Biblical Aramaic Verb List

42 Pages·2016·0.36 MB·English

From the SelectedWorks of Philomena M French
Summer 2014
Biblical Aramaic Verb List
Philomena M French
Available at:https://works.bepress.com/philomena/1/
Biblical Aramaic Verb List
© 2014 Philomena M French Ph.D.

Chapter and verse numbers follow WTT.

Usually where it occurs the jussive has no unique form and is identical to the imperfect –
variations generally occur when the final ן drops. Where the jussive differs from the usual
imperfect it is marked as jussive form – on all other occasions as jussive.

The verb “to be” הוה is unusual in that it prefixes ל to the 3 m s & 3 m & f pl forms. This is the
only verb where this construction is attested in Biblical Aramaic although it is found later in
rabbinic Aramaic, Syriac and Mandaic.

Peal passive/peil participles have identical forms and are listed as peal passive participles.

Prefixed prepositions and the conjunction ו have been removed from verbs. Pronominal suffixes
have been retained.

There are two appendices. Appendix A lists all the forms in alphabetical order together with their
root consonants to enable ease of reference. Appendix B lists all the various forms by tense/voice
and conjugation with more comprehensive explanatory notes. Full paradigms for the strong verb
are listed. Forms which are not attested in Biblical Aramaic are included as these should prove
useful for reading outside the Biblical texts.

Bibliography

Bashoor M Scott – Annotations To The Aramaic Text Of Daniel (2014)
Bashoor M Scott – Annotations To The Aramaic Text Of Ezra (2014)
Brown Francis, Driver Samuel Rolles & Briggs Charles A – Hebrew & English Lexicon
(Hendrickson Publishers Inc 1991)
Gesenius Wilhelm Friedrich – Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon To The Old Testament (1846)
(tyndale archive online edition)
Greenspan Frederick E – An Introduction To Aramaic (corrected second edition)
(Society Of Biblical Literature 2007)
Jastrow Marcus – A Dictionary Of The Targumim, The Talmud Babli And Yerushalmi
And The Midrashic Literature (1926) (tyndale archive online edition)
Jerusalmi Isaac – The Aramaic Sections Of Ezra And Daniel (Hebrew Union College-
Jewish Institute Of Religion 1982)
Johns Alger F – A Short Grammar Of Biblical Aramaic (Andrews University Press 1972)
Koehler Ludwid & Baumgartner Walter – The Hebrew And Aramaic Lexicon Of The Old
Testament (Brill 2000)
Rosenthal Franz - A Grammar Of Biblical Aramaic (Otto Harrassowitz 1961)
Van Pelt Miles V – Basics Of Biblical Armaic (Zondervan 2011)
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Glossary & Abbreviations

Apocopation - occurs rarely, found in lamed he/aleph verbs shortening the verb and causing
changes in the syllabic structure and vocalisation.
Dissimilation – the omission or change of similar or identical sounds
Elided – eliminated or left out
Energic nun – also known as nun energicum. An additional or doubled nun placed between the
verb and suffix.
Gemination – lengthening or doubling
Infinitive Absolute – unqualified verbal noun
Infinitive Construct – modified and in a “genitive” state causing vowel and accent reduction.
Generally governed by prepositions particularly ל
Jussive –the mood for issuing orders, commanding or exhorting
Kethib – traditional written form of text
Metathesis – the switching of consonants
Nasalization – the addition of nun to a word – often occurs instead of gemination
Paragogic – an additional consonant added to the end of a word
Preformative – prefix
Progressive assimilation – when a consonant is assimilation to a following consonant
Pronominal suffix (verbal) – objective pronoun attached to the end of a verb causing vowel and
accent reduction
Prosthetic – a vowel or consonant added by prosthesis (the addition of a vowel or consonant at
the beginning of a word without changing the word’s meaning).
Qere – indication in the margin or elsewhere in a manuscript of the correct reading of text
R1, R2, R3 - first, second and third root consonants
Regressive assimilation – when a consonant is assimilated to a preceding consonant
Sufformative - suffix

