Biggest, Baddest Book of Caves

27 Pages·2014·26.842 MB·English

by  Alex Kuskowski

(cid:55)(cid:94)(cid:92)(cid:92)(cid:90)(cid:104)(cid:105)(cid:33)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:86)(cid:89)(cid:89)(cid:90)(cid:104)(cid:105)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:100)(cid:100)(cid:96)(cid:3)(cid:100)(cid:91)
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Biggest, Baddest Books
Biggest, Baddest Book of
(cid:36)(cid:34)(cid:55)(cid:38)(cid:52)
Alex Kuskowski
(cid:60)(cid:104)(cid:103)(cid:108)(cid:110)(cid:101)(cid:109)(cid:98)(cid:103)(cid:96)(cid:25)(cid:62)(cid:93)(cid:98)(cid:109)(cid:104)(cid:107)(cid:37)(cid:25)(cid:61)(cid:98)(cid:90)(cid:103)(cid:94)(cid:25)(cid:60)(cid:107)(cid:90)(cid:98)(cid:96)(cid:37)(cid:25)(cid:70)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:75)(cid:94)(cid:90)(cid:93)(cid:98)(cid:103)(cid:96)(cid:25)(cid:76)(cid:105)(cid:94)(cid:92)(cid:98)(cid:90)(cid:101)(cid:98)(cid:108)(cid:109)(cid:25)
(cid:116)(cid:116)(cid:116)(cid:43)(cid:94)(cid:95)(cid:97)(cid:108)(cid:109)(cid:114)(cid:95)(cid:105)(cid:102)(cid:112)(cid:101)(cid:102)(cid:107)(cid:100)(cid:43)(cid:96)(cid:108)(cid:106)
Published by Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO, PO Box 398166, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55439. Copyright © 2015 by Abdo Consulting Group, Inc. International
copyrights reserved in all countries. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form without written permission from the publisher. Super SandCastle™ is a
trademark and logo of Abdo Publishing.
Printed in the United States of America, North Mankato, Minnesota
102014
012015
Editor: Liz Salzmann
Content Developer: Nancy Tuminelly
Cover and Interior Design and Production: Colleen Dolphin, Mighty Media, Inc.
Photo Credits: Kenneth Ingham, Shutterstock, Waitomo Glowworm Caves, Wikipedia
(Chris Gray/Rolanddeschain, Piercehendrie, Steinsky, Tod Baker, WTucker, Yerpo)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kuskowski, Alex.
  Biggest, baddest book of caves / Alex Kuskowski.
       pages cm. --  (Biggest, baddest books)
  ISBN 978-1-62403-514-2
1.  Caves--Juvenile literature.  I. Title. II. Series: Biggest, baddest books.
  GB601.2.K87 2015
  551.44'7--dc23
                                               2014024006
Super SandCastle™ books are created by a team of professional educators, reading specialists, and
content developers around five essential components—phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, text
comprehension, and fluency—to assist young readers as they develop reading skills and strategies and
increase their general knowledge. All books are written, reviewed, and leveled for guided reading, early
reading intervention, and Accelerated Reader® programs for use in shared, guided, and independent reading
and writing activities to support a balanced approach to literacy instruction.
s
Caves! 4
Underground Discovery 6
t
Sunken Worlds 8
n
Guided by the Light 10
Cave Creatures 12
e
Creepy Crawly Critter Creatures 14
t
Exploring the Darkness 16
n Eerie Cave Echoes 18
The Deepest & Darkest Caves
o in the World 20
Home Sweet Cave 22
C
What Do You Know About Caves? 23
Glossary 24
(cid:36)(cid:34)(cid:55)(cid:38)(cid:52)(cid:2)
Caves are underground spaces.
It can take millions of years to create a cave.
4444
THE SECRET DEEP
Underground caves are hidden in the earth. Scientists study
the land looking for clues. Sometimes they find new caves.
(cid:80)(cid:102)(cid:107)(cid:104)(cid:102)(cid:107)(cid:100)(cid:29)(cid:80)(cid:113)(cid:111)(cid:98)(cid:94)(cid:106) (cid:80)(cid:102)(cid:107)(cid:104)(cid:101)(cid:108)(cid:105)(cid:98)(cid:112) (cid:77)(cid:102)(cid:113)(cid:112)(cid:29)(cid:35)(cid:29)(cid:80)(cid:101)(cid:94)(cid:99)(cid:113)(cid:112)
Some rivers travel A cave can form Pits and shafts are
underground. The close to the surface. holes in the earth.
water may flow into The ground over it They are vertical
a cave. is thin. If the ground caves.
breaks, it creates a
sinkhole.
55
UNDERGROUND
D I S C O V E R Y
(cid:80)(cid:113)(cid:108)(cid:107)(cid:98)(cid:29)(cid:64)(cid:101)(cid:94)(cid:107)(cid:97)(cid:98)(cid:105)(cid:102)(cid:98)(cid:111)(cid:112)
Water on a cave ceiling (cid:68)(cid:108)(cid:108)(cid:98)(cid:118)(cid:29)(cid:29)
dries up. It leaves (cid:64)(cid:94)(cid:115)(cid:98)(cid:29)(cid:80)(cid:107)(cid:108)(cid:113)
minerals
behind.
Sticky goo called
The minerals
snottite hangs
become rocks
from cave ceilings.
called
Watch out! Snottite
stalactites.
has bacteria. It can
They can
burn your skin!
look like
chandeliers
.
66
(cid:63)(cid:94)(cid:96)(cid:108)(cid:107)(cid:29)(cid:80)(cid:113)(cid:111)(cid:102)(cid:109)(cid:112)
Cave bacon is made of
mineral-filled rock.
The stripes look like
bacon. It is so thin
you can see light
through it!
(cid:68)(cid:111)(cid:108)(cid:116)(cid:102)(cid:107)(cid:100)(cid:29)(cid:29)
(cid:79)(cid:108)(cid:96)(cid:104)(cid:112)
Stalagmites grow
up from cave floors.
Water drips from the
ceiling. The drops
minerals
have .
The minerals
pile up on
the floor. (cid:64)(cid:94)(cid:115)(cid:98)(cid:29)(cid:77)(cid:108)(cid:109)(cid:96)(cid:108)(cid:111)(cid:107)
Cave popcorn is made
of water drops filled
with minerals. The water
splashes on cave walls
and floors. The minerals
stick together and form
bumps.
777
S U N K E N
(cid:73)(cid:102)(cid:106)(cid:98)(cid:112)(cid:113)(cid:108)(cid:107)(cid:98)(cid:29)(cid:64)(cid:94)(cid:115)(cid:98) (cid:80)(cid:98)(cid:94)(cid:29)(cid:64)(cid:94)(cid:115)(cid:98)
Some places have a lot of limestone Sea caves are created when
underground. Acids in underground waves crash into cliffs. Waves hit
water slowly eat away at the the rocks hard. The water washes
limestone. This creates caves. The away the rock.
caves grow over thousands of years.
88