Between Perception and Action PDF
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi Between Perception and Action OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi Between Perception and Action Bence Nanay 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©BenceNanay2013 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2013 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013953483 ISBN 978–0–19–969537–9 Asprintedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi To Felicitas OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi Contents Acknowledgements ix 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Theicingandthecake 1 1.2 Pragmaticrepresentations 3 1.3 Productdifferentiation 7 2. PragmaticRepresentations 13 2.1 Mediatingbetweensensoryinputandmotoroutput 13 2.2 Theimmediatementalantecedentsofactions 15 2.3 Thedirectionoffit 19 2.4 Pragmaticrepresentationsareperceptualstates 21 2.5 Theargument 23 2.6 Potentialcounterexamples 28 2.7 Pragmaticrepresentationseverywhere 31 3. Perception 33 3.1 Arethereperceptualrepresentationsatall? 33 3.2 Perceptuallyattributedproperties 36 3.3 Sensoryindividuals 49 3.4 Pragmaticrepresentationsandthedorsalvisualsubsystem 62 4. Action 67 4.1 Belief–desirepsychologyanditsdiscontents 67 4.2 Naturalizingactiontheory 75 4.3 Semi-actions 81 4.4 Thelastrefugeofthebelief–desiremodel 86 5. PragmaticMentalImagery 102 5.1 Mentalimagery 102 5.2 Mentalimageryversusperception 105 5.3 Pragmaticmentalimagery 111 5.4 Pretense 115 5.5 Aliefs 121 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi viii contents 6. VicariousPerception 130 6.1 Vicariousperception 130 6.2 Vicariousperceptionversustheoryofmind 134 6.3 Vicariousperceptioninthecognitivesciences 141 6.4 Vicariousemotions 153 6.5 Vicariousperception:thefirststeptowardsdecoupled representation 165 References 168 Index 201 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,31/10/2013,SPi Acknowledgements Thisbookisaboutperception,action,andwhat’sinbetween.It’sabout the whole mind, in other words. It is written for philosophers, but not only for philosophers: it is also for psychologists or other empirical researchers of the mind with theoretical interests, as well as people who are just interested in understanding how the human mind works andhowitisverysimilartoanimalminds. Istartedexploringthecentralclaimsofthisbookalmost20yearsago. Asfarasmyphilosophicalattentiondeficitdisorderallowed,Ihavebeen pursuingtheseclaimseversince.In1995,Ipublishedaverybadpaperin a psychology journal on how we should reject Gibson’s views about perceptionwhilepreservingtheinsightabouttheaction-orientednature ofperception.ThenIwroteastillprettybadMPhilthesisatCambridge University on the “special” mental states that mediate between sensory input and motor output, and then an only slightly better PhD at the University of California, Berkeley on action-oriented perception. I am grateful to my various teachers and colleagues throughout these years (andadmiretheirpatience)fornotdiscouragingmefrompursuingthis project,givenhowunconvincingsomeofmyargumentsreallywere.The hopeisthattheargumentsinthisbookaremuchmoreconvincing. GiventhatIhavebeentalkingtophilosophers,psychologists,etholo- gists,andneuroscientistsaboutthetopicofthisbookfornearly20years, there is no way I canremember everyonewhohelped mewiththinking moreclearlyaboutthetopicofthebook,orevenprovidedwrittencom- mentsonearlierwritten-upversionsofsomeoftheideasinthebook.So Iwon’teventry—ifItried,Iwould,nodoubt,leaveoutmanypeople.But Iamespeciallygratefultothosewhoreadthewholepenultimateversionof the manuscript and provided detailed feedback: Jonathan Cohen, two anonymous referees from Oxford University Press, and my postdocs, MajaSpener,CarolynDiceyJennings,WillDavies,andCraigFrench. Various parts of the book were presented at the following symposia, conferences, and workshops: American Philosophical Association, Pacific Division (San Diego), Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Vancouver), American Philosophical Association,
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