Bibliography of scientific publications on antimicrobial resistance from south-east asia region

292 Pages·2005·1.3 MB·English

SEA-HLM-416
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Content
INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE .....................1
BANGLADESH ...........................................3
INDIA ......................................................25
INDONESIA ...........................................177
MYANMAR ............................................193
NEPAL ...................................................199
SRILANKA ..............................................211
THAILAND .............................................219
TIMOR-LESTE ..........................................279
INDEX ...................................................281
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of
Dr Vikas Manchanda of Chacha Nehru Bal
Chikitsalya, Delhi, India and colleagues from
WHO Country Office, India and WHO Regional
Office for South-East Asia in compilation of this
bibliography.
Bibliography of Scientific Publications on
Antimicrobial Resistance From South-East Asia Region
Introduction and Scope
Antibiotics are considered the most important advance
in the history of modern medicine. The impact of the use
of antibiotics for reducing human morbidity, mortality and
economic losses has been phenomenal. This far outweighs
the gains achieved with any other medical advance in the
past century. Yet with each passing decade, bacteria that
defy not only single but multiple antibiotics -- and which
therefore are difficult to control -- have become increasingly
common.
The major threat we now confront is escalating resistance to
antibiotics, which jeopardizes much of the progress made in
the previous century. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now
the most important challenge being faced by humanity in its
fight against infectious diseases. The emergence and spread
of resistance in several microorganisms have rendered the
management of many infectious diseases difficult. Failure to
discover new antimicrobial agents has further hampered the
war against infectious agents.
AMR now is no longer a local problem. It has international
ramifications. In this modern era of travel and trade, resistant
organisms rapidly cross man-made boundaries through
humans or the food chain. The emerging threat of resistance
in malaria, tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) infection is a huge impediment in achieving the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015.
It should be recognized that the evolution of bacterial
resistance is inevitable, but the extent of the damage is
greatly promoted by misuse of antibiotics. The problem
we currently face is the continued growth of antimicrobial
resistance as a result of our use and abuse of these drugs,
which has the obvious unintended consequence of more
resistance.
The scientific evidence for emergence, occurrence and
persistence of antimicrobial resistance is irrefutable.
Thousands of peer reviewed publications are now available.
To consolidate the information from Member States of the
WHO South-East Asia Region, this bibliography of technical
publications in English has been compiled. Apart from
demonstrating evidence about AMR in respective countries,
this document will also help in understanding trends and
mapping of expertise within the Member States in this
important area.
2
Bibliography of Scientific Publications on
Antimicrobial Resistance From South-East Asia Region
BANGLADESH
The Bangladesh-WHO Country Cooperation Strategy1
states that considerable progress is being made to improve
the health of the people of Bangladesh. Over the last
decade, life expectancy at birth has increased, and both
infant and child mortality rates have decreased. There is an
increasingly older population with accompanying specific
health needs. Nevertheless, there remain many areas
of concern over health development. Maternal mortality
remains unacceptably high. Child health in general has
improved, though the neonatal mortality rate remains high
and contributes disproportionately to overall infant mortality.
The immunization programme has been recognized for its
sustained high coverage; however, only 71% of infants are
fully immunized. Measles presents an additional challenge
to the immunization programme with an estimated 20 000
children dying from the disease each year.
Bangladesh is at risk of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. This is due to
the high prevalence of the disease in neighboring countries
and the limited access to counseling and testing services on
account of social stigma. There are also concerns of HIV-
tuberculosis coinfection, with Bangladesh being among the
countries with the highest burden of tuberculosis. Malaria is
endemic in the east and north-east parts of the country with
nearly 11 million people at risk of the most dangerous type
of infection, Plasmodium falciparum, which has the highest
rate of complications and mortality.
Neglected diseases such as kala-azar and lymphatic
filariasis demand more attention. Dengue outbreaks occur
on an annual basis in urban areas and more effort is
needed to control mosquito breeding. There are also threats
from emerging diseases including SARS, Nipah, Japanese
encephalitis and influenza. Diarrhoeal diseases and
pneumonias continue to be major killers. Accordingly apart
from causative agent of malaria, some of the important
bacterial pathogens that are endemic in Bangladesh and
pose considerable risks are causative agents of diarrhoeal
diseases (Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli), TB, pneumonias
(Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae), typhoid
fever and hospital associated infections (Acinetobacter,
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas etc).
1 http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section1430/Section1433/Sec-
tion1618.htm
4
Antimicrobial resistance is an important challenge
for national authorities to combat infectious diseases.
Substantial work has been published from Bangladesh that
indicates the quantum and spectrum of the problem of AMR
in general (2-60). In addition, several papers have been
published in peer-reviewed journals on different pathogens,
namely Acinetobacter species (1), Escherichia coli (61-72),
Klebsiella pneumoniae (73), Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(74-87), Neisseria meningitidis (88-89), Plasmodium species
(90-97), Pseudomonas species (98-105), Salmonella Typhi
(106-129), Shigella species (130-153), Staphylococcus
aureus (154-160) Streptococcus pneumoniae (161-168),
and Vibrio cholerae (169-171).
Acinetobactor species
1. Iqbal Hossain M, Iqbal Kabir AK, Khan WA,
Fuchs GJ. Acinetobacter bacteremia in patients
with diarrhoeal disease. Epidemiol Infect. 1998
Mar;120(2):139-42.
Antimicrobial resistance
2. Khatun F, Faruque AS, Koeck JL, Olliaro P, Millet P,
Paris N, Malek MA, Salam MA, Luby S. Changing
species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility
pattern of Shigella over a 29-year period (1980-
2008). Epidemiol Infect. 2010 May 18:1-7.
3. Haque N, Bari MS, Bilkis L, Hossain MA, Haque S,
Haque N, Islam MA, Mahmud NU, Kalam A, Hasan
MS, Haque MA. Prevalence and antimicrobial
resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus
epidermidis isolated at mymensingh medical
college hospital. Mymensingh Med J. 2010
Jul;19(2):163-9.
4. Naheed A, Ram PK, Brooks WA, Hossain MA,
Parsons MB, Talukder KA, Mintz E, Luby S, Breiman
RF. Burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in a
densely populated urban community, Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 15.
5. Kim HB, Wang M, Ahmed S, Park CH, LaRocque
RC, Faruque AS, Salam MA, Khan WA, Qadri F,
Calderwood SB, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC. Transferable
quinolone resistance in Vibrio cholerae. Antimicrob
Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):799-803.
6. Rahman M, Huys G, Kühn I, Rahman M, Möllby
R. Prevalence and transmission of antimicrobial
resistance among Aeromonas populations from
a duckweed aquaculture based hospital sewage