דבא
(peal) to perish (haphel) to destroy (hophal) to be destroyed
וּדבַ איֵ peal imperfect 3 m pl jussive form Jeremiah 10:11
דבֵ וֹהתְּ haphel imperfect 2 m s jussive Daniel 2:24
ןוּדבְ ֹהיְ haphel imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:18
הדָבָ וֹה haphel infinitive construct Daniel 2:12, 2:24, 7:26
דבַ וּה hophal perfect 3 m s Daniel 7:11
הזא
(peal) to set light to, heat up a furnace, make hot
אזֵמֵ peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:19
peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:19
הּיֵזְמֵ
+ 3 m s pronominal suffix
ה זֵאֵ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 3:22
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לזא
(peal) to go, walk off
לזַאֲ peal perfect 3 ms Daniel 2:17, 2:24, 6:19, 6:20
אנָלְ זַאֲ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 5:8
וּלזַאֲ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:23
לזֶאֵ peal imperative m s Ezra 5:15
לכא
(peal) to eat, devour, to eat pieces – to slander, accuse
וּלכַ אֲ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:8, 6:25
לכֻ איֵ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:30
לכֻ אתֵ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 7:23
ילִ כֻ אֲ peal imperative f s Daniel 7:5
הלָ כְ אָ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:7, 7:19
ןמא
(haphel) to trust, believe in
ןמִ יהֵ haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:24
ןמַ יהֵ מְ haphel passive participle m s absolute Daniel 2:45, 6:5
רמא
(peal) to say, speak, tell, command, relate
peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:5
תרֵמְ אַ
peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:11
רמַ אֲ
Daniel 2:12, 2:24, 2:25, 2:46
3:13, 3:20, 5:2, 5:29, 6:17,
6:24, 6:25, 7:1, 7:16, 7:23
תרֶמֶ אֲ תרֶמֶ אֲ וַ תנָﬠֲ peal perfect 3 f s Daniel 5:10
אנָרְמַ אֲ peal perfect 1 c pl Ezra 5:4, 5:9
וּרמַ אֲ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:23
peal imperfect 3 m s jussive: Daniel 2:7
רמַ איֵ
imperfect: Daniel 3:29, 4:32
רמַ אנֵ peal imperfect 1 c pl Daniel 2:36
ןוּרמְ אתֵּ peal imperfect 2 m pl Jeremiah 10:11
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רמַ אָ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 4:4, 4:11, 4:20
Daniel 2:5, 2:8, 2:15, 2:20,
רמַ אָ ר מַ אָ וְ הנֵﬠָ peal participle m s absolute
2:26, 2:27, 2:47, 3:14, 3:19,
3:24, 3:25, 3:26, 3:28,
4:16(x2), 4:27, 5:7, 5:13,
5:17, 6:13, 6:17, 6:21, 7:2
רמַ אֱ peal imperative m s Daniel 2:4, 4:6, 4:15
וּרמַ אֱ peal imperative m pl Daniel 2:9
רמַ אמֵ peal infinitive construct Daniel 2:9
peal infinitive construct variant
רמַ מֵ
Ezra 5:11
defective elided א
peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 5:3
ןירִמְ אָ
Daniel 3:4, 4:28, 6:6, 6:7,
6:13, 6:16, 7:5
ןירִמְ אָ ןירִמְ אָ וְ וֹנﬠֲ peal participle m pl absolute
Daniel 2:7, 2:10, 3:9, 3:16,
6:14

ןירִמְ אָ ןירִמְ אָ וְ ןיִנַﬠָ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 3:24
סנא
(peal) to oppress, compel, constrain
סנֵאָ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 4:6
התא
(peal) to come, arrive (haphel) to bring (hophal) to be brought
peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:3, 5:16
התָ אֲ
Daniel 7:22
וֹתאֲ peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:12
ותאֱ peal imperative m pl Daniel 3:26
אתֵ מֵ peal infinitive construct Daniel 3:2
התֵ אָ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:13
יתִ יְהַ haphel perfect 3 m s Daniel 5:13
ויתִ יְהַ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 5:3, 5:23, 6:17, 6:25
היָתָ יְהַ haphel infinitive construct Daniel 3:13, 5:2

