Bioastronautics and Electronics and Invited Addresses. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Ballistic Missile and Space Technology, Held in los Angeles, California, in August, 1960

475 Pages·1960·21.66 MB·English

BALLISTIC MISSILE and
S P A CE T E C H N O L O GY
Edited by DONALD P. LeGALLEY
VOLUME I
Bioastronautics and
Electronics
and Invited Addresses
VOLUME II
Propulsion and Auxiliary
Power Systems
VOLUME III
Guidance, Navigation, Tracking,
and Space Physics
VOLUME IV
Re-entry and Vehicle Design
B I O A S T R O N A U T I CS
a nd
E L E C T R O N I CS
a nd INVITED A D D R E S S ES
VOLUME I of
Ballistic Missile and
Space Technology
Proceedings of the Fifth Sym-
posium on Ballistic Missile and
Space Technology, held in Los
Angeles, California, in August,
1960
Sponsored by Headquarters,
Air Force Ballistic Missile
Division, Space Technology
Laboratories, Inc., and Aero-
space Corporation
EDITOR
Donald P. LeGalley
Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., Los Angeles, California
ACADEMIC PRESS
New York and London · I960
COPYRIGHT © 1960, BY ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM
BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS,
WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
Ill FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK 3, Ν. Y.
United Kingdom Edition
Published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
17 OLD QUEEN STREET, LONDON S.W. 1
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 60-16987
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTRIBUTORS
Allan L. Bernstein, Westinghouse Electric Corporation,
Air Arm Division, Baltimore, Maryland
James W. Brinkley, Wright Air Development Division,
Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
Marilyn J. Buist, IBM, Federal Systems Division,
Washington, D. C.
R. J. Christman, Rome Air Development Center,
Griffiss AFB, New York
Walter 0. Darby, Norair, A Division of Northrop
Corporation, Hawthorne, California
James H. Doolittle, Chairman of the Board, Space
Technology Laboratories, Inc., Los Angeles, California
R. E. Eschelbach, The Bendix Corporation, Bendix
Systems Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Arthur Freilich, Burroughs Research Center,
Paoli, Pennsylvania
Ivan A. Getting, President, Aerospace Corporation,
Los Angeles, California
Joseph H. Gifford, Westinghouse Electric Corporation,
Air Arm Division, Baltimore, Maryland
T. Keith, Glennan, Administrator, National Aeronautics
and Space Administration
John L. Hatcher, The Bendix Corporation, Bendix
Systems Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan
H. J. Hayes, General Electric Company, Missile and
Space Vehicle Department, Philadelphia k, Pennsylvania
D. Hochman, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Missiles
and Space Division, Sunnyvale, California
Galen A. Holcomb, Stanley Aviation Corporation,
Denver, Colorado
ν
FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
A. R. Johnston, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
Jerome P. Keuper, Missile Test Project, RCA Service
Company, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida
L. K. Koehler, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation,
Missiles and Space Division, Sunnyvale, California
C. M. Kortman, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation,
Missiles and Space Division, Sunnyvale, California
Victor B. Kovac, Missile Test Project, RCA Service
Company, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida
D. F. Mitchell, Astro Systems and Research Laboratories,
Norair Division, Northrop Corporation,
Hawthorne, California
Howard R. Nonken, Burroughs Corporation,
Paoli, Pennsylvania
F. S. Nyland, The RAND Corporation,
Santa Monica, California
Leo W. Procopio, Philco Corporation,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Simon Ramo, Executive Vice President, Thompson Ramo
Wooldridge Inc., Los Angeles, California
G. C Randa, IBM, Federal Systems Division,
Owego, New York
Maj. Gen. 0· J. Ritland, Commander, Air Force
Ballistic Missile Division, Los Angeles, California
John H. Rubel, Deputy Director, Defense Research and
Engineering, Washington, D. C.
Lt. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever, Commander, Air Research
and Development Command, Washington, D, C.
