Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils

438 Pages·2012·6.84 MB·English

by  Aparajita Das

Soil Biology
Volume 31
Series Editor
Ajit Varma, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/5138
.
Erika Kothe Ajit Varma
l
Editors
Bio-Geo Interactions
in Metal-Contaminated
Soils
Editors
ErikaKothe Dr.AjitVarma
FriedrichSchillerUniversita¨tJena AmityUniversityUttarPradesh
InstituteofMicrobiology AmityInstituteofMicrobialSciences
Neugasse25 NoidaUttarPradesh
07745Jena BlockA,GroundFloor,Sector125
Germany India
[email protected] [email protected]
ISSN1613-3382
ISBN978-3-642-23326-5 e-ISBN978-3-642-23327-2
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-23327-2
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011943312
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
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Preface
Thebookaimsatinterdisciplinaryresearchbetweengeosciencesandbiologywith
major input from microbiology. The view on geoactive principles of bacteria and
fungiinsoilcomprisestheecologicalunderstandingofhabitatformationaswellas
modelingofmatterfluxes. Thecombination ofgeological andbiologicalmethod-
ology bringsforward a general understanding ofprocesses at the interfaces of the
microbialcellandtheplantrootatsoilparticlesinspecificallymetal-contaminated
land. Since metal contamination is an increasing ecological and ecotoxicological
risk,thebasicunderstandingofprocessesinvolvedinmetalmobilizationaswellas
sorptionandmineralizationarethekeyfeaturesforremediationactionsinthefield
ofheavymetal-contaminatedlandmanagement.Thisisalsoreflectedinthegrow-
inginterestinbio–geo-interactionsbyanumberofnewperiodicalsaswellasstudy
courses,likebiogeosciences,geomicrobiology,orgeoecology.
Researchers and graduate students working in the field of biogeosciences and
ecology, consultingcompanieswhichnowbecomeawareofthepotentiallyingin
the use of biology and look for biological means to manage schemes of soil
remediation, or small- and medium-sized enterprises involved in bioremediation
are the groups targeted with this book. We intended to provide state-of-the-art
knowledge of phytostabilization and phytoextraction for their use. Since many of
the sites in question are former mining sites, the federal and state governments
mightbeinterestedinfindingnewsolutionstotheriskmanagementofheavymetal-
contaminated sites. For their use, specifically, the chapters on bioremediation or
phytoremediationwereadded.
Thechaptersofthebookstartfromageneraloverviewoncontaminatedsoilwith
a description of the role of physical, chemical, and biological compartments and
theirinteractionwithorganicandinorganiccontaminantswhichisfollowedbyan
introduction to biogeosciences in heavy metal-contaminated soils. After introdu-
cing the different mechanisms at play in the interactions of soil, microorganisms,
plants, and the water phase necessarytotransfermetalstobiologicalsystems, the
mineralogyandgeochemistrybasicsinassessingpotentialhazardsatminingsites
areaddressed.
v
vi Preface
Asmineralogymightalsocontainnaturaltracerelementsforfollowingprocess-
esbetweenbioticandabioticsystems,rareearthelementsareintroducedasameans
tofollowthepatternsofdistributionbetweenbiosandgeosinacidicsystems.The
direct impact of microorganisms on the substrate is specifically shown in an
example of geomicrobial manganese redox reactions for metal release from man-
ganese (hydr)oxides forming a biogeochemical barrier in a contaminated soil
substrate.Apotentialformicrobiallyinducedbiomineralizationtonaturalattenua-
tion is presented in the contaminated system at an abandoned mining site in
Sardinia. Biomineralization investigated, in particular, at post-mining area is dis-
cussed regarding its potential to reduce the bioavailability of toxic heavy metals
such as cadmium or lead. Since metal speciation plays a major role in element
behavior, uranium speciation is investigated in seepage water and pore water of
heavymetal-contaminatedsoil.Inthecontextofuraniumspeciationandcomplex-
ation, sophisticated methods like time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spec-
troscopyorX-rayabsorptionspectroscopyareexplainedassuitabletoolstostudy
uraniuminacidicandmetal-richwaters.
The next chapters then move to plant–microbe interactions and their role in
sustaining plant growth at heavy metal-contaminated sites, with heavy metal
resistance of soil bacteria, the role of mycorrhiza in reforestation programs, and
theoccurrenceofadaptedplantsathistoricalcopperspoilheapsinAustria.Occur-
rence and capabilities of heavy metal-resistant plant growth promoting bacteria
dwellingintherhizospherearepresentedwithregardtobioaugmentationstrategies.
Theexaminationofnaturalvegetationonheavymetalrichsoilsisnecessarytofind
