Beyond the Nation State: Parties in the Era of European Integration PDF
Preview Beyond the Nation State: Parties in the Era of European Integration
Beyond the Nation State Parties in the Era of European Integration David Hanley Beyond the Nation State AlsobyDavidHanley CHRISTIANDEMOCRACYINEUROPE:AComparativePerspective CONTEMPORARYFRANCE(withA.P.KerrandN.H.Waites) KEEPINGLEFT?CERESandtheFrenchSocialistParty PARTY,SOCIETY,GOVERNMENT:RepublicanDemocracyinFrance SOCIAL-DÉMOCRATIEETDÉFENSE(co-editorwithH.Portelli) SPANISHPOLITICALPARTIES(co-editorwithJ.Louglin) Beyond the Nation State Parties in the Era of European Integration David Hanley ProfessorofEuropeanStudies CardiffUniversity,UK ©DavidHanley2008 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-1-4039-0795-0 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, 90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentified astheauthorofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2008by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobalacademicimprintofthePalgrave MacmillandivisionofSt.Martin’sPress,LLCandofPalgraveMacmillanLtd. Macmillan(cid:2)isaregisteredtrademarkintheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries.PalgraveisaregisteredtrademarkintheEuropean Unionandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-51042-9 ISBN 978-0-230-59356-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230593565 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hanley,D.L.(DavidL.),1944(cid:3) Beyondthenationstate:partiesintheeraofEuropeanintegration/ DavidHanley p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4039-0795-0(alk.paper) 1. Politicalparties“EuropeanUnioncountries. 2. European federation. 3. EuropeanUnioncountries“Politicsandgovernment. I. Title JN50.H362007 324.2094“dc22 2007039402 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 For Graeme, in thanks for many years’ friendship. Contents ListofTables viii Acknowledgements ix ListofAcronyms x Introduction:PartiesandTransnationalism 1 1 Parties, Nation States and Beyond: Some General Considerations 8 2 FromInternationaltoTransnationalParty:AHistorical Perspective 31 3 EuropeanSocialDemocracy:RidingtheTideofGlobalisation 62 4 ChristianDemocratsandAllies:IdentityandtheLogicof Numbers 85 5 LiberalsandDemocrats:IntheShadowoftheHeavyweights? 117 6 TheCommunistsandAllies:StillFightingforChange 138 7 DefendingthePeriphery,ProtectingtheEnvironment:The RegionalistFamilyandtheGreens 157 8 Sovereignists,ScepticsandPopulists:AsTransnationalasthe Rest? 179 9 National Parties, Party Families and Their Roads to Transnationalism:AComparativeConclusion 201 Bibliography 217 Index 228 vii O t b 2007174 MAC/BNA P ii 9781403 907950 01 List of Tables 1.1 Partyfamiliesandtheirroadstotransnationalism 16 2.1 PartystrengthinEPsince1979 43 3.1 ThePartyofEuropeanSocialists,2007 65 4.1 TheEuropeanPeoples’Party,2007 91 4.2 TheEuropeanChristianPoliticalMovement,2007 101 5.1 TheEuropeanLiberalDemocratandReformParty,2007 120 5.2 TheEuropeanDemocraticParty,2007 122 6.1 ThePartyoftheEuropeanLeft,2007 148 7.1 EuropeanFreeAlliance/DemocraticPartyofthepeoples ofEurope,2007 161 7.2 TheEuropeanGreenParty,2007 170 8.1 AllianceforaEuropeofNations,2007 181 8.2 EUDemocrats,AllianceforaEuropeofDemocrats,2007 189 8.3 Euronat,2007 197 N.B.: In all the above, parties are given their original title; wherever appropriate,anEnglishversionisprovided. viii O t b 2007174 MAC/BNA P iii 9781403 907950 01 Acknowledgements The CEVIPOL at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, under the energetic andsympatheticleadershipofPascalDelwit,haslongplayedaninvalu- able role in bringing together