W. G. Strang, Space Technology Laboratories, Inc.,
Los Angeles, California
I. Tarnove, Space Technology Laboratories, Inc.,
Los Angeles, California
vi
FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
G. M. Weinberg, IBM, Federal Systems Division,
Washington, D. C,
Donald R. Whitney, Research Laboratories, General
Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan
vii
PREFACE
The first Symposium on ballistic missile technology,
jointly sponsored by Headquarters, AFBMD and The Ramo-
Wooldridge Corporation, was held at the suggestion of
Simon Ramo in June of 1956. The second Symposium followed
in June of 1957, the third in July of 1958, the fourth in
August of 1959, and the fifth in August of i960. AFBMD
and the Space Technology Laboratories, Inc. sponsored the
fourth Symposium while the Aerospace Corporation joined
in the sponsorship of the fifth. The first two Symposia
were planned and coordinated by Duane Roller, the third
and fourth by Charles T. Morrow and associates in AFBMD
and STL, and the fifth by a Steering Committee, of which
Charles T. Morrow was the Chairman. Dr. Morrow was joined,
in an editorial capacity, by Donald P. LeGalley in 1959
and by Colonel Lawrence D. Ely, USAF, (Ret.) in i960.
Beginning in 1959, the scope of the Symposia was enlarged
to include work being done in the field of space technology.
The purpose of these Symposia has been to provide a
free exchange of technical information and ideas among
the engineers and scientists working on the United States
ballistic missile and space programs. In many technical
fields, such as hypersonics, aerodynamic heating, material
structures, propulsion, communications, computers, bio-
astronautics, guidance, etc., scientific and technical
developments have occurred so rapidly that a free exchange
of information and ideas is essential. The sessions of
the various Symposia, together with publication of the
classified papers in the Transactions and the unclassified
papers in the Proceedings, have provided this exchange
on a national scale.
The Fifth Symposium on Ballistic Missile and Space
Technology was held at the University of Southern Cali-
fornia on August 29-31, i960 and was attended by over
1000 scientists and engineers from all parts of the nation.
In addition to the several introductory, keynote, and
luncheon addresses by invited speakers, 125 technical papers,
both classified and unclassified, were presented in 25
sessions. The Proceedings contain the 7^ unclassified
papers presented at the Symposium and organized into four
volumes as follows:
ix
FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Volume I - Bioastronautics and Electronics,
and Invited Addresses
Volume II - Propulsion and Auxiliary Power Systems
Volume III - Guidance, Navigation, Tracking,
and Space Physics
Volume TV - Re-entry and Vehicle Design
The manuscripts for the Fifth Symposium were requested
in advance of the Symposium. A total of 255 manuscripts
were received and submitted to a Program Committee for
review and selection for the final program. The Program
Committee, with assistance from many AFBMD and STL staff
members, reviewed these manuscripts for content, suit-
ability, and interest, and selected 125 for presentation
at the Symposium. Unfortunately, many excellent papers
had to be rejected because of the limitation of time and
space. The members of the Program Committee are listed
below:
Program Committee
Donald P. LeGalley, Chairman
G. D. Bagley J. F. Chalmers C. T. Morrow
Ε. K. Blum M. U. Clauser R. B. Muchmore
R. Bromberg R. D. DeLauer Capt. B. W. Pine
J. R. Burnett L. G. Ludwig G. E. Solomon
In addition to the work of the Program Committee, the
editor wishes gratefully to acknowledge the assistance of
members of the staff of the STL Office of Scientific and
Engineering Relations. In particular, Colonel Ely has
reviewed the manuscripts dealing with re-entry and vehicle
design (Volume IV), and Mrs. Mildred R. Smith, Senior
Publications Writer, has reviewed each manuscript and has
made corrections and changes which have contributed greatly
to the uniformity of format and the published appearance
of the 7^ papers.
Space Technology Laboratories, Inc. Donald P. LeGalley
September, i960
χ
FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
WELCOME ADDRESSES
COMPETITION FOR SURVIVAL
James H. Doolittle, Lt. Gen., USAF, Ret.
