IETPROFESSIONALAPPLICATIONSOFCOMPUTINGSERIES35 Big Data Recommender Systems IETBookSeriesonBigData–CallforAuthors Editor-in-Chief:ProfessorAlbertY.Zomaya,UniversityofSydney,Australia ThetopicofBigDatahasemergedasarevolutionarythemethatcutsacross many technologies and application domains. This new book series brings together topics within the myriad research activities in many areas that analyse, compute, store, manage and transport massive amount of data, such as algorithm design, data mining and search, processor architectures, databases,infrastructuredevelopment,serviceanddatadiscovery,network- ingandmobilecomputing,cloudcomputing,high-performancecomputing, privacyandsecurity,storageandvisualization. Topicsconsideredinclude(butnotrestrictedto)IoTandInternetcomputing; cloudcomputing;peer-to-peercomputing;autonomiccomputing;datacen- tre computing; multi-core and many core computing; parallel, distributed and high-performance computing; scalable databases; mobile computing and sensor networking; green computing; service computing; networking infrastructures; cyberinfrastructures; e-Science; smart cities; analytics and datamining;BigDataapplicationsandmore. Proposals for coherently integrated International co-edited or co-authored handbooksandresearchmonographswillbeconsideredforthisbookseries. Eachproposalwillbereviewedbytheeditor-in-chiefandsomeboardmem- bers, with additional external reviews from independent reviewers. Please email your book proposal for the IET Book Series on Big Data to: Pro- fessor Albert Y. Zomaya at [email protected] or to the IET at [email protected]. Othervolumesinthisseries: Volume1 KnowledgeDiscoveryandDataMiningM.A.Bramer(Editor) Volume3 TroubledITProjects:PreventionandturnaroundJ.M.Smith Volume4 UMLforSystemsEngineering:Watchingthewheels,2ndEditionJ.Holt Volume5 IntelligentDistributedVideoSurveillanceSystemsS.A.Velastinand P.Remagnino(Editors) Volume6 TrustedComputingC.Mitchell(Editor) Volume7 SysMLforSystemsEngineeringJ.HoltandS.Perry Volume8 ModellingEnterpriseArchitecturesJ.HoltandS.Perry Volume9 Model-basedRequirementsEngineeringJ.Holt,S.PerryandM.Bownsword Volume13 TrustedPlatformModules:Why,whenandhowtousethemArielSegall Volume14 FoundationsforModel-basedSystemsEngineering:Frompatternstomodels J.Holt,S.PerryandM.Bownsword Volume15 BigDataandSoftwareDefinedNetworksJ.Taheri(Editor) Volume18 ModelingandSimulationofComplexCommunicationM.A.Niazi(Editor) Volume20SysMLforSystemsEngineering:Amodel-basedapproach,3rdEditionJ.Holt andS.Perry Volume23DataasInfrastructureforSmartCitiesL.SuzukiandA.Finkelstein Volume24UltrascaleComputingSystemsJ.Carretero,E.JeannotandA.Zomaya Big Data Recommender Systems Volume 2: Application Paradigms Edited by Osman Khalid, Samee U. Khan and Albert Y. Zomaya The Institution of Engineering and Technology PublishedbyTheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,London,UnitedKingdom TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnologyisregisteredasaCharityinEngland& Wales(no.211014)andScotland(no.SC038698). ©TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology2019 Firstpublished2019 ThispublicationiscopyrightundertheBerneConventionandtheUniversalCopyright Convention.Allrightsreserved.Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearch orprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,aspermittedundertheCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988,thispublicationmaybereproduced,storedortransmitted,inany formorbyanymeans,onlywiththepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublishers,orin thecaseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicencesissued bytheCopyrightLicensingAgency.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethose termsshouldbesenttothepublisherattheundermentionedaddress: TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology MichaelFaradayHouse SixHillsWay,Stevenage Herts,SG12AY,UnitedKingdom www.theiet.org Whiletheauthorsandpublisherbelievethattheinformationandguidancegiveninthis workarecorrect,allpartiesmustrelyupontheirownskillandjudgementwhenmaking useofthem.Neithertheauthorsnorpublisherassumesanyliabilitytoanyoneforany lossordamagecausedbyanyerrororomissioninthework,whethersuchanerroror omissionistheresultofnegligenceoranyothercause.Anyandallsuchliability isdisclaimed. Themoralrightsoftheauthorstobeidentifiedasauthorsofthisworkhavebeen assertedbytheminaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisproductisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN978-1-78561-977-9(hardbackVolume2) ISBN:978-1-78561-975-5(hardbackVolume1) ISBN978-1-78561-976-2(PDFVolume1) ISBN:978-1-78561-979-3(hardback2volumeset) ISBN978-1-78561-978-6(PDFVolume2) TypesetinIndiabyMPSLimited PrintedintheUKbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword xix 1 Introductiontobigdatarecommendersystems—volume2 1 OsmanKhalid,SameeU.Khan,andAlbertY.Zomaya 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Aboutthebook 3 Acknowledgments 6 References 7 2 Deepneuralnetworksmeetrecommendersystems 9 ShuaiZhang,LinaYao,AixinSun,GuibingGuo,XiweiXu, andLimingZhu 2.1 Preliminary 10 2.1.1 Introductiontorecommendersystems 10 2.1.2 Introductiontodeepneuralnetworks 10 2.2 Introducingnonlinearitytorecommendersystems 12 2.2.1 Deepneuralgeneralizationofcollaborativefiltering 13 2.2.2 Deepneuralgeneralizationoffactorizationmachine 16 2.3 Representationlearningforrecommendersystems 17 2.3.1 Representationlearningwithmultilayerperceptron 17 2.3.2 Representationlearningwithautoencoder 18 2.3.3 Representationlearningwithconvolutional neuralnetwork 18 2.3.4 RepresentationlearningwithWord2Vec 20 2.4 Sequencemodellingforrecommendersystems 21 2.4.1 Session-basedrecommendations 21 2.4.2 Sequence-awarerecommendersystems 23 2.5 Deephybridmodelsforrecommendersystems 24 2.6 Advancedtopics 25 2.6.1 Metriclearning 25 2.6.2 Generativeadversarialnetworks 26 2.6.3 Neuralautoregressivedistributionestimator 27 2.7 Futurechallengesandconclusion 27 References 28 viii Bigdatarecommendersystems,volume2 3 Cold-startsolutionsforrecommendationsystems 35 FarshadBakhshandeganMoghaddamandMehdiElahi 3.1 Introduction 35 3.1.1 Recommendationapproaches 36 3.2 Collaborativefiltering 37 3.3 Activelearninginrecommendersystems 38 3.4 Semantic-basedrecommendersystems 40 3.5 Recommendationbasedonvisualfeatures 42 3.6 Personality-basedrecommendersystems 43 3.7 Cross-domainrecommendersystems 45 3.8 Conclusion 46 References 47 4 Performancemetricsfortraditionalandcontext-awarebigdata recommendersystems 57 RabNawazJadoon,WuYang,andOsmanKhalid 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 CARS—abriefoverview 59 4.3 EvaluationofRSs 59 4.3.1 Evaluationmetrics 60 4.4 DiversityandaccuracymetricsusedinCARS 66 4.4.1 HowrecommendationaccuracyismeasuredinCARS? 66 4.4.2 DiversitymeasurementinCARS 66 4.5 Howtochooseanappropriateevaluationmetrics? 67 4.6 Conclusion 68 Acknowledgments 68 References 68 5 Miningurbanlifestyles:urbancomputing,humanbehavior andrecommendersystems 71 SharonXu,RiccardoDiClemente,andMartaC.González 5.1 Miningshoppingandmobilitypatterns 72 5.1.1 Predictionofshoppingbehaviorwithdatasparsity 72 5.1.2 Addingcontextualinformationtolocationdata 72 5.1.3 Multi-perspectivelifestyles 73 5.2 Data 73 5.3 Discoveringshoppingpatterns 74 5.4 Mobilitypatternextraction 75 5.4.1 Extractingcellulartowerlocationtypes 75 5.4.2 Baselinemethods 77 5.4.3 Characterizingmobilitypatterns 77 5.5 Predictingshoppingbehavior 77 5.5.1 Collectivematrixfactorization 77 Contents ix 5.6 Results 78 5.6.1 Prediction 78 5.6.2 Duallifestyles 78 5.7 Discussion 79 Acknowledgments 79 References 79 6 Embeddingprincipalcomponentanalysisinferenceinexpert sensorsforbigdataapplications 83 RodrigoMarino,JoseM.Lanza-Gutierrez,andTeresaRiesgo 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Relatedwork 86 6.3 Principalcomponentanalysis:problemformulation 87 6.4 Workflowdescription 88 6.5 Embeddedarchitecture 89 6.5.1 System-levelarchitecture 89 6.5.2 PCAinferenceIPdescription 91 6.6 Experimentalmethodology 93 6.7 Experimentalresults 94 6.7.1 8-vs.16-bitarchitectures 95 6.7.2 Hardwarearchitecturevs.multicoreapproach 100 6.8 Conclusions 102 Acknowledgments 102 References 102 7 Decisionsupportsystemtodetecthiddenpathologiesofstroke: theCIPHERproject 107 JoséGonzálezEnríquez,LeticiaMoralesTrujillo, SaraMorenoLeonardo,FranciscoJoséDomínguezMayo, JuliánAlbertoGarcíaGarcía,andManuelMejíasRisoto 7.1 Introduction 107 7.2 Context:theCIPHERproject 109 7.3 Decisionsupportsystem 112 7.4 Validation 114 7.4.1 Dataprocessing 114 7.4.2 Algorithmselection 118 7.4.3 Firstresults 119 7.5 Conclusionsandfutureworks 121 Acknowledgments 122 References 122 8 Bigdataanalyticsforsmartgrids 125 PanagiotisD.DiamantoulakisandGeorgeK.Karagiannidis 8.1 Introduction 125