Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E PDF
Preview Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E
BIBLICAL PEOPLES AND ETHNICITY Society of Biblical Literature ~ Archaeology and Biblical Studies Andrew G. Vaughn, Editor Number 9 BIBLICAL PEOPLES AND ETI-It\TICTIY An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300-1100 R.C.E. AND ETHNICITY L..JA-J'-" Canaanites f 1300-1100 B.C.E. by BIBLICAL PEOPLES AND ETHNICITY An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300-1100 B.C.E. Copyright © 2005 by the Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the] 976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature. 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Killebrew. Ann E. Biblical peoples and ethnicity : an archaeological study of Egyptians, Canaanites. Philistines, and early Israel. 1300-1100 B.C.E. I by Ann E. Killebrew. p. cm. - (Society of Biblical Literature archaeology and biblical studies; no. 9) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-58983-097-4 (paper binding: alk. paper) ISBN-lO: 1-58983-097-0 (paper binding: alk. paper) 1. Palestine-Civilization. 2. Egyptians-Palestine-History. 3. Canaanites. 4. Jews History-To 953 B.C. 5. Philistines. 6. Palestine-Antiquities. 7. Excavations (Archaeology) -Palestine. 8. Bronze age-Palestine. 9. Iron age-Palestine. I. Title. II. Series: Archaeology and biblical studies; no. 9. DS112.K4762005 221. 9'3-dc22 2005013286 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 54321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) and ISO 9706:1994 standards for paper permanence. To My Parents Alfred B. and Jeanne M. Killebrew CONTENTS Acknow ledgmen ts ............................................................................................ xi Abbrevia tions .................................................................................................. xiii List of Illustrations ........................................................................................ xvi Introduction: Peoples and Ethnicity in the Biblical World: A Conceptual Framework ................................................................................ 1 Biblical Archaeology in Its Intellectual Context 3 New Archaeology and Later Theoretical Trends 3 Recent Intellectual Trends in Biblical Studies 5 Theoretical and Analytical Frameworks 6 Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Israelites 10 Egyptians 10 Canaanites 12 Israelites 13 Philistines 14 1. The Age of Internationalism: The Eastern Mediterranean during the Thirteenth Century B.C.E. and the "Crisis" ..................... .21 World Systems Approach 23 Empires, Palace Systems, and City-States 24 Contested Semiperipheries: Cyprus, Coastal Anatolia, and the Dodecanese at the End of the Late Bronze Age 28 Canaan during the Thirteenth Century B.C.E. 32 Crisis at the End of the Bronze Age: Causes and Repercussions 33 The End of the Late Bronze Age: An Interregional Perspective of Transformation 37 2. Egypt in Canaan: Empire and Imperialism in the Late Bronze Age ............................................................................................... .51 Colonialism, Imperialism, and Elite Emulation: A Definition of Terms 53 VIII CONTENTS The View from Egypt: The Textual Evidence 55 The View from Canaan: The Archaeological Evidence 58 Egyptian-Style Architecture 58 Egyptian-Style Artifacts 64 Burial Customs 65 Egyptian Inscriptions 67 A Typology of Egyptian-Style Pottery in Canaan 67 Egyptian-Style Pottery Technology 79 The View from Egypt and Canaan: Conclusions 81 3. Canaan and Canaanites: An Ethnic Mosaic ........................................ 93 Canaan and Canaanites: A Definition 94 Textual Evidence 94 Mari 95 Egypt 95 Alalakh 95 Ugarit 95 Biblical Evidence 96 The Archaeological Evidence 96 Settlement Patterns in Canaan during the Second Millennium 97 Architectural Features of Canaanite Sites 100 Town Planning 100 Palaces 101 Temples 105 Domestic Structures 109 Burials 110 Pottery Associated with Canaanite Sites 110 Typology of Canaanite-Style Pottery and Associated Assemblages 110 Canaanite Pottery Technology 136 Conclusions 138 4. Early Israel: A "Mixed Multitude" ...................................................... 149 The Textual Evidence 150 The Biblical Tradition 150 The Exodus 150 The Israelite "Conquest" and Settlement of Canaan 152 The Egyptian Sources 154 The Israel Stela 154 CONTENTS IX The Karnak 155 155 and Excavation Results from Iron I Sites 157 159 Plateau 165 the Central Highland Regions 168 Galilee and the Beer-sheba Valley 169 Conclusions 171 Characteristic Features of Iron I Material Culture 171 Architecture 171 Diet: Animal Bones 176 Burial Customs 176 177 181 The Four Schools of 181 The Mixed Multitude 184 5. .................. 197 versus Cultural 199 Textual Evidence 202 Sources 202 Medinet Habu 202 Rhetorical Stela Ramesses III 204 Harris I 204 Onomasticon of 204 Biblical Accounts 205 The Archaeological Evidence 206 Settlement Patterns 207 Features the Philistine 209 Urban 209 Installations and Artifacts 210 Burials 218 Cuisine 218 of Philistine 219 Synthesis 230 Philistine 230 Philistine 232
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