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Beyond the visible A handbook of best practice in plant UV photobiology PDF

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Beyond the Visible A handbook of best practice in plant UV photobiology edited by Pedro J. Aphalo with Andreas Albert Lars Olof Björn Andy R. McLeod T. Matthew Robson Eva Rosenqvist COST Action FA0906 Beyond the visible A handbook of best practice in plant UV photobiology COST action F0906 ‘UV4growth’ Beyond the visible A handbook of best practice in plant UV photobiology Edited by Pedro J. Aphalo with Andreas Albert Lars Olof Björn Andy McLeod T. Matthew Robson Eva Rosenqvist ©COSToffice2012 Nopermissiontoreproduceorutilisethecontentsofthisbookbyanymeansisnecessary,otherthaninthecaseof images,diagramsorothermaterialfromothercopyrightholders. Insuchcases,permissionofthecopyrightholdersis required. This book may be cited as: COST Action FA0906 — Beyond the visible: A handbook of best practice in plant UV photobiology. NeithertheCOSTOfficenoranypersonactingonitsbehalfisresponsiblefortheusewhichmightbemadeofthe informationcontainedinthispublication. TheCOSTOfficeisnotresponsiblefortheexternalwebsitesreferredtoin thispublication. ESFprovidestheCOSTofficethroughanECcontract COSTissupportedbytheEURTDframeworkprogramme Fullcitation: Aphalo, P. J.; Albert, A.; Björn, L. O.; McLeod, A.; Robson, T. M.; Rosenqvist, E. (eds.) 2012. Beyond the visible: A handbookofbestpracticeinplantUVphotobiology. COSTActionFA0906UV4growth. Helsinki: UniversityofHelsinki, DivisionofPlantBiology. ISBN978-952-10-8362-4(Paperback),978-952-10-8363-1(PDF).xxx+176pp. Firstedition,firstprinting: November2012. PublishedbytheUniversityofHelsinki,DepartmentofBiosciences,DivisionofPlantBiology,Helsinki,Finland. PaperbackeditionprintedthroughCreateSpaceIndependentPublishingPlatform ISBN-13: 978-952-10-8362-4(Paperback) ISBN-13: 978-952-10-8363-1(PDF) TypesetwithLATEXinLucidaBrightandLucidaSansusingtheKOMA-Scriptbookclass. MostdataplotswereproducedwiththeRSystemforstatisticswithpackageggplot2. FlowchartsdrawnwithyEd. EditedwithWinEdt. COST COST —the acronym for European Cooperation in Sci- mentoftheresearchinitiatives)arethemaincharacter- enceandTechnology—istheoldestandwidestEuropean isticsofCOST. intergovernmentalnetworkforcooperationinresearch. Asprecursorofadvancedmultidisciplinaryresearch EstablishedbytheMinisterialConferenceinNovember COST has a very important role for the realisation of 1971,COSTispresentlyusedbythescientificcommunit- theEuropeanResearchArea(ERA)anticipatingandcom- ies of 36 European countries to cooperate in common plementingtheactivitiesoftheFrameworkProgrammes, researchprojectssupportedbynationalfunds. constitutinga“bridge”towardsthescientificcommunit- iesofemergingcountries,increasingthemobilityofre- ThefundsprovidedbyCOST—lessthan1%ofthetotal searchersacrossEuropeandfosteringtheestablishment value of the projects— support the COST cooperation of “Networks of Excellence” in many key scientific do- networks(COSTActions)throughwhich,withEUR30mil- mainssuchas: BiomedicineandMolecularBiosciences; lionperyear,morethan30000Europeanscientistsare Food and Agriculture; Forests, their Products and Ser- involvedinresearchhavingatotalvaluewhichexceeds vices; Materials, PhysicalandNanosciences; Chemistry EUR2billionperyear. Thisisthefinancialworthofthe andMolecularSciencesandTechnologies;EarthSystem EuropeanaddedvaluewhichCOSTachieves. ScienceandEnvironmentalManagement;Informationand A“bottomupapproach”(theinitiativeoflaunchinga CommunicationTechnologies;TransportandUrbanDe- COSTActioncomesfromtheEuropeanscientiststhem- velopment; Individuals, Societies, Cultures and Health. selves), “à la carte participation” (only countries inter- Itcoversbasicandmoreappliedresearchandalsoad- estedintheActionparticipate),“equalityofaccess”(par- dresses issues of pre-normative nature or of societal ticipationisopenalsotothescientificcommunitiesof