Between Damnation and Starvation: Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745-1855 PDF
Preview Between Damnation and Starvation: Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745-1855
Between Damnation and Starvation Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745—1855 In 1997 the Canadian constitution was amended to remove the denominational rights of Newfoundland churches regarding educa- tion, erasing the last vestiges of a uniquely organized society. Until the 1950s and 1960s Newfoundland had been characterized by an electoral map drawn to denominational specifications, cabinet and civil-service positions allocated on a per capita sectarian basis, and government expenditures divided according to denominational proportions of the total population. While some scholars have focused on various aspects of the denominational origins of the education system, and others have revealed the influence of religion on the electoral results of the pre-1 864 period, the complete story has never been told. In Between Damnation and Starvation John Greene presents for the first time a far-reaching analysis of the origins and evolution of developments in both religion and politics in Newfoundland. He reveals the full details of political struggles, presenting them against the back- ground of the historical evolution of churches in the century prior to the granting of representative institutions. Between Damnation and Starvation provides a comprehensive treatment of a complex subject, taking into account the social, economic, and political developments of the entire period. JOHN P. GREENE is a writer and researcher living in Newfoundland. MCGILL-QUEEN'S STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF RELIGION Volumes in this series have been supported by the Jackman Foundation of Toronto. SERIES TWO In memory of George Rawlyk Donald Harman Akenson, Editor Marguerite Bourgeoys and Montreal, The Waning of the Green 1640—1665 Catholics, the Irish, and Identity in Patricia Simpson Toronto, 1887-1922 Mark G. McGowan Aspects of the Canadian Evangelical Experience Good Citizens Edited by G.A. Rawlyk British Missionaries and Imperial States, 1870-1918 Infinity, Faith, and Time lames G. Greenlee and Christian Humanism and Renaissance Charles M. Johnston, editors Literature John Spencer Hill The Theology of the Oral Torah Revealing the Justice of God The Contribution of Presbyterianism Jacob Neusner to the Maritime Provinces of Canada Charles H.H. Scobie and Gentle Eminence G.A. Rawlyk, editors A Life of George Bernard Cardinal Flahiff Labour, Love, and Prayer P. Wallace Platt Female Piety in Ulster Religious Literature, 1850-1914 Culture, Religion, and Demographic Andrea Ebel Brozyna Behaviour Catholics and Lutherans in Alsace, Religion and Nationality in Western 1750-1870 Ukraine Kevin McQuillan The Greek Catholic Church and the Ruthenian National Movement in Between Damnation and Starvation Galicia, 1867—1900 Priests and Merchants in John-Paul Himka Newfoundland Politics, 1745—1855 John P. Greene SERIES ONE G.A. Rawlyk, Editor 1 Small Differences 10 God's Peoples Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, Covenant and Land in South Africa, 1815—1922 Israel, and Ulster An International Perspective Donald Harman Akenson Donald Harman Akenson 11 Creed and Culture 2 Two Worlds The Place of English-Speaking The Protestant Culture of Catholics in Canadian Society, Nineteenth-Century Ontario 1750—1930 William Westfall Terrence Murphy and Gerald Stortz, editors 3 An Evangelical Mind Nathanael Burwash and the i 2 Piety and Nationalism Methodist Tradition in Canada, Lay Voluntary Associations and the 1839-1918 Creation of an Irish-Catholic Marguerite Van Die Community in Toronto, 1850-1895 Brian P. Clarke 4 The Devotes Women and Church in 13 Amazing Grace Seventeenth-Century France Studies in Evangelicalism in Elizabeth Rapley Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States 5 The Evangelical Century George Rawlyk and Mark A .Noll, College and Creed in English Canada editors from the Great Revival to the Great Depression 14 Children of Peace Michael Gauvreau W. John Mclntyre 6 The German Peasants' War and 15 A Solitary Pillar Anabaptist Community of Goods Montreal's Anglican Church and James M. Stayer the Quiet Revolution John Marshall 7 A World Mission Canadian Protestantism and the 16 Padres in No Man's Land Quest for a New International Order, Canadian Chaplains and 1918—1939 the Great War Robert Wright Duff Crerar 8 Serving the Present Age 17 Christian Ethics and Political Revivalism, Progressivism, and the Economy in North America Methodist Tradition in Canada A Critical Analysis of U.S. and Phyllis D. Airhart Canadian Approaches P. Travis Kroeker 9 A Sensitive Independence Canadian Methodist Women 18 Pilgrims in Lotus Land Missionaries in Canada and Conservative Protestantism in British the Orient, 1881-1925 Columbia, 1917—1981 Rosemary R. Gagan Robert K. Burkinshaw 19 Through Sunshine and Shadow 23 Evangelism and Apostasy The Woman's Christian Temperance The Evolution and Impact of Union, Evangelicalism, and Reform Evangelicals in Modern Mexico in Ontario, 1874—1930 Kurt Bowen Sharon Cook 24 The Chignecto Covenanters 20 Church, College, and Clergy A Regional History of Reformed A History of Theological Education at Presbyterianism in New Brunswick Knox College, Toronto, 1844—1994 and Nova Scotia, 1827 to 1905 Brian J. Eraser Eldon Hay 21 The Lord's Dominion 25 Methodists and Women's Education The History of Canadian Methodism in Ontario, 1836-1925 Neil Semple Johanna M. Selles 22 A Full-Orbed Christianity 26 Puritanism and Historical The Protestant Churches and Social Controversy Welfare in Canada, 1900-1940 William Lamont Nancy Christie and Michael Gauvreau Between Damnation and Starvation Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745-185 5 JOHN P. GREENE McGill-Queen's University Press Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca © McGill-Queen's University Press 1999 ISBN 0-7735-18800 Legal deposit fourth quarter 1999 Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec Printed in Canada on acid-free paper Reprinted 2000 This book was first published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) for its activities. We also acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Greene, John P. Between damnation and starvation: priests and merchants in Newfoundland politics, 1745-1855 (McGill-Queen's studies in the history of religion) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7735-1880-0 1. Church and state - Newfoundland - History - 19th century. 2. Newfoundland - Politics and government - 1763—1855. 1. Tide. 11. Series. FC2172.G74 1999 971.8'oi 099-900907-9 FI 123.074 1999 Typeset in New Baskerville 10/12 by Caractera inc., Quebec City To Sheila This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii Maps xiv Introduction 3 1 Religious Competition, 1745-1825 10 2 The Anglican Response, 1820—34 26 3 Bishop Fleming and Newfoundland Catholicism, 1829-37 47 4 Religion and Politics, 1832-36 68 5 The Catholic Crusade, 1836-38 108 6 Checkmating Reform, 1837—41 135 7 Constitutional Change, 1837-47 167 8 The Rise of Philip Little, 1848-52 197 9 Religion and Electoral Representation, 1852—54 234 10 The Election of 1855 253 Conclusion 269
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