Bio-inspired regenerative medicine : materials, processes, and clinical applications

404 Pages·2016·16.467 MB·English

by  Sprio, Simone, Tampieri, Anna

Bio-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine
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Bio-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine
Materials, Processes, and Clinical Applications
editors
edited by
PrebenMaegaard
AnnaKrenz
Simone Sprio
WolfgangPalz
Anna Tampieri
The Rise of Modern Wind Energy
Wind Power
for the World
CRC Press
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© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20160308
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Contents
Preface
xiii
1. Biologically Inspired Nanomaterials and
Nanobiomagnetism: A Synergy among New
Emerging Concepts in Regenerative Medicine 1
Anna Tampieri, Monica Sandri, Silvia Panseri, Alessio Adamiano,
Monica Montesi, and Simone Sprio
1.1 The New Concept of Bio-Inspiration toward
Biomimetics 2
1.2 Bio-Inspired Scaffolds for Regeneration of Bone
and Multi-Functional Hard Tissues 5
1.3 Nanobiomagnetism as a New Concept to Boost
Tissue Regeneration 10
2. 1B.i4o miCmoentcilcu sNiaonnos structured Platforms for Biologically 15
Inspired Medicine 21
Silvia Minardi, Alessandro Parodi, Francesca Taraballi,
Bruna Corradetti, Bradley K. Weiner, and Ennio Tasciotti
2.1 Mimicry of the Extracellular Matrix Composition
and Its Functions 22
2.1.1 The Extracellular Matrix: A Modulator of

Cell Activity in Tissues 22
2.1.2 Artificial Extracellular Matrices for
Tissue Engineering Applications 23
2.1.3 Surface Modifications of Biomaterials 24
2.1.3.1 Integrin adhesion sites 25
2.1.3.2 Growth factors 26
vi Contents
2.1.3.3 Glycosamminoglycans and
proteoglycans 27
2.1.3.4 Molecules and artificial ECM:
new players in immune-modulation 28
2.2 Biomimicry of the Biochemical Gradients
Occurring in the Regenerative Process 30
2.2.1 Control Over Growth Factor Release 31
2.2.1.1 Polymeric vectors 31
2.2.1.2 Silica-based vectors 32
2.2.1.3 Bioactive coatings to mimic cell
functions 33
3. Nano2-A.2p.2at iteCso mwpitohs Ditee sVigencetodr sC hemistry and 34
Crystallinity for Bone Regeneration and
Nanomedical Applications 47
Michele Iafisco and Daniele Catalucci
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Apatite Nanocrystals in Biological Systems 49
3.3 Nanocrystalline Apatite 58
3.4 Nanocrystalline Apatite for Bone Regeneration
4. New Baniodm Nimaneotmice Sdtircaatle Agipepsl ifcoart Rioengse neration of 63
Load-Bearing Bones 85
Simone Sprio, Andrea Ruffini, Massimiliano Dapporto,
and Anna Tampieri
4.1 Bone Tissue: Structure, Biomechanics and
Remodelling 86
4.2 Main Limitations in Current Approaches for
Regeneration of Load-Bearing Bones 89
4.3 Regeneration of Long Segmental Bones:
New Biomorphic Porous Devices 94
4.4 Treatment of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures:
New Biomimetic Injectable Devices 101
Contents vii
5. New Bio-Inspired Processes for Synthesis and Surface
Treatments of Biomaterials 119
Frank A. Müller
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Biomimetic Apatite 120
5.3 Literature Survey 122
5.4 In vitro Apatite Formation 124
5.4.1 Simulated Body Fluid 125
5.4.2 Bioactive Surfaces 127
5.4.3 Structure and Properties of
Biomimetic Apatite 129
5.4.3.1 Nucleation and crystal growth 129
5.4.3.2 Carbonate substitution 133
5.4.3.3 Growth orientation 135
6. 5F.i5b re-CRoeninclfuosricoends, Biphasic Composite Scaffolds with 137
Pore Channels and Embedded Stem Cells Based on
Alginate for the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects 145
F. Despang, C. Halm, K. Schütz, B. Fischer, A. Lode, and M. Gelinsky
6.1 Osteochondral Defects and the Tissue
Engineering Approach 145
6.2 Scaffolds with Parallel Aligned Pores
Generated from the Biopolymer Alginate 148
6.2.1 Biopolymer Alginate and Its Structure
Formation Phenomenon of Directed

