BGP Techniques for Network Operators PDF
Preview BGP Techniques for Network Operators
BGP Techniques for Network Operators Philip Smith <[email protected]> APRICOT 2016 22nd – 26th February 2016 Auckland, New Zealand Last updated 21st February 2016 Presentation Slides Will be available on p http://bgp4all.com/ftp/seminars/ n APRICOT2016-BGP-Techniques.pdf And on the APRICOT2016 website n Feel free to ask questions any time p BGP Techniques for Network Operators BGP Basics p Scaling BGP p Using Communities p Deploying BGP in an ISP network p BGP Basics What is BGP? Border Gateway Protocol A Routing Protocol used to exchange routing p information between different networks Exterior gateway protocol n Described in RFC4271 p RFC4276 gives an implementation report on BGP n RFC4277 describes operational experiences using BGP n The Autonomous System is the cornerstone of p BGP It is used to uniquely identify networks with a common n routing policy Autonomous System (AS) AS 100 Collection of networks with same routing policy p Single routing protocol p Usually under single ownership, trust and p administrative control Identified by a unique 32-bit integer (ASN) p 6 Autonomous System Number (ASN) Two ranges p 0-65535 (original 16-bit range) 65536-4294967295 (32-bit range – RFC6793) Usage: p 0 and 65535 (reserved) 1-64495 (public Internet) 64496-64511 (documentation – RFC5398) 64512-65534 (private use only) 23456 (represent 32-bit range in 16-bit world) 65536-65551 (documentation – RFC5398) 65552-4199999999 (public Internet) 4200000000-4294967295 (private use only – RFC6996) 32-bit range representation specified in RFC5396 p Defines “asplain” (traditional format) as standard notation n 7 Autonomous System Number (ASN) ASNs are distributed by the Regional Internet p Registries They are also available from upstream ISPs who are n members of one of the RIRs Current 16-bit ASN assignments up to 64297 p have been made to the RIRs Around 43000 16-bit ASNs are visible on the Internet n Around 200 left unassigned n Each RIR has also received a block of 32-bit ASNs p Out of 12400 assignments, around 9500 are visible on n the Internet See www.iana.org/assignments/as-numbers p 8 BGP Basics Peering A C AS 100 AS 101 B D E Runs over TCP – port 179 p p Path vector protocol AS 102 Incremental updates p “Internal” & “External” BGP p 9 Demarcation Zone (DMZ) A C DMZ AS 100 AS 101 Network B D E AS 102 DMZ is the link or network shared between ASes p 10
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