Chairman of the Board
Space Technology Laboratories, Inc.
Los Angeles, California
It is again a great pleasure, on behalf of Space Technol-
ogy Laboratories, to welcome you to this Fifth Symposium on
Ballistic Missile and Space Technology. As I arrived here
this morning I was quite impressed with the enthusiastic at-
tendance evidenced by the more than 1000 missile and space
scientists, and others with a professional interest in the
"state of the art," who have registered.
This steadily increasing number of attendees each year is
warm indication of the high value you place upon these symposia-
Your reception to them has encouraged Dr. Morrow, the Symposium
Steering Committee, and those who have prepared the papers you
will hear during the next three days, to work doubly hard to
make this meeting even more valuable to you than the previous
ones.
This year's Symposium is in marked contrast to the one of
five years ago. Many of you who participated in that first
meeting will recall the modest beginnings in the Building Two
Auditorium on Arbor Vitae Street in Inglewood. That First
Technical. Symposium on Ballistic Missiles, as it was called,
heard 66 papers as compared with this year's Symposium when
126 papers - almost twice as many - will be presented. The
first Symposium was attended by some 2h0 representatives of
contractors and outside agencies, plus more than 100 missile
and space scientists assigned to the Arbor Vitae Complex.
During these five years the United States has made signifi-
cant progress in the development of ballistic missiles and in
space exploration. Many of you have played a prominent role in
these accomplishments which have included the operational de-
velopment of the Jupiter, Thor and Atlas and the impending
operational capability of the Titan, Polaris, and Minuteman.
At the time of the first Symposium, the United States was still
more than a year and a half away from launching its first sat-
ellite. Now we have many Outer Space accomplishments to our
credit and can look forward to more in the future.
5
FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTIC MISSILE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
It is also interesting to note that while that first Sym-
posium was in progress — on June 22, 1956 — attendees heard
the announcement that the Soviet Union had exploded a missile-
borne hydrogen bomb at an altitude of 22 miles. This, at a
time when our large missiles were still on the drawing boards.
Such military developments and the space race — together
with the traditional concept of competition — have proved
powerful stimuli. But entirely aside from the stockpile of
space technology and hardware that competitive American science
and industry — teaming with the military — have developed in
a few short years, the greatest stimulus of all to competition
is the competition for survival. And that is precisely the
type of competition in which we are presently engaged.
For more than ^0 years the Soviets have been planning,
working, and sacrificing to achieve their goal of world com-
munization and domination. To them the conflict is to the
death. We, as a nation, do not yet realize the frightful seri-
ousness of this war. In part, this naivete is due to public
lethargy because we are inherently a nation of optimists. We
tend to procrastinate and hope that if we ignore it, unpleasant-
ness will vanish. We are complacent; while a nation with in-
spired leadership, careful indoctrination, and profound dedica-
tion, works hard to overtake and surpass us. As an example of
how fast the Soviets are catching up with us: their steel pro-
duction in 19^0 was barely one-eighth of ours; and in 1950 it
was nearly one-third. Today, it is about half of ours and is
increasing more than twice as rapidly.
Today's world conflict with its battlefronts in such widely
scattered areas as the Orient, the Middle East, Germany, the
Congo, and Cuba, results in our competition with the Soviet not
only in missiles and space, but in all other forms of science
and technology. It is not necessary that we excel in all fields,
but we must, if we are to prevail, excel in those we consider
most important.
If we are to avoid nuclear war and win the ideological war,
we must advance our science and technology on a broad front.
We must be strong in the most modern weapons and concepts in
order to deter war. We must continue to acquire new basic knowl-
edge. We must learn more about the earth sciences - geology,
oceanography, and meteorology - as well as about missiles and
space.
We, as a nation, have had it too good for too long. We
want to coast and maintain the pleasant status quo. In a com-
petitive world society this is not possible.
I am afraid that we have almost lost our past willingness
to work hard and our ability to think clearly.
Our willingness to work is indicated by our desire for
security without effort. Our inability to think is indicated
by our willingness to let others think for us.