly and
Targeting (General Methods; Eukaryotes)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA ACCEB REHCSIELF
EMULOV .79 Biomembranes Part K: Membrane Biogenesis: Assembly and
Targeting (Prokaryotes, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA ACCEB REHCSIELF
EMULOV .89 Biomembranes (Part L: Membrane Biogenesis: Processing and
Recycling)
Edited by SIDNEY REHCSIELF DNA ACCEB REHCSIELF
EMULOV 99. Hormone Action (Part "F Protein Kinases)
Edited by EIKCAJ D. NIBROC DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
EMULOV 100. Recombinant DNA (Part B)
Edited by YAR Wu, ECNERWAL ,NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV I01. Recombinant DNA (Part C)
Edited by YAR Wu, ECNERWAL ,NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV 102. Hormone Action (Part G: Calmodulin and Calcium-Binding Pro-
teins)
Edited by YNOHTNA R. SNAEM DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
EMULOV 103. Hormone Action (Part H: Neuroendocrine Peptides)
Edited by P. LEAHCIM NNOC
EMULOV 104. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques (Part C)
Edited by WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ
EMULOV 105. Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems
Edited by RETSEL REKCAP
EMULOV 106. Posttranslational Modifications (Part A)
Edited by FINN WOLD DNA KIVIE EVADLOM