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PRELIMINARI.qxd 9-02-2009 16:30 Pagina I ELIANA CAMINADA MARIA GIROTTO NICHOLAS HOGG ANTONIETTA MEO PAOLA PERETTO Between Courses An English Journey through International Catering Third Edition EDITORE ULRICO HOEPLI MILANO PRELIMINARI.qxd 19-02-2009 15:16 Pagina II UN TESTO PIÙ RICCO E SEMPRE AGGIORNATO Alla pagina web www.hoeplieditore.it/4228-9sono disponibili: ● materiali didatticiintegrativi; ● eventuali aggiornamentidel testo; ● un estratto esemplificativo del volumein formato PDF che può essere consultato, scaricato e stampato. Copyright © Ulrico Hoepli Editore S.p.A. 2009 via Hoepli 5, 20121 Milano (Italy) tel. +39 02 864871 – fax +39 02 8052886 e-mail [email protected] www.hoepli.it Tutti i diritti sono riservati a norma di legge e a norma delle convenzioni internazionali ISBN 978-88-203-4228-9 Ristampa: 4 3 2 1 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Copertina: MN&CG S.r.l., Milano Realizzazione editoriale: Thèsis Contents S.r.l., Firenze-Milano Impaginazione: Federica Buoncristiani Redazione: Marco Rosati Stampa: STIAV S.r.l., Firenze Printed in Italy PRELIMINARI.qxd 9-02-2009 16:30 Pagina III SUMMARY Unit 1 FOOD AND CULTURE Man and Food .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Cooking in Ancient Greece ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Food during Roman Times ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Food in the Medieval Period .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 The many Faces of Cooking .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Unusual Ingredients .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 The Tomato, a beloved Passion .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Nutritional Qualities of Tomatoes ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 The British Isles and the UK Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19 Introduction Piedmont • The Aosta Valley Unit 2 FOOD AND TRADITION British Meals ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 A Taste of Britain .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Festive Days ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Drinking Tea: just a British Habit? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Tea in Britain today .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 44 London Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50 Lombardy • Veneto Unit 3 FOOD FOR THOUGHT Agricultural Revolution .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Coffee .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Fair Trade .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 64 Cocoa .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 67 Australia • New Zealand Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 71 Trentino-Alto Adige • Friuli-Venezia Giulia Unit 4 HERBS AND SPICES IN COOKING Herbs ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 75 Some aromatic Herbs used in Cooking .............................................................................................................................................................. 76 Spices ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79 Some common Spices used in Cooking ............................................................................................................................................................ 81 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 85 The East Indies • Kuala Lampur Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 88 ..............Unit 5 INTERNATIONAL COOKING Liguria • Tuscany PRELIMINARI.qxd 9-02-2009 16:30 Pagina IV Unit 5 INTERNATIONAL COOKING From Muddy Fields… The golden Grains of Life ........................................................................................................................................ 95 Great eating Adventures in South-East Asia .................................................................................................................................................. 97 Spicy India .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 101 Far Eastern Cuisine .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 102 Mexican Cuisine .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Pasta: an Italian Passion? .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 104 Where does Pizzacome from? .................................................................................................................................................................................... 108 The Bread Eaters .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 110 All the World loves a Potato ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 112 Meat Lovers ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 115 Fish Lovers ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 117 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 120 Jamaica Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 122 Emilia Romagna Unit 6 THE WORLD OF WINE Drinking Wine .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 127 Modern Wine .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 128 Choosing Wine .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 131 How to read a Label .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 133 European Wines............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 134 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 142 California • San Francisco • Hollywood • Californian Wines Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 151 The Marches • Umbria Unit 7 BEER AND CIDER The History of Beer ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 155 The Brewing Process ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 157 Types of Beer .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 160 Types of Beer Glasses .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 163 Cider and Perry. What are they, and how are they made .......................................................................................................... 164 Cooking with Beer and Cider ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 165 Pubs .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 167 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 172 Ireland Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 175 Abruzzo and Molise Unit 8 LIQUEURS AND COCKTAILS Spirits .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 179 Brandy .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 180 Cognac ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 181 Scotch Whisky ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 182 Rum ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 184 Tequila .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 186 Gin .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 187 PRELIMINARI.qxd 9-02-2009 16:31 Pagina V Grappa.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 189 Liqueurs .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 191 Home-made Liqueurs ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 193 Cocktails .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 194 Long Drinks ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 196 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 198 Scotland • Edinburgh Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 204 Latium • Campania Unit 9 FOOD AND RELIGION Eating Habits and Religion ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 211 Islam: Alcohol and Taboos ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 212 Kashruth: Jewish dietary Laws ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 214 Jewish Cooking ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 216 The Roots of Vegetarianism: Veda .......................................................................................................................................................................... 219 Fasting and Religions .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 221 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 223 India Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 227 Apulia • Basilicata • Calabria Unit 10 FOOD AND HEALTH Food, Health and Fitness .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 237 Diets .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 238 Lifestyle Diets .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 240 Food Allergies .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 247 Food Intolerances ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 249 Eating Disorders ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 250 Anorexia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 251 Bulimia .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 252 Food, Fashion and Advertising .................................................................................................................................................................................... 254 Advertising Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 255 Civilization ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 260 The USA Recipes & Wines ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 265 Sicily • Sardinia GRAMMAR POINT Modal Verbs ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 270 Linking Words .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 276 Relative Pronouns ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 280 Present Perfect .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 282 Past Perfect ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 283 Passive Form .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 285 If Clauses .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 289 Reported Speech ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 293 Say/Said and Tell/Told ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 294 GLOSSARY PRELIMINARI.qxd 9-02-2009 16:31 Pagina VI TRACK LIST CD-AUDIO Unit 1 FOOD AND CULTURE Unit 6 THE WORLD OF WINE Exercise 17 page 17 track 02 Exercise 14 page 132 track 19 Exercise 27 page 25 track 03 Exercise 31 page 141 track 20 Exercise 36 page 144 track 21 Unit 2 FOOD AND TRADITION Exercise 40 page 148 track 22 Exercise 6 page 29 track 04 Exercise 7 page 30 track 04 Unit 7 BEER AND CIDER Exercise 14 page 37 track 05 Exercise 6 page 162 track 23 Exercise 18 page 40 track 06 Exercise 13 page 166 track 24 Exercise 22 page 43 track 07 Exercise 21 page 174 track 25 Exercise 24 page 46 track 08 Exercise 25 page 46 track 08 Unit 8 LIQUEURS AND COCKTAILS Exercise 29 page 48 track 09 Exercise 16 page 185 track 26 Exercise 31 page 49 track 10 Exercise 20 page 187 track 27 Exercise 24 page 188 track 28 Unit 3 FOOD FOR THOUGHT Exercise 28 page 190 track 29 Exercise 13 page 61 track 11 Exercise 36 page 195 track 30 Exercise 26 page 70 track 12 Exercise 42 page 200 track 31 Unit 4 HERBS AND SPICES IN COOKING Exercise 45 page 202 track 32 Exercise 4 page 77 track 13 Unit 9 FOOD AND RELIGION Exercise 14 page 83 track 14 Exercise 22 page 86 track 15 Exercise 9 page 218 track 33 Unit 5 INTERNATIONAL COOKING Unit 10 FOOD AND HEALTH Exercise 6 page 99 track 16 Exercise 13 page 245 track 34 Exercise 24 page 114 track 17 Exercise 21 page 247 track 35 Exercise 34 page 119 track 18 Exercise 35 page 259 track 36 PRELIMINARI.qxd 19-02-2009 15:05 Pagina 1 PREFAZIONE Il testo, fortemente rinnovato sia nei contenuti sia nell’apparato iconografico, è destinato agli studenti del biennio postqualifica degli Istituti professionali per i servizi alberghieri e della ristorazione, indirizzo Tecnico dei servizi della ristorazione, ed è, come suggerisce il titolo, un’opera che offre molti possibili “percorsi” attraverso la cucina italiana e la ristorazione internazionale in rapporto alla cultura, alle tradizioni, alla storia sociale, alla religione, alla dietetica, alle nuove tecnologie e alle più recenti scoperte scientifiche. Si propone come obiettivo di ampliare le conoscenze dello studente e di stimolarlo a riflettere in modo nuovo su aspetti significativi della realtà lavorativa in cui si troverà a operare, attraverso un efficace raccor- do fra lingua, grammatica, microlingua e civiltà. Presenta una struttura più snella rispetto a quella delle precedenti edizioni, i contenuti sono infatti arti- colati in 10 unità tematiche (di cui una completamente nuova) ognuna delle quali propone una sezione di civiltà dedicata a un’area geografica anglofona che ne mette in risalto sia le caratteristiche fisiche ed economiche sia gli aspetti turistici legati al mondo della ristorazione. Chiude ogni unità una panoramica relativa a una o più regioni italiane che pone particolare rilievo sugli aspetti enogastronomici più carat- teristici di ognuna di esse. Una vasta tipologia di esercizi, anche grammaticali, adeguati al livello di conoscenza e alle competenze via via acquisite, costituisce un valido strumento per sviluppare le abilità linguistiche degli allievi e per arric- chirne il lessico relativo alla ristorazione. Le sezioni grammaticali presenti nelle precedenti edizioni sono state riorganizzate e raccolte in appendice al volume, formando così una vera e propria grammar bank a cui gli studenti possono attingere per ripassa- re strutture grammaticali e funzioni comunicative nonché per verificare le proprie competenze svolgendo gli esercizi proposti nella sezione. Anche il glossario – compattato come la sezione di grammatica in appendice al testo – non è solo una rac- colta dei vocaboli inerenti al mondo della ristorazione incontrati nelle letture proposte, ma un vero e pro- prio strumento di lavoro contenente numerosi termini relativi anche all’ambito culturale, sociale ed econo- mico delle aree geografiche argomento del testo. Sono state potenziate le attività di conversazione e di ascolto, pertanto più che mai il CD-Audio allegato rappresenta un valido supporto all’apprendimento e al consolidamento delle abilità orali, in quanto contie- ne numerosi dialoghi, interviste, conversazioni e brani relativi agli argomenti trattati nel volume. Nel Teacher’s Book sono messe a disposizione dell’insegnante le soluzioni di tutti gli esercizi a risposta chiu- sa e una serie di prove (in tutto 10, una per ogni unità) che, grazie alla loro particolare struttura, possono essere utilizzate sia come verifiche sommative sia come esercizi formativi. L’ultima sezione di ogni prova strutturata offre una simulazione della terza prova dell’esame di Stato e pertanto è valutata in quindicesimi. ELIANA CAMINADA MARIA GIROTTO NICHOLAS HOGG ANTONIETTA MEO PAOLA PERETTO Unit1.qxd 9-02-2009 18:27 Pagina 2 Unit 1 Food and Culture appetizer menu Man and Food Civilization: the British Isles Do you know anything about how peo- and the UK ple ate in the past? Cooking in Ancient Greece Recipes & Wines: Have you ever heard of liquamen? Food during Roman Times Introduction Do you know anything about food Food in the Medieval Period Piedmont and Aosta Valley in the medieval period? The many Faces of Cooking What does cooking mean to you? Unusual Ingredients Have you ever heard of cooking The Tomato, a beloved described as an art form? Passion What do you think are the most Nutritional Qualities “artistic” materials used in cooking? of Tomatoes Where do you think the tomato comes from? When did it come to Europe? Unit1.qxd 9-02-2009 18:27 Pagina 3 Food and Culture 3 Man and Food Pre-reading questions a What do you think about food? b Have you ever followed a diet? c Do you eat more vegetables than meat? d What should a balanced diet be like? Food is life. Prehistoric man lived on what he hunt- Food has played a part in many areas of human ed or fished and on vegetables and he ate every- life, e.g. religion, where eating taboos distinguish dif- thing raw. Later, when he began to cook food, it ferent beliefs or medicine which has established became more digestible and improved his health. A dietary principles. big problem mankind has always faced is getting Natural, wholesome eating, as well as paying enough food to survive. The everyday struggle to attention to quality and quantity, is becoming more find food has moulded the destiny of mankind, and more common since we are now conscious that caused wars and determined the expansion and eating healthily keeps us in good shape. development (or the disappearance) of peoples. In the past, only a few people could regard food as a source of pleasure and a way to show power and wealth. Food is history, without it there would be neither mankind nor history. The food that most people eat nowadays is the result of evolution and a process of selection. Originally, the type of food man hunted depend- ed on the environment he lived in and then later his tastes and preferences played a part in the process, too. People in cold countries ate food with a high level of fat to fight the cold, in hot countries they used a lot of pungent spices that stimulated thirst meaning they drank a lot to replace the liquids they had lost sweating. Many eating patterns have been Andy Warhol, Two Hundred Campbell’s Soup Cans founded on such factors. (detail), 1962, John and Kimiko Powers Collection. exercises 1 Read the passage and say if these statements are true or false. Correct the false ones. TRUE FALSE 1 Prehistoric man ate cooked food. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Many people face problems getting enough food to eat. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 The destiny of mankind has been moulded by the search for food. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Unit1.qxd 9-02-2009 18:27 Pagina 4 4 Unit 1 TRUE FALSE 4 Food was a way for many people to show their power. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Man ate fat-free food to fight cold. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Pungent spices were used in hot countries. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 There is a close link between food and religion. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 People are paying more and more attention to what they eat. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Match the words in column Awith the ones in column B according to their meaning. A B 1 overweight a tendency 2 raw b permitted 3 moulded c based 4 allowed d uncooked 5 replace e influenced 6 founded