those of us who labour on these strange beaststhataretransnationalparties.TheCEVIPOFatSciencesPoinParis verykindlyofferedmeavisitingprofessorship,whereafairpartofthis book was written, and I enjoyed immensely the friendly welcome and support of Pascal Perrineau and his colleagues. Much of the fieldwork was done with the help of a British Academy award (SG-39251), for whichIamextremelygrateful. In my work, I was helped by numerous politicians, party officials, academics, journalists and others, to whom my thanks are offered in strict alphabetical order: Maria d’Alimonte, Frank Barrett, Christopher BeazleyMEP,AlexBeels,TimBeyer-Helm,EmmanuelBordez,Jean-Louis Bourlanges MEP, David Boyd, Francis Burstin, Graham Carter, Arnold Cassola,JakobChab,MiguelChevalierMP,HeatherConyngham,John Cusnahan MEP, Pascal Drouhaud, Andrew Duff MEP, Michael Elmer, Bruno Erhard, Heinrich Ettinger, Jill Evans MEP, Patrick Farbiaz, Niall Fergusson, Gilles Garnier, Maud Gatel, Etienne Godin, Radim Gonda, PeterGijsels,AndreasHelle,JanHamacek,RobertHeinrich,PerHeister, Stellan Hermannsson, Milan Horacek MEP, Ellen Kelly, Andreas Klein, Bernhard Kotsch, Ludek Kulacek, Wulf Lapins, José-Luis Linazasoro, Denis MacShane MP, Jan Maertens, Jean Maertens, Wilfried Martens, ElunedMorganMEP,PierreMoscoviciMEP,AnnemieNeyts-Uttebroeck MEP, Jim O’Donnell, Arie Oostlaender MEP, Alojz Peterle MEP, Achim Post, Tony Robinson, Petr Rybar, Helmut Scholz, Philipp Schulmeister, Vladimir Selacek, Reinhold Sohns, Ursula Stenzel MEP, Petr Stepanek, Anthony Teasdale, Stefan Thijs, Gawaine Towler, Anne van Lancker MEP, Jean-Jacques Viseur MP, Margaret Wright, Robert Woodthorpe- Browne,JanZahradilMEP,DanielaZehentner. EdSteenwasatirelesssourceofcontacts,goodhumourandcompan- ionship.DiScarlettandTomLyneweregenerouswiththeirfriendship andhospitality.BarbaraHanleywillbegladtoseetheendofthisbook, having supported the author loyally and patiently during the writing. My thanks go also to Graeme Garrard, Sean Loughlin and Gordon Cumming for their friendship and solidarity. None of the above bears, ofcourse,anyresponsibilityforthecontentsofthisbook. ix O t b 2007174 MAC/BNA P i 9781403 907950 01 List of Acronyms N.B.Thislistcontainstheacronymsmostfrequentlyusedinthetext.All othersareavailableintheappropriatetableandareinanycasealways precededbythefulltitlewhenevertheorganisationfirstappearsinthe text. ADIE AlliancedesDémocratesIndépendantsenEurope AEN AllianceforaEuropeofNations ALDE AllianceofLiberalsandDemocratsforEurope CDI ChristianDemocratInternational(since2001Christian DemocratandCentristInternational) CESP ConfederationofEuropeanSocialistParties EC EuropeanCommunity ECSC EuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity EDD EuropeofDemocraciesandDiversities(nowID) EDP EuropeanDemocraticParty EFA/DPPE EuropeanFreeAlliance/DemocraticPartyofthePeoples ofEurope EGP EuropeanGreenParty ELDR EuropeanLiberalDemocratandReformParty EP EuropeanParliament EPP-ED EuropeanPeoples’Party-EuropeanDemocrats EU EuropeanUnion EUCD EuropeanUnionofChristianDemocrats EUDem EuropeanDemocrats/AllianceforaEuropeofDemocrats GUE/GNV GaucheUnitaireEuropéenne/GaucheNordiqueVerte ID IndependenceandDemocracy(previouslyEDD) ITS Independence,Tradition,Solidarity LI LiberalInternational NEI NouvellesEquipesInternationales PEL PartyoftheEuropeanLeft PES PartyofEuropeanSocialists SIPDIC Secrétariat international des partis démocratiques d’inspirationchrétienne SI SocialistInternational SLI SocialistandLabourInternational(1923–1939) TNP TransnationalParty/Parties UEN UnionforaEuropeofNations x O t b 2007174 MAC/BNA P 9781403 907950 01
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