Biochemical and Cellular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance in Plants

604 Pages·1994·20.787 MB·English

by  Lutz Nover (auth.), Joe H. Cherry (eds.)

Biochemical and Cellular Mechanisms of
Stress Tolerance in Plants
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Series H: Cell Biology, Vol. 86
Biochemical and Cellular
Mechanisms of Stress
Tolerance in Plants
Edited by
Joe H. Cherry
Department of Botany and Microbiology
101 Life Science Bldg.
Auburn University. Auburn. AL 36849. USA
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biochemical and
Cellular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance in Plants, held at Maratea, Italy, June
20-24,1993
ISBN-13:978-3-642-79135-2 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-79133-8
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-79133-8
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e Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1994
Typesetting: Camera ready by authors
SPIN 10089666 31/3130·5432 1 0 -Printed on acid-free paper
PREFACE
Biological and environmental stresses represent the most
limiting factors to agricultural productivity worldwide. These
stresses impact not only crops that are presently being cultivated,
but also are significant barriers to the introduction of crop
plants into areas that are not at this time being used for
agriculture. The rising trend in atmospheric CO levels will
2
increase climate variability and is likely to increase the severity
of stresses (particularly those related to temperature, salinity
and drought) to which plants will be exposed in the coming decades.
Intensive irrigation in agriculture production has resulted in
severe salinity. In Israel and in several developing countries,
major problems related to drought, high temperature and salinity
are already limiting agriculture productivity. Low temperature
stress is responsible for a decline in productivity throughout many
countries.
As part of a long range program to address the problems of
abiotic stresses on plant productivity, a number of scientists have
made a concerted effort to concentrate on fundamental research in
plant stress biology. Programs established by these scientists
include research on membrane changes that may be involved in
salinity tolerance, the role of abscisic acid in adaptation of
cells to NaCl, biochemical basis of low temperature tolerance, heat
tolerance in suspension cells and whole plants, physiological
mechanisms of inhibiting plant cell enlargement by mechanical
stress, molecular cloning of genes for salt tolerance and
thermoadaptation, molecular basis of adaptation to osmotic stress,
regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis by abiotic
stress factors.
When we began to organize the NATO/ARW, we believed it to be
very timely to discuss the cellular, biochemical and molecular
mechanisms that regulate tolerance for a variety of environmental
stresses. We were particularly interested in ways that
biotechnology may be applied to these problems in the modification
of germplasm for tolerance that will impact agricultural
productivity.
The NATO/ARW held in Italy in June, 1993 brought together a
large number of scientists from 20 countries to discuss and compare
results on molecular and cellular basis of abiotic stress
tolerance.
The lectures published here reflect the diversity of current
research in plant molecular biology and stress biology. Each
lecture gives us a glimpse of the depth of questions being asked in
various segments of this field of investigation. This research is
directed at fundamental biological problems, but answers to these
questions will provide knowledge essential for bringing about major
changes in the way the world's agricultural
enterprise can be improved.
VI
It is unfortunate that this volume cannot bring to the reader
the sense of discovery that carne to participants as chapters of
modern molecular plant biology were described, explained, and
discussed enthusiastically. As organizers of this conference as
well as participants we are grateful to the lecturers for clear
expositions both in their formal presentations and in response to
questions.
Speakers and students in this ARW represented a sUbstantial
fraction of all of the laboratories of the world working on
molecular mechanisms of stress biology in plants. The generous
financial support from the NATO International Scientific Exchange
Programmes permitted participation not only by Europeans but also
by speakers and students from the United States and elsewhere in
the world.
In addition to the North Atlantic Treaty organization, we are
grateful for support from the following in the USA:
-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
-American Cyanamid Company, Princeton, NJ
-Ciba Plant Protection, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Greensboro, NC
-Extended Product Life, 200 Four Falls Corporate Center,
Conshohocken, PA
-Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Plant Breeding Division,
Johnston, IA
and from the following donors from Italy:
-Microglass, Napoli
-Delchimica, Napoli
-Bioclinical Forniture, Napoli
-Gamma-Sud, Napoli
-Farmen Seed Comapny, Torre del Greco
-M-Medical, Firenze
-Ministero dell' Agricoltura e delle Foreste, Roma
-Centro Miglioramento Genetico degli Ortaggi-CRN, Research Center
for Vegetable Breeding Portici
-Luigi Esposito, Ina-Assitalia
BIOCHEMICAL AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS
OF STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS
NATO Advanced Research Workshop
Maratea, Italy
June 20-24, 1993
_________________________ organized by _________________________ _
Joe H. Cherry Luigi Monti
Department of Botany & Microbiology University of Naples
