big enough to be inconsistent TheW.E.B.DuBoisLectures big enough to be inconsistent Abraham Lincoln Confronts Slavery and Race N george m. fredrickson HarvardUniversityPress Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England 2008 Copyright©2008bythe PresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollege Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Fredrickson,GeorgeM.,1934– Bigenoughtobeinconsistent:AbrahamLincolnconfrontsslaveryand race/GeorgeM.Fredrickson. p. cm.—(W.E.B.DuBoislectures) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-674-02774-9(alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-674-02774-4(alk.paper) 1.Lincoln,Abraham,1809–1865—Politicalandsocialviews. 2.Lincoln,Abraham,1809–1865—RelationswithAfricanAmericans. 3.Slavery—Politicalaspects—UnitedStates—History—19thcentury. 4.AfricanAmericans—Civilrights—History—19thcentury. 5.Staterights—History—19thcentury. 6.Federalgovernment—UnitedStates—History—19thcentury. 7.Presidents—UnitedStates—Biography. I.Title. E457.2.F786 2008 973.7092—dc22 2007034018 For Jake and Carlito Contents Preface ix 1 AClashof Images: GreatEgalitarianorHard-CoreRacist? 1 2 FreeSoil,FreeLabor,andFreeWhiteMen: TheIllinoisYears 43 3 BecominganEmancipator: TheWarYears 85 Notes 129 Index 146 Preface more than thirty yearsagoIpublishedanarticle entitled “A Man but Not a Brother: Abraham Lincoln and Racial Equality.”1 Since then a great deal has been writtenonthissubject,someof itdisagreeingwithone ormorepointsthatIhadmade,especiallymydebatable suggestion that Lincoln’s racial views remained essen- tially unchanged until his dying day.2 In this book I wish to return to the subject and broaden it by incor- porating the scholarship of the past three decades as well as devoting greater attention to Lincoln’s view of slavery as an institution or state of being, considered apartfromtheraceof itsvictims. ThebookderivesfromtheDuBoislectures,givenat ix
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