hyperaccumulator plants, which leads to the topic of phytoremediation of metal-
contaminated soils. One such example is the nickel hyperaccumulating plant
Alyssumbertolonii,whichispresentedasamodelsystemforstudyingbiogeochem-
icalinteractions.
The role of soil organic matter on metal mobility as well as the influence of
symbiotic associations like different types of mycorrhiza for phytoremediation at
differentsitesispresented.Again,useofmetal-resistantbacterialstrainsasinocula
for bioremediation of metal containing soils is presented. The investigation of
experiments at laboratory, lysimeter, and field scale leads to the final chapter in
which theoretical foundations of integrated modeling approaches in biogeochem-
istryarepresented.
Different tools are discussed and a molecular understanding of dominant and
relevant processes in contaminated soils is introduced. The hydrogeology and
microbiology of former mining sites, specific microbial communities, and plant–
microbeinteractionsaredescribedwithrespecttostate-of-the-artresearch.
Thepresentationofthisbookwithinthesoilbiologyserieswouldnothavebeen
possible without the help and collaboration of all our partners, specifically from
UMRELLA,towhomwearedeeplyindebted.
Jena,Germany ErikaKotheandGo¨tzHaferburg
Noida,UttarPradesh,India AjitVarma
Contents
1 ContaminatedSoil:Physical,Chemical
andBiologicalComponents .............................................. 1
AparajitaDas,IrenaSherameti,andAjitVarma
2 BiogeosciencesinHeavyMetal-ContaminatedSoils .................. 17
Go¨tzHaferburgandErikaKothe
3 TheRoleofMineralogyandGeochemistryinHazardPotential
AssessmentofMiningAreas ............................................ 35
D.Jianu,V.Iordache,B.Soare,L.Petrescu,
A.Neagoe,C.Iacob,andR.Orza
4 RareEarthElementsinAcidicSystems–Biotic
andAbioticImpacts ..................................................... 81
AnjaGrawunderandDirkMerten
5 GeomicrobialManganeseRedoxReactions
inMetal-ContaminatedSoilSubstrates ................................ 99
ChristianLorenz,DirkMerten,Go¨tzHaferburg,
ErikaKothe,andGeorgBu¨chel
6 NaturalBiomineralizationintheContaminated
Sediment-WaterSystemattheIngurtosuAbandonedMine ........ 113
D.Medas,R.Cidu,P.Lattanzi,F.Podda,andG.DeGiudici
7 SpeciationofUraniuminSeepageandPore
WatersofHeavyMetal-ContaminatedSoil ........................... 131
NilsBaumann,ThuroArnold,andMartinLonschinski
vii
viii Contents
8 Plant–MicrobeInteractioninHeavy-Metal-Contaminated
Soils ...................................................................... 143
NeeruNarula,MartinReinicke,Go¨tzHaferburg,ErikaKothe,
andRishiKumarBehl
9 HeavyMetal-ResistantStreptomycetesinSoil ....................... 163
EileenSchu¨tzeandErikaKothe
10 RoleofMycorrhizainRe-forestationatHeavy
Metal-ContaminatedSites .............................................. 183
FeliciaGherghelandKatrinKrause
11 HistoricCopperSpoilHeapsinSalzburg/Austria:
Geology,MiningHistory,AspectsofSoilChemistry
andVegetation .......................................................... 201
WolframAdlassnig,StefanWernitznig,andIreneK.Lichtscheidl
12 NaturalVegetation,MetalAccumulationandTolerance
inPlantsGrowingonHeavyMetalRichSoils ....................... 233
VieraBana´sova´,EvaDˇurisˇova´,MiriamNadubinska´,
ErikaGurinova´,andMiladaCˇiamporova´
13 Hyperaccummulation:AKeytoHeavyMetal
Bioremediation .......................................................... 251
IleanaCorneliaFarcasanu,MihaelaMatache,
VirgilIordache,andAuroraNeagoe
14 NickelHyperaccumulatingPlantsandAlyssumbertolonii:
ModelSystemsforStudyingBiogeochemical
InteractionsinSerpentineSoils ........................................ 279
AlessioMengoni,LorenzoCecchi,andCristinaGonnelli
15 TheRoleofOrganicMatterintheMobility
ofMetalsinContaminatedCatchments ............................... 297
AuroraNeagoe,VirgilIordache,andIleanaCorneliaFa˘rca˘s¸anu
16 Mycorrhizal-BasedPhytostabilizationofZn–PbTailings:
LessonsfromtheTrzebionkaMining
Works(SouthernPoland) .............................................. 327
KatarzynaTurnau,StefanGawron´ski,
PrzemysławRyszka,andDouglasZook
17 BioremediationofCopper,ChromiumandCadmium
byActinomycetesfromContaminatedSoils .......................... 349
Mar´ıaJuliaAmorosoandCarlosMauricioAbate
Contents ix
18 BioremediationandHeavyMetalUptake:
MicrobialApproachesatFieldScale .................................. 365
FrankSchindler,MatthiasGube,andErikaKothe
19 ContributionstotheTheoreticalFoundations
ofIntegratedModelinginBiogeochemistry
andTheirApplicationinContaminatedAreas ....................... 385
V.Iordache,R.La˘ca˘tus¸u,D.Scra˘deanu,
M.Onete,S.Ion,I.Cobzaru,A.Neagoe,F.Bodescu,
D.Jianu,andD.Purice
Index .......................................................................... 417