BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANT ORIGIN Extraction, Applications, and Potential Health Benefits Innovations in Plant Science for Better Health: From Soil to Fork BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANT ORIGIN Extraction, Applications, and Potential Health Benefits Edited by Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Colin Barrow, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 1265 Goldenrod Circle NE Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Palm Bay, Florida 32905 Canada USA USA © 2020 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-786-1 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-42902-928-8 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190130784 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190130830 | ISBN 9781771887861 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780429029288 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Plant bioactive compounds—Separation. | LCSH: Phytochemicals. | LCSH: Medicinal plants Classification: LCC QK898.B54 B56 2019 | DDC 572/.2—dc23 CIP data on file with US Library of C ongress Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com INNOVATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCE FOR BETTER HEALTH: FROM SOIL TO FORK BOOK SERIES Series Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria Honorary Fellow at the Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia email: [email protected] The objective of this new book series is to offer academia, engineers, tech- nologists, and users from different disciplines information to gain knowl- edge on the breadth and depth of this multifaceted field. The volumes will explore the fields of phytochemistry, along with its potential and extrac- tion techniques. The volumes will discuss the therapeutic perspectives of biochemical compounds in plants and animal and marine sources in an interdisciplinary manner because the field requires knowledge of many areas, including agricultural, food, and chemical engineering; manufac- turing technology along with applications from diverse fields like chem- istry; herbal drug technology; microbiology; animal husbandry; and food science; etc. There is an urgent need to explore and investigate the innova- tions, current shortcomings, and future challenges in this growing area of research. We welcome chapters on the following specialty areas (but not limited to): • Food and function • Nutritional composition of different foods materials • Functional and nutraceutical perspectives of foods • Extraction of bioactive molecules • Phytomedicinal properties of different plants • Traditional plants used as functional foods • Phytopharmacology of plants used in metabolic disorders vi Innovations in Plant Science for Better Health • Importance of spices and medicinal and functional foods • Natural products chemistry • Food processing waste/byproducts: management and utilization • Herbals as potential bioavailability enhancer and herbal cosmetics • Phytopharmaceuticals for the delivery of bioactives • Alternative and complementary medicines • Ethnopharmacology and ethnomedicine • Marine phytochemistry • Marine microbial chemistry • Other related includes nuts, seed spices, wild flora, etc. About the Book Series Editor-in-Chief Dr. Hafiz Suleria is an eminent young researcher in the field of food science and nutrition. Currently, he is an Honorary Fellow at the Diamantina Insti- tute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia. Before joining the UQ, he worked as a lecturer in the Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. He also worked as a Research Associate in a PAK-US Joint Project funded by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, and Department of State, USA, with the collaboration of the University of Massachusetts, USA, and the National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricul- ture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Dr. Suleria’s major research focus is on food science and nutrition, particularly in screening of bioactive molecules from different plant, marine, and animal sources, using various cutting-edge techniques, such as isolation, purification, and characterization. He also did research work on functional foods, nutraceuticals, and alternative medicine. He has published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers in different reputed/impacted journals. He is also in collaboration with more than five universities where he is working as a co-supervisor/special member for PhD and postgraduate students and also involved in joint publications, projects, and grants. Expertise: Food Science and Nutrition, Functional Foods, Bioactive Molecule Research, Marine Bioactives, Nutraceuticals, Medicinal Plants, Natural Product Chemistry, and Drug Discovery OTHER BOOKS ON PLANT SCIENCE FOR BETTER HEALTH BY APPLE ACADEMIC PRESS, INC Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Plants: Properties and Potential for Human Health Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD and Ademola O. Ayeleso, PhD Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health: Attributes, Potential, and Use Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD and Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, MPharm Human Health Benefits of Plant Bioactive Compounds: Potentials and Prospects Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Human Health Benefits of Plant Bioactive Compounds Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Plant Secondary Metabolites for Human Health: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, P. P. Joy, PhD, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin: Extraction, Applications, and Potential Health Benefits Editors: Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD and Colin Barrow, PhD Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants: Scope, Applications, and Potential Health Claims Editors: Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, Megh R. Goyal, PhD, and Masood Sadiq Butt, PhD The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants: Health- Rejuvenating Bioactive Compounds of Native Flora Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, PhD, T. Jesse Joel, PhD, and Sujogya Kumar Panda, PhD viii Other Books on Plant Science for Better Health by Apple Academic Press, Inc The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care: Biocompounds in Medicinal Plants Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, and Ramasamy Harikrishnan, PhD Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health: Phytochemistry, Disease Management, and Novel Applications Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD and Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, MPharm CONTENTS About the Editor .......................................................................................xi About the Co-editor .................................................................................xii Contributors ...........................................................................................xiii Abbreviations .........................................................................................xvii Preface .................................................................................................xxiii PART I: EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS...............................................................1 1. Extraction of Bioactive Molecules: Conventional Versus Novel Methods .............................................................................................3 Muhammad Kamran Khan, Farid Chemat, Saira Sattar, and Muhammad Imran 2. Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: Conventional and Green Extraction Techniques ...................................................................45 Afka Deen, Rizliya Visvanathan, and Ruvini Liyanage 3. Bioactive Components in Fruits and Vegetables ....................................69 Aamir Shehzad, Nida Kanwal, Anam Latif, Asna Zahid, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria 4. Phytochemicals from Fruit Wastes for Sustainable and Socially Acceptable Poultry Production ..................................................87 Zafar Hayat, Kashif Akram, Athar Mahmud, Umar Farooq, Muhammad Umar Farid, and Afshan Shafi PART II: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND HEALTH CLAIMS ......125 5. Crocin: A Mechanistic Treatise ..............................................................127 Muhammad Imran, Ali Imran, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria 6. Grapes: A Nutritional Key to Combat Various Maladies ...................157 Tabussam Tufail, Farhan Saeed, Huma Bader Ul Ain, Ahmad Din, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria