Biochemical Actions of Hormones. Volume 3

417 Pages·1975·10.133 MB·English

by  Gerald Litwack (Eds.)

Contributors
HUGO A. ARMELIN GERALD LITWACK
BARBARA BOSS G. STANLEY MCKNIGHT
MAX H. CAKE LEON L. MILLER
CARLO M. CROCE BERT W. O'MALLEY
P. CUATRECASAS JACK H. OPPENHEIMER
JACK GORSKI JEFFREY M. ROSEN
GEOFFREY GRANT GORDON H. SATO
EDMOND E. GRIFFIN ROBERT T. SCHIMKE
M. D. HOLLENBERG DAVID J. SHAPIRO
BENITA S. KATZENELLENBOGEN MARTIN I. SURKS
WYLIE VALE
Biochemical Actions of Hormones
Edited by GERALD LITWACK
Fels Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry
Temple University, School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
VOLUME III
ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London 1975
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT © 1975, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC
OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY
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PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24/28 Oval Road, London NW1
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Biochemical actions of hormones.
Includes bibliographies.
1. Hormones. I. Litwack, Gerald, ed. II. Axelrod,
Julius, (date) [DNLM: 1. Hormones. 2. Physiology.
WK102B615]
QP571.B56 574.Γ927 70-107567
ISBN 0-12-452803-1 (v.3)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
To the memory of three pioneers in the field of hormone action:
Leonard D. Garren, Asher Körner, and Earl W. Sutherland
List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
Hugo A. Armelin (1), Departmento de Bioquimica, Instituto de
Quimica, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Cidade Universitaria,
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Barbara Boss (87), The Salk Institute, San Diego, California
Max H. Cake (317), Fels Research Institute, Temple University School
of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Carlo M. Croce (23), The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
P. Cuatrecasas (41), Department of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Jack Gorski (187), Departments of Biochemistry and Animal Science,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Geoffrey Grant (87), The Salk Institute, San Diego, California
Edmond E. Griffin (159), Department of Radiation Biology and Bio­
physics and Department of Biochemistry, University of Roches­
ter, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
M. D. Hollenberg (41), Department of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Benita S. Katzenellenbogen (187), Department of Physiology and Bio­
physics, University of Illinois, and School of Basic Medical Sci­
ences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
XI
xii List of Contributors
Gerald Litwack (23, 317), Fels Research Institute and Department
of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Phila­
delphia, Pennsylvania
G. Stanley McKnight* (245), Department of Biological Sciences, Stan­
ford University, Stanford, California
Leon L. Miller (159), Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics
and Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester,
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
Bert W. O'Malley (271), Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Jack H. Oppenheimer (119), Division of Endocrinology, Montefiore
Hospital and Medical Center, and Department of Medicine,
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Jeffrey M. Rosen (271), Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Gordon H. Sato (391), Department of Biology, University of Cali­
fornia at San Diego, La Jolla, California
Robert T. Schimke (245), Department of Biological Sciences, Stan­
ford University, Stanford, California
David J. Shapiro (245), Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, California
Martin I. Surks (119), Endocrine Research Laboratory, Montefiore
Hospital and Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Al­
bert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Wylie Vale (87), The Salk Institute, San Diego, California
* Present address: Faculte de Medecine, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Strasbourg,
France.
Preface
Research directed toward an understanding of the mechanisms of
hormone action has been concentrated at the biochemical and molec­
ular levels using individual hormones in mature or developing cells.
Volumes I and II of "Biochemical Actions of Hormones" summarized