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תיִתָ יהֵ hophal perfect 3 f s Daniel 6:18
וּיתָ יהֵ hophal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 3:13
שאב
(peal) to be evil, displeased, distressed
שׁאֵ בְּ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:15
רדב
(pael) to disperse, scatter
וּרדַּבַ pael imperative m pl Daniel 4:11
להב (pael) to frighten, alarm, dismay, terrify (hithpeel) to hurry, hasten

(hithpaal) to be frightened, terrified, alarmed
peal imperfect 3 m s jussive form Daniel 4:16
(cid:84)לָ הֲ בַ יְ
+ 2 m s pronominal suffix
pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:2, 7:15, 7:28
ינִנַּלֻ הֲ בַ יְ
+ 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
pael imperfect 3 m pl jussive form Daniel 5:10
(cid:84)וּלהֲ בַ יְ
+ 2 m s pronominal suffix
pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:16, 5:6
הּנֵּלֻ הֲ בַ יְ
+ 3 m s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
hithpeel infinitive construct Daniel 2:25, 3:24, 6:20
הלָ הָ בְּ תְ הִ
used as a noun
להַ בָּ תְ מִ hithpaal participle m s absolute Daniel 5:9
לטב
(peal) to cease, be discontinued (pael) to stop, bring to an end
תלַ טֵ בְּ peal perfect 3 f s Ezra 4:24
אלָ טְ בָּ peal participle f s absolute Ezra 4:24
וּלטִּ בַ pael perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:23, 5:5
אלָ טָּ בַ pael infinitive construct paragogic א Ezra 4:21, 6:8
תיב
(peal) to pass/spend the night, lodge
תבָ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 6:19
אלב
(pael) to wear away, wear out, (figuratively) harass constantly
אלֵּ בַ יְ pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 7:25
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הנב
(peal) to build (hithpeel) to be built
peal perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:27
הּ תַ יְנַבֱ
+ 3 f s pronominal suffix
peal perfect 3 m s Ezra 5:11
יהִ נָבְּ
+ 3 m s pronominal suffix
peal perfect 3 m pl Ezra 6:14
וֹנבְ
peal imperfect 3 m p jussive Ezra 6:7
ןוֹנבְ יִ
peal infinitive construct 1 Ezra 5:2, 5:11, 5:17, 6:8
אנֵבְ מִ
peal infinitive construct 2 Ezra 5:3, 5:13
אנֵבְּ
old version without מ
היָנְבְ מִ peal infinitive construct 3 paragogic ה Ezra 5:9
ןיִנַבָּ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 4:12, 5:4, 5:11, 6:14
הנֵבְ peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 5:11
אנֵבְּ תְ יִ hithpeel imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 5:15, 6:3
אנֵבְּ תְ תִּ hithpeel imperfect 3 f s Ezra 4:13, 4:16, 4:21
אנֵבְּ תְ מִ hithpeel participle m s absolute Ezra 5:8, 5:16
סנב
(peal) to be angry, become angry, get enraged
סנַבְּ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:12
אעב
(peal) to seek, request, ask, be about to (pael) to call upon, beseech
אﬠָ בְּ peal perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:16, 2:49
אנָיﬠֵ בְ peal perfect 1 c pl Daniel 2:23
וֹעבְ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:13
אﬠֵ בְ אֶ peal imperfect 1 c s Daniel 7:16
הﬠֵ בְ יִ peal imperfect 3 m s Daniel 6:8, 6:13
אﬠֵ בָּ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:12, 6:14
ןיִﬠַ בָ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 6:5

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אﬠֵ בְ מִ peal infinitive construct Daniel 2:18
ןוֹעבַ יְ pael imperfect 3 m pl Daniel 4:33
רקב
(pael) to seek, enquire, investigate (hithpaal) to let search be made
וּרקַּ בַ pael perfect 3 m pl Ezra 4:19, 6:1
רקַּ בַ יְ pael imperfect 3 m s Ezra 4:15
ארָקָּ בַ pael infinitive construct Ezra 7:14
רקַּ בַּ תְ יִ hithpaal imperfect 3 m s jussive Ezra 5:17
ךרב
(peal) to bless (pael) to bless, praise, kneel
(cid:84)רֵבָּ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 6:11
(cid:84)ירִבְּ peal passive participle m s absolute Daniel 3:28
pael perfect 1 c s Daniel 4:31
תכֵ רְבּ
pael perfect 3 m s Daniel 2:19
(cid:84)רִבָּ
compensatory vowel lengthening under R1
(cid:84)רַבָ מְ pael passive participle m s absolute Daniel 2:20
דדג
(peal) to cut, hew down
וּדּגּ ֹ peal imperative m pl Daniel 4:11, 4:20
חוג
(aphel) to break, burst forth, stir up
ןחָ יגִמְ aphel participle f pl absolute Daniel 7:2
רזג
(peal) to cut, divine (hithpeel/ithpeel) to be broken off, cut out
ןירִזְגָּ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:27, 5:11
איָּרַזְגָ peal participle m pl determined Daniel 4:4, 5:7
תרֶזֶגְּתְ הִ hithpeel perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:34
תרֶזֶגְּתְ אִ ithpeel perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:45

