Between mind and nature: a history of psychology PDF
Preview Between mind and nature: a history of psychology
between mind and nature BET WEEN MIND AND NATURE A History of Psychology Roger Smith reaktion books Published by Reaktion Books Ltd 33 Great Sutton Street London ec1v 0dx, uk www.reaktionbooks.co.uk First published 2013 Copyright © Roger Smith 2013 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Smith, Roger, 1945– Between mind and nature: a history of psychology. 1. Psychology — History. I. Title 150.9-dc23 ISBN978 1 78023 098 6 Contents Preface 7 one Early Strands of Mind 9 two The Mind’s Place in Nature 39 three Shaping Psychology 70 four Psychological Society 102 five Varieties of Science 137 six Unconscious Mind 171 seven Individuals and Societies 204 eight Where is It All Going? 238 References for Quotations 283 Index 291 Preface This is a new history of psychology, drawing on half a century of research, from the perspective of a historian of science. It is a critical his- t ory in the sense that it looks at psychology ‘from the outside’: it understands psychological beliefs and activity historically and does not take a psycho- logical way of thought for granted. The book is for everyone interested in human nature and in the relations of the sciences and the humanities. I also hope students and psychologists of all kinds will find stimulus here, though it is not a textbook. Its coverage is unusually full. I write distinctively about the variety of psychological activity and the intellectual and social worlds of which it has been part. The history of psychology covers a field without clear boundaries, and I try to do justice to this. It is possible, though, to read chapters separately. The book has an origin in an earlier and larger study, TheFontana(or Norton) History of the Human Sciences, published some fifteen years ago and out of print. This new book is different, with a sharper focus on psychology and much new material. In places, I have rewritten and brought up to date earlier material where that best suited my purpose; and I have also rewritten material taken from a version of the Fontana/Norton history translated and published in Russia. I keep references to a minimum, listing sources for quotations at the end of the book. In a note on reading at the end of each chapter I suggest some material (mostly relatively recent), not including primary sources, which I find interesting, and where absolutely necessary, I indi- cate sources important for the discussion. As psychology has always been an international undertaking, I give titles of primary sources in the original language, along with a translation or the title of publi ca- tion in English. As for the names of institutions or positions, I use cap itals conservatively (names are often not in English or have changed over the years). 7 between mind and nature A book like this is really a collective work, albeit written in one voice. I build on the scholarship of many people over many years. It is my business to draw on a multiplicity of published work as well as on my own thinking, and it is simply not realistic to list sources comprehensively (it would be a book in itself). But I would here like gratefully to acknowledge my debt. I hope this book shapes collective scholarship into a larger picture. In England, Alan Collins, Jim Good, Graham Richards and Sonu Shamda - sani have especially supported me in such a project, along with Ben Hayes at Reaktion Books, who launched it. I have written the book in Moscow, after taking early retirement from the history department at Lancaster University in the uk, and a little bit of the Russian influence, not least that of Irina Sirotkina, is evident, in addition to all the support which Lancaster gave me earlier for teaching and research. 8
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