importance. countriesnotbelongingtotheEuropeanUnion)and“flex- iblestructure”(easyimplementationandlightmanage- Web: http://www.cost.eu v Foreword Thediscoveryofthethinningofthestratosphericozone withactionspectrathatarenotalwaysappropriate. Con- layerinthe1980s,andsubsequentmeasurementsofin- sequent variations in applied dose and spectrum have creasedpenetrationofUV-Binthebiosphere,triggered affectedthereproducibilityofresearchacrossdifferent extensiveresearchinthephotobiologyofUVradiation. laboratories,andhavesometimesnecessitatedextensive Initially,thecentralaimofresearchwastoassesstheim- trialling to repeat published data. A related issue con- pactsofincreasesinUV-Bradiationonvariousorganisms cernstheextrapolationoflaboratorydata,generatedin- andecosystems. Morerecently,thequestionhowcurrent doorsusingartificialUVsourcesand/orfiltrationset-ups, levelsofUVaffectlife-processeshasbecomeincreasingly tomoreecologicallyrelevantscenarios.Thereisnodoubt important. SeveraldecadesofUVresearchhavenowled thatindoorexperimentation,underratherunnaturalcon- to a much more detailed understanding of the, rather ditions,hasgeneratedconceptuallycriticalinformation broad, impacts of UV on plant, microbial and animal about UV-perception, and UV-mediated signalling and life. Emphasishasgraduallyshiftedawayfromastress- genetranscription. Nevertheless,oneimportantlesson dominatedview(sunburninhumansandfarmanimals; learntfromthreedecadesofplantUV-researchisthat macroscopicdamageandgrowthinhibitioninplants)to timespentondevisinganexperimentalset-upthatisas amorebalancedvisionwhichalsoincludesmanysubtle, “environmentallysound”asfeasible,istimewellspent regulatory UV-effects. For example, many vertebrates (climatechangebiologists,pleasetakenote!). gatherinformationfromUVwavelengthswhichtheycan Thisbookentitled“Beyondthevisible: Ahandbookof perceiveduetotheirtetrachromaticcolourvision. Birds bestpracticeinplantUVphotobiology”isanimportant appeartouseUVwavelengthsfororientationandnav- contributiontowardssuchsoundexperimentaldesign, igation,whilebothbirdsandlizardshaveUV-reflective promoting both “good practice” in UV-B manipulation, featuresthatplayaroleinmatechoice. Severalrodents, aswellas“standardisation”ofmethodologies. Writing includinghousemice,canperceiveUV-light,whiletheir an authoritative book that will steer experimental ap- urinefluorescesunderUV,consequentlyithasbeensug- proachesoverthecomingyears,cannoteasilybedoneby gestedthattheserodentsmayuseUVcuesforintraspe- anindividual,butratherrequirestheconcertedeffortof cific signalling. Another mammal able to perceive UV ateamofexpertscientists. Icommendthemainauthor, wavelengthsisthereindeer,whichisthoughttoobtain Dr.PedroJ.Aphalo,whoassembledateamofleadingUV- informationfromdifferentialUVreflectionsofArcticve- scientists,andIcongratulatealltheauthorsonatextthat getation. Plantsarenottobeleftoutofthiswonderful isbothaccessibleaswellasin-depth. Ialsogratefully (for human’s invisible) UV world: One of the most im- acknowledge the financial support of COST (European portantdiscoveriesinplantUV-Bbiologyhasbeenthe Cooperation in Science and Technology), who through identification of a specific UV-B photoreceptor. Thus, COSTActionUV4Growth(FA0906)madeitpossiblefor plantsalso“see”UV-Bandtheso-calledUVR8photore- the main authors to meet, coordinate and write. This ceptorhas,amongothers,beenimplicatedincontrolling issurelyanexcellentexampleofaconcerted,European- thedevelopmentofplantmorphologyinUV-Bexposed wideactivitythatwillboosttheplantUV-Bresearchfield plants. inEuropeandbeyond,foryearstocome. NotwithstandingthesefascinatingadvancesinUVbio- Happyreading, logy, the development of an overarching vision on the biologicalroleofUVwavelengthsremainselusive. This ispartlyduetotheuseofaratherdiverserangeofUV- Cork,August2012 Dr.MarcelA.K.Jansen exposureandquantificationtechnologies,incombination Chair,COSTActionUV4Growth vii

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