and evaluated the results of this research, covering virtually every
area of the field in which significant advances were made through
1971. Volume III evolved from the realization of further advances in
established areas and new approaches not previously developed.
A wealth of new information on steroid hormone action is summa­
rized in four chapters. Although a certain amount of overlapping in­
formation on the mode of action of estrogens could not be avoided,
it comes from some of the foremost laboratories involved with this
problem, and, if anything, will make the description of current work
on this hormone all the more complete. The recent and previously
unreviewed areas of action of hypothalamic-regulating hormones and
plasma membrane receptors are presented. These new areas promise
to have wide repercussions on endocrine research. Three contribu­
tions deal with the approaches using genetics and cell culture to ad­
vance our knowledge of hormone action and of systems by which
previously undescribed hormones are being discovered. Two other
chapters summarize recent advances in the mode of action of thyroid
hormone and of hormones acting on the synthesis of proteins in liver
perfusion systems.
Originally, only a two-volume treatise had been planned. How­
ever, as mentioned above, new advances signaled the need for a
third volume. Additional volumes will be published if new knowledge
warrants them.
I wish to commend the staff of Academic Press for their excellent
cooperation in the publication of these volumes.
GERALD LITWACK
xiii
Contents of Previous Volumes
Volume I
Hormonal Responses in Amphibian Metamorphosis
Earl Frieden and John J. Just
The Developmental Formation of Enzymes in Rat Liver
Olga Greengard
Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Growth and
Developmental Hormones
/. R. Tata
The Regulation of Some Biochemical Circadian Rhythms
Ira B. Black and Julius Axelrod
Hormones and Transport across Cell Membranes
Thomas R. Riggs
Binding of Hormones to Serum Proteins
Ulrich Westphal
Insulin and Protein Synthesis
K. L. Manchester
Mineral ocorticoids
Isidore S. Edelman and Darrell D. Fanestil
Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin
Howard Rasmussen and Alan Tenenhouse
Mechanism of Action of Thyrotropin
E. Schell-Frederick andj. E. Dumont
The Thymus as an Endocrine Gland: Hormones
and Their Actions
Allan L. Goldstein and Abraham White
xv
χνι Contents of Previous Volumes
Plant Hormones
Carlos O. Miller
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX
Volume II
The Present Status of Genetic Regulation by Hormones
Gordon M. Tomkins and Thomas D. Gelehrter
Cyclic AMP and Hormone Action
R. W. Butcher, G. A. Robinson, and E. W. Sutherland
Multiple Hormonal Interactions. The Mammary Gland
Roger W. Turkington
The Catecholamines
G. A. Robison, R. W. Butcher, and E. W. Sutherland
Subcellular Actions of Glucocorticoids
Gerald Litwack and Sanford Singer
Insulin Actions on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
Irving B. Fritz
Estrogens and Progestins
Elwood V. Jensen and Eugene R. DeSombre
Androgenic Regulation of Tissue Growth and Function
H. G. Williams-Ashman and A. H. Reddi
Mechanism of Action of Gonadotropins and Prolactin
Ralph I. Dorfman
The Mechanism of Action of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
James J. Ferguson, Jr.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol: A Hormonal Form of Vitamin D
Hector F. DeLuca and Mark J. Melancon, Jr.
Insect Hormones
G. R. Wyatt
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX
CHAPTER 1
Hormones and Regulation
of Cell Division: Mammalian
Cell Cultures as an
Experimental Approach
Hugo A. Armelin
I. Introduction 1
II. Establishment of "Growth Responsive" Cell Lines: Its Empiri­
cism and Pitfalls 2
III. Control of Cell Proliferation and "Cell Cycle": Prospective
Models 6
IV. Growth Factors in Mammalian Cell Cultures: Experimental
Facts and Tentative Concepts 12
V. Fibroblast Cell Lines as Experimental Prototype Models:
Present Status 16
References 20
I. INTRODUCTION
Studies by classical endocrinologists developed the concept that
tropic hormones (proteins, such as the gonadotropins, or steroids,
such as estrogens) are endocrine regulators involved in the control
of mammalian cell proliferation in vivo. The experimental conclu­
sions of these studies were derived from observations of the effects
of endocrine organ ablation (hypophysectomy, ovariectomy, adrena-
lectomy, etc.) and hormone replacement therapy (administration of
1