101 Life Sciences Building Department of Agronomy
Auburn University, AL 36849 and Plant Sciences
USA Via Universita 100
80055, Portici
ITALY
______________________ Organizing committee
Antonella Leone Ray Bressan
National Research Council Horticulture Department
Research Center for Purdue University
Vegetable Breeding West Lafayette, IN 47907
Via Universita 133 USA
80055, Portici
ITALY
Stefania Grillo Narendra Singh
National Research Council Department of Botany &
Research Center for Microbiology
Vegetable Breeding 101 Life Sciences Building
Via Universita 133 Auburn University, AL 36849
80055, Portici USA
ITALY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS
The heat stress response as part of the plant stress network:
An overview with six tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
L. Nover
Developmental regulation and enhancement of heat shock gene
expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
F. SchOffl, E. Kloske, A. Wagner, K. Severin, and G. SchrOder
Normal cellular protein synthesis and heat shock ......................... 61
M.R. Brodl, J.D. Campbell, K.K. Grindstaff, and L. Fielding
Thermal acclimation and heat stress response of synechocystis PCC6803:
The possible role of thylakoid physical state, lipid saturation and
molecular chaperones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
L. Vigh, Z. Torok, E. Kovacs, A. Glatz, N. Balogh and I. Horvath
Studies of a chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein in arabidopsis .......... 97
K.W. Osteryoung, B. Pipes, N. Wehmeyer and E. Vierling
The low molecular weight heat shock proteins of soybean seedlings ............ 115
J.L. Key, Y.-R. J. Lee, V. Goekjian, and R.T. Nagao
Class I low molecular weight heat shock proteins in plants:
immunological study and thermoprotection against heat denaturation
of soluble proteins ........................................... 141
C.-Y. Lin, T.-L. Jinn, M.-H. Hsieh and Y.-M. Chen
Genetic and molecular evidences of the regulation of gene expression
during heat shock in plants ..................................... 157
N. Marmiroli, E. Maestri, V. Terzi, M. Gulli, A. Pavesi, G. Raho,
E. Lupotto, G. Di Cola, R. Sinibaldi and C. Perrotta
Integration of acquired thermotolerance within the developmental program
of seed reserve mobilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191
J.J. Burke
Cross protection of one stress by another: strategies in postharvest
fruit storage ............................................... 201
S. Lurie, J.D. Klein, E. Fallik
x
Photosynthesis, epicuticular wax and lipid changes in cowpea cultivars
grown under hyperthermic conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
H. Daniell, G. Chittibabu, N.K. Singh, J.D. Weete and J.H. Cherry
Altered gene expression in thermoadapted cultured cells of cowpea 229
J.H. Cherry, R.R. Mayer, K. Heuss-LaRosa, P.M. Reddy,
and N.K. Singh
Chapter 2
DROUGHT STRESS
Cloning of a DNA fragment encoding ),-glutamyl kinase and ),-glutamyl
phosphate reductase from a tomato cDNA library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
M.G. Garcfa-Rios, L.N. Csonka, R.A. Bressan, P.C. LaRosa,
and J. Hanquier
Regulation of gene expression in response to drought and osmotic shock ......... 255
S. Grillo, A. Costa, M. Tucci, and A. Leone
Gene expression during water stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
D. Bartels, D. Nelson, P. Heino, D. Michel, A. Furini,
G. Bernacchia, R. Velasco, R. Roncarati, R. Elster,
G. Schwall, J. Alamillo, K. Schneider, and F. Salamini
Molecular genetic approaches to improving heat and drought stress tolerance
in crop plants .............................................. 279
H.T. Nguyen and C.P. Joshi
Evolution and metabolic engineering of osmoprotectant accumulation in higher
plants .................................................. 291
A.D. Hanson and M. Burnet
Regulation of shoot growth in dry soils by abscisic acid and by root messages . . . . .. 303
R. Munns and R.E. Sharp
Stress tolerance in plants: What are we looking for? ..................... 315
A. Blum
Proteolysis and proteolytic activities in the acclimation to stress:
the case of sugar starvation in maize root tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 325
P. Raymond, R. Brouquisse, C. Chevalier, 1. Couee,
M. Dieuaide, F. James, D. Just, and A. Pradet
XI
Regulation of the rab17 gene in ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive
viviparous mutants of maize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
A. Goday, M. PIa, M.F. Niogret, A. Jensen, M. Figueras
and M. Pages
A role for sorbitol in desiccation tolerance of developing maize kernels:
inference from the properties of maize sorbitol dehydrogenase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 345
R.D. Locy
Chapter 3
SALINITY STRESS
Yeast halotolerance genes: crucial ion transport and metabolic reactions in
salt tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
R. Serrano
Structure, regulation and function of the osmotin gene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 381
A.K. Kononowicz, K.G. Raghothama, A.M. Casas, D.E. Nelson,
D. Liu, M.L. Narasimhan, P.C. LaRosa, N.K. Singh,
R.A. Bressan, and P.M. Hasegawa
Responses to salt stress in the halophyte mesembryanthemum crystallinum . . . . . . . .. 415
H.J. Bohnert, J.C. Thomas, E.J. DeRocher, C.B. Michalowski,
H. Breiteneder, D.M. Vernon, W. Deng, S. Yamada, and R.G. Jensen
Alterations in H+ -ATPase gene expression in response to salt ................ 429
M.L. Binzel
Solute regulation by calcium in salt-stressed plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 443
A. Lliuchli, T.D. Colmer, T. W.-M. Fan and R.M. Higashi
The response of plants to salinity: a working hypothesis 463
H.R. Lerner and G.N. Amzallag