Beyond Adversity, Vulnerability and Resilience

100 Pages·2016·6.18 MB·English

Beyond Adversity, Vulnerability
and Resilience:

Individual Differences in

Developmental Plasticity
Jay
 Belsky

7
 March
 2016

UC
 Irvine
One
 prevailing
 model
 of

how
 environmental
 factors,

including
 those
 experienced

early
 in
 development,

shapes
 human
 development

is
 the
 dual-­‐risk
 or
 the

diathesis-­‐stress
 model
 of

environmental
 action
Diathesis-Stress
Positive
child outcome
6
4
2
no risk/low susceptibility
0
risk
-2
-4
-6
Negative negative positive
à environment
child outcome
Bakermans-Kranenburg & Van IJzendoorn, 2006
Two
 evolutionary
 questions

challenge
 the
 sensibility
 of

this
 model.
QUESTION
 1:

Why
 would
 nature
 craft
 a

developmental
 system
 for

generating
 disturbances
 in

development?
QUESTION 2:
WHY WOULD NATURAL

SELECTION CRAFT AN ORGANISM

WHOSE FUTURE FUNCTIONING IS
INFLUENCED BY ITS EARLIER
EXPERIENCES?
QUESTION 2
CONSIDERATIONS:

--Plasticity is
“expensive”
--The future is
uncertain.
HOW
 DIFFERENTIAL

SUSCEPTIBILTY

DIFFERS
 FROM

DIATHESIS
 STRESS
Diathesis-Stress vs. Differential Susceptibility
Positive
child outcome
6
high susceptibility
4
2
no risk/low susceptibility
0
risk
-2
-4
-6
Negative negative positive
à environment
child outcome
Bakermans-Kranenburg & Van IJzendoorn, 2006
OUTLINE

I.  Observational Evidence

A.  Temperament
B.  Stress Physiology
C.  Candidate Genes

II. Experimental/Intervention Evidence
A. Temperament
B. Stress Physiology
C. Candidate Genes

III. Conclusions