Ionotropic Gelation 148
6.2.2 Influence of Selected Process Parameters
on Pore Channel Formation during
Ionotropic Gelation 151
6.3 Biphasic Alginate-Based Scaffolds with
Channel-Like Pores 157
6.3.1 Components of the Biphasic Scaffolds
beyond Alginate 158
6.3.2 Macro- and Microstructure of Alginate
Scaffolds Including Fibres 160
viii Contents
6.3.3 Mechanical Strengthening by Fibre
Reinforcement of Alginate Based Scaffolds 162
6.3.4 Evaluation of Cytocompatibility 163
6.3.4.1 Evaluation of cytocompatibility
by indirect exposure 163
6.3.4.2 Generation of cell-laden scaffolds
with embedded stem cells and
long-term analysis of cell viability 166
7. 6H.4yb riSdu Nmamnoacryo manpdo Osiutetlso wokit h Magnetic Activation for 170
Advanced Bone Tissue Engineering 179
Ugo D’Amora, Teresa Russo, Roberto De Santis, Antonio Gloria,
and Luigi Ambrosio
7.1 Introduction 180
7.2 Bone Tissue Engineering 181
7.3 Magnetism in Biomedicine: Basic Principles in
the Design of Magnetic Scaffolds 187
7.4 Magnetic Scaffolds for Advanced Bone Tissue
Engineering 192
8. 7B.i5o -InCsopnirceluds Oiorngsa nainzde dF uSttururec tTurreensd Gsu iding Nerve 198
Regeneration 211
Rahmat Cholas, Marta Madaghiele, Luca Salvatore,
and Alessandro Sannino
8.1 Introduction 211
8.1.1 Key Aspects of Peripheral Nerve
Development, Regeneration, and Structure 213
8.2 Spontaneous Nerve Regeneration 216
8.3 Surgical Approaches to Neurotmesis 217
8.3.1 Direct Repair 217
8.3.2 Autologous Nerve Graft 219
8.3.3 Tubulization 220
8.4 Bio-Inspired Design of Nerve Regenerative
Templates 222
Contents ix
8.4.1 Mimicking Native Nerve ECM Topography 222
8.4.2 Mimicking Native Nerve ECM Biochemistry 225
8.4.3 Multi-Faceted Approaches 228
9. 8B.i5o miCmoentcilcu sSicoanf folds Integrated with Patterns of 230
Exogenous Growth Factors 241
Silvia Minardi, Francesca Taraballi, Bayan Aghdasi,
and Ennio Tasciotti
9.1 Scaffolds and Bioactive Molecules in Orthopedic
Surgery: Potential and Pitfalls 241
9.2 Conventional Fabrication Methods of Scaffold
Functionalized with Bioactive Molecules 243
9.2.1 Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Growth
Factor-Coated Implants 243
9.2.2 Electrospun Scaffolds Functionalized
with Bioactive Molecules 244
9.3 Mimicry of the Natural Biochemical Gradients 246
9.3.1 Functionalization of Scaffolds with
Nano- and Microstructured Delivery
Systems 247
9.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Patterning of
Biomimetic Scaffolds and Hydrogels
10. Heart Failurew ainthd MMuicltriopRleN PAr-oBtaesinesd Therapy: A 250
Perspective on the Use of Nanocarriers 259
Michele Miragoli, Michael V. G Latronico, Gianluigi Condorelli,
and Daniele Catalucci
10.1 Introduction 260
10.2 The Pathophysiology of Cardiac Hypertrophy
and Failure 261
10.2.1 Cardiac Ion Channel Remodeling
and Arrhythmogenesis 262
10.3 MicroRNA: A Class of Abundant
Non-Protein Regulators 263
10.3.1 MicroRNA Biogenesis 264