Beyond the Pale: The Holocaust in the North Caucasus PDF
Preview Beyond the Pale: The Holocaust in the North Caucasus
Beyond the Pale Rochester Studies in East and Central Europe Senior Editor: Timothy Snyder Yale University Additional Titles of Interest Revolution and Counterrevolution in Poland, 1980–1989: Solidarity, Martial Law, and the End of Communism in Europe Andrzej Paczkowski Translated by Christina Manetti The Utopia of Terror: Life and Death in Wartime Croatia Rory Yeomans Kyiv as Regime City: The Return of Soviet Power after Nazi Occupation Martin J. Blackwell Magnetic North: Conversations with Tomas Venclova Ellen Hinsey and Tomas Venclova Witnessing Romania’s Century of Turmoil: Memoirs of a Political Prisoner Nicolae Margineanu Edited by Dennis Deletant Plebeian Modernity: Social Practices, Illegality, and the Urban Poor in Russia, 1906–1916 Ilya Gerasimov Making Martyrs: The Language of Sacrifice in Russian Culture from Stalin to Putin Yuliya Minkova The Balkans as Europe, 1821–1914 Edited by Timothy Snyder and Katherine Younger An American in Warsaw: Selected Writings of Hugh S. Gibson, US Minister to Poland, 1919-1924 Edited and annotated by Vivian Hux Reed With M. B. B. Biskupski, Jochen Böhler, and Jan-Roman Potocki Polish Literature and National Identity: A Postcolonial Perspective Dariusz Skórczewski Translated by Agnieszka Polakowska A complete list of titles in the Rochester Studies in East and Central Europe series may be found on our website, www.urpress.com. Beyond the Pale The Holocaust in the North Caucasus Edited by Crispin Brooks and Kiril Feferman Copyright © 2020 by the Editors and Contributors All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2020 University of Rochester Press 668 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.urpress.com and Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN: 978-1-64825-003-3 hardback ISBN: 978-1-80010-038-1 ePDF ISSN: 1528-4808 ; v. 24 Cataloging-in-Publication data available from the Library of Congress Cover image credit: Execution site of Jewish refugees in Ladozhskaia identified by Yahad-In Unum. © Yahad-In Unum/Markel Redondo Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi Note on Terminology xv Introduction 1 Crispin Brooks and Kiril Feferman 1 The Caucasus: A Rock in the Grinding Wheels of World History 25 Georgi Derluguian 2 Dwelling at the Foot of a Volcano? Jewish Perspectives on the Holocaust in the North Caucasus 48 Kiril Feferman 3 “Operation Blue,” Einsatzgruppe D, and the Genocide in the Caucasus 69 Andrej Angrick 4 The Kaukasier Kompanie (“Caucasian Company”): Soviet Ethnic Minorities, Collaborators, and Mass Killers 95 Stephen Tyas 5 Mass Executions in Krasnodar Krai: Cross-Checking Sources for the Holocaust in the North Caucasus 118 Andrej Umansky 6 In the Shadow of “Mass Treason”: The Holocaust in the Karachai Region 145 Crispin Brooks vi contents ❧ 7 Rescue and Jewish-Muslim Relations in the North Caucasus 184 Sufian Zhemukhov and William Youmans 8 “We Were Saved Because the Occupation Lasted Only Six Months”: (Self-)Reflection on Survival Strategies during the Holocaust in the North Caucasus 218 Irina Rebrova 9 The Holocaust on Soviet Territory—Forgotten Story? Individual and Official Memorialization of the Holocaust in Rostov-on-Don 241 Christina Winkler Glossary 263 Bibliography 265 List of Contributors 293 Index 295 Illustrations Maps 1 The North Caucasus in 1942: administrative divisions 2 2 The North Caucasus in 1942: main cities and other locations 3 3 Soviet evacuation routes into and out of the North Caucasus in 1941–42 53 4 The Karachai autonomous oblast in 1938 155 Figures 5.1 Viktor M., eyewitness to an execution of Jewish refugees in Ladozhskaia 142 8.1 Tankha Otershtein, during a 2013 interview with Irina Rebrova 221 Tables I.1 The North Caucasus population in 1897 10 I.2 The North Caucasus population in 1939 11 4.1 Gas van killings in the North Caucasus 115 5.1 Executions of Jews in Krasnodar krai in August 1942 (excluding Krasnodar) 121 5.2 Executions of Jews in Krasnodar krai in September 1942 122 viii illustrations ❧ 6.1 Prewar ethnic composition of the Karachai autonomous oblast 157 6.2 Ethnic composition of the districts and major settlements of the Karachai autonomous oblast in 1939 158 6.3 Jewish evacuees in the Karachai autonomous oblast in March 1942 161 6.4 Mass killings of Jews in the Karachai autonomous oblast 171 7.1 The Beslenei orphans’ adopted names 208 7.2 Entry from the Beslenei household record book, with survivor Vova Tseev 213 8.1 Estimates of Jewish victims in the North Caucasus based on Soviet sources 228 Acknowledgments Over the time it has taken for this volume to emerge, the editors have incurred many debts of gratitude. First, we have greatly appreciated the sup- port of our home institutions: the University of Southern California (both the USC Shoah Foundation and USC Libraries Special Collections) and Ariel University. We would like to thank Sonia Kane, Julia Cook, and Rio Hartwell from University of Rochester Press, as well as Professor Timothy Snyder, the series editor, who found interest in the volume and thoughtfully and patiently proceeded with it. The three anonymous readers who reviewed the manuscript for University of Rochester Press provided much insight and guidance to make this a better book. The volume’s authors are all commended for being able to adjust their insights to meet the editors’ requirements. We owe a big thank you to Andy Rutkowski, the USC Libraries Visualization Librarian, for carefully crafting the maps in the book, and to Gabe Vincent and the USC Libraries Interlibrary Loan and Integrated Document Delivery team, who handled numerous obscure and difficult requests. Special men- tion also goes to Ron Coleman at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and Patrice Bensimon at Yahad-In Unum. At various times, Peg Levine, Jared McBride, and Martha Stroud read portions of the manuscript and gave valuable feedback. Crispin is also extremely grateful for the encour- agement of his wife, Yelena, and the humor of his son Sasha, as well as for the inspiration and guidance of his late father, Nicholas Brooks. Kiril is deeply indebted to his father, late mother, and wife for their support and patience in letting him work on the volume.
The list of books you might like