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הלג
(peal) to reveal (haphel) to lead off, take into exile
אלֵ גְמִ peal infinitive construct Daniel 2:47
אלֵ גָּ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 2:22, 2:28, 2:29, 2:47
ילִ גֲ peil perfect 3 m s version 1 Daniel 2:19
ילִ גֱּ peil perfect 3 m s version 2 Daniel 2:30
ילִ גְהַ haphel perfect 3 m s Ezra 4:10, 5:12
רמג
(peal) to be complete, finished, perfect
רימִ גְּ peal passive participle m s absolute Ezra 7:12

חבד
(peal) to sacrifice, perform a sacrifice
ןיחִ בְ דָ peal participle m pl absolute Ezra 6:3
קבד
(peal) to cling to, stick together
ןיקִ בְ דָּ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 2:43
רוד
(peal) to live, dwell
רוּדתְּ peal imperfect 3 f s Daniel 4:18
ןוּרדֻיְ peal imperfect 3 m pl (kethib) Daniel 4:9
ןרָוּדיְ peal imperfect 3 f pl (qere) Daniel 4:9
ןירִאֲ דָ peal participle m pl absolute (kethib) Daniel 2:38, 3:31, 6:26
ןירִיְדָ peal participle m pl absolute (qere) Daniel 2:38, 3:31, 6:26
ירֵאֲ דָּ peal participle m pl construct (kethib) Daniel 4:32(x2)
ירֵיְדָּ peal participle m pl construct (qere) Daniel 4:32(x2)
שוד
(peal) to tread down, tread under
peal imperfect 3 f s
הּנַּשִׁ וּדתְ Daniel 7:23
+ 3 f s pronominal suffix (energic nun)

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לחד
(peal) to fear (pael) to frighten, make afraid
ןילִ חֲ דָ peal participle m pl absolute Daniel 5:19, 6:27
ליחִ דְּ peal participle passive m s absolute Daniel 2:31
הלָ יחִ דְּ peal participle passive f s absolute Daniel 7:7, 7:19
pael imperfect 3 m s Daniel 4:2
ינִנַּלִ חֲ דַי
+ 1 c s pronominal suffix (energic nun)
ןיד
(peal) to make a judgment
ןינִאֲ דָּ peal participle m pl absolute kethib Ezra 7:25
ןינִיְאדָּ peal participle m pl absolute qere Ezra 7:25
קלד
(peal) to burn
קלִ דָּ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 7:9
המד
(peal) to resemble, be like
המֵ דָּ peal participle m s absolute Daniel 3:25
היָמְ דָּ peal participle f s absolute Daniel 7:5
קקד (peal) to be crushed into pieces, shattered

(haphel/aphel) to crush, break into pieces
NB gemination metathesis – in haphel/aphel R1 is doubled
וּקדָּ peal perfect 3 m pl Daniel 2:35
תקֶ דֶּהַ haphel perfect 3 f s Daniel 2:45
תקֶ דֵּהַ haphel perfect 3 f s variant Daniel 2:34
וּקדִּהַ haphel perfect 3 m pl Daniel 6:25
קדֵּהַ מְ haphel participle m s absolute Daniel 2:40
קדִּתַּ aphel imperfect 3 f s Daniel 2:40, 2:44
aphel imperfect 3 f s
הּנַּקִ דְּתַ Daniel 7:23
+ 3 f s pronominal suffix (energic nun)

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