Bicycle Engineering and Technology PDF
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Bicycle Engineering and Technology Bicycle Engineering and Technology is a primer and technical introduc- tion for anyone interested in bicycles, bicycling and the bicycle industry. With insight into how bicycles are made and operated, the book covers the engineering materials used for their manufacture and the technicalities of riding. It also discusses ways in which the enthusiast may wish to get involved in the business of working with these fantastic machines, which are now being aided with electrical power. The bicycle is a signifcant factor in transportation around the world and is playing an increasingly crucial role in transport policy as we col- lectively become more environmentally conscious. To celebrate the impor- tance of the bicycle on the world stage, a brief history is included along with a detailed timeline showing the development of the bicycle with major world events. Previous knowledge of engineering or technology is not required to enjoy this text, as all technical terms are explained and a full glossary and lists of abbreviations are included. Whether you are a bicycling enthusiast, racer, student or bicycle professional, you will surely want to read it and keep it on your shelf as a handy reference. Andrew Livesey MA CEng is a lecturer in Engineering at Ashford Col- lege University Centre in Kent, England, when he is not riding his bicycle or building something in his garage. He is a member of London Clarion CC and Thanet RC, mixing social riding with charity events and club competitions—he describes himself as an all-round clubman. He also enjoys very fast motorcycles and high-performance cars. He has previously pub- lished with Routledge Basic Motorsport Engineering (2011), Advanced Motorsport Engineering (2012), The Repair of Vehicle Bodies, 7th Edition (2018) and Practical Motorsport Engineering (2018). Bicycle Engineering and Technology Andrew Livesey First published 2021 By Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business. © 2021 Andrew Livesey The right of Andrew Livesay to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with Sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Livesey, Andrew., author. Title: Bicycle engineering and technology / Andrew Livesey. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020031641 (print) | LCCN 2020031642 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367419172 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367419165 (paperback) | ISBN 9780367816841 (ebook) | ISBN 9781000259261 (epub) | ISBN 9781000259124 (mobi) | ISBN 9781000258981 (adobe pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Bicycles--Design and construction. | Bicycles--History. Classification: LCC TL410 .L58 2021 (print) | LCC TL410 (ebook) | DDC 629.227/2--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031641 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031642 ISBN: 978-0-367-41917-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-41916-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-81684-1 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd. Visit the eResources: www.routledge.com/9780367419172 Dedication This book is dedicated to all those cyclists who have helped me on my life-time long cycling journey, and the clubs to which they belong. The clubs, old and new, in no particular order, include: Burnley Clarion CC, Clayton Velo, London Clarion CC, North Lancashire Road Club, Thanet Road Club, V C Meudon. Special individual thanks to: Edward Gilder, Ian Clarke, Alex Southern, Tony Hadland, Mike Burrows, James Burrows and Jay de Villiers and perhaps most importantly to the late Adam Hill for the creation of Hill Special Cycles, he is known as the father of the lightweight cycle industry and his creations the Rolls Royces on two wheels. v vi Dedication The author on his Hill Special, Thanet Road Club Hill Climb Championships 2019, Kent. Additional information on Health and Safety Risk Assessments, Data Sheets, Apprentice Standards and gear ratio calculations can be found on the associated website: www.routledge.com/9780367419172 Contents Foreword xiii Preface xv Abbreviations and symbols xvii 1 Brief history of bicycles and bicycling: Hobby Horse to balance bike—a brief history of bicycles and bicycling 1 Needs and wants 3 Early bicycles 3 Mike Burrows 12 Cycling clubs 18 Timeline 23 2 Holding it together—the frame 27 Diamond frame 29 Cross frame 30 Alternative frames 30 Frame materials 33 Frame sizing and frame ftting 35 Classic frame builders 38 Simple guide to frame design 43 3 Road holding—wheels and tyres 45 Requirements 45 Numbers 46 Radius of gyration and momentum 46 Rim and tyre types 48 Infators 49 vii viii Contents Tyre pressures 50 Rolling resistance 50 Noise 51 Puncture resistance and puncture factor 52 Treads 52 Friction 52 Rims 53 Spokes 54 Hubs 54 4 Making it go—gears and drive 57 Mechanics of gears 57 Gear ratios 58 Chainset 60 Bottom brackets 60 Crank length 61 Blocks or cassettes 62 Cable systems 63 Electronic systems 64 Watt meter 65 Pedal and cleat systems 66 Fixed gear 66 Chains 67 Magic link 67 Tractive effort 68 Calculations 68 5 Stopping—brakes and braking 69 Momentum 69 Kinetic energy 70 Friction 71 Mechnical advantage 72 Pascal’s law 73 Hydraulic advantage 73 Cable versus hydraulic 74 6 Let’s get comfortable—saddles and handle bars 75 Human power 75 Biomechanics and ergonomics 77 Contents ix Standover height 77 Saddle position 78 Handle bars and stem 79 Commuting 82 Endurance riding 83 Cranks 83 How to adjust your position 83 7 Electrical power 85 Rules and regulations 85 Electric bicycle construction 87 8 Add-ons and kit 93 Lighting 93 Computers 94 Accesssories 95 Clothing 96 Bottles/bidons 97 Shoes/cleats 97 Luggage 97 9 Materials for bicycles 99 Manufacture of steel for bicycles 100 Classifcations of steel 102 Alloying metals used with steel in bicycle frames 104 Work hardening and fatigue failure 105 Properties of materials 106 Reynolds tubing 107 Columbus tubing 109 10 Soldering, brazing and welding 111 Comparison of fusion and non-fusion joining processes 111 Soft and hard solders 113 Aluminium brazing 117 Health, safety and the environment 120 Safety measures 122 General equipment safety 123 Gas shielded arc welding (MIG, MAG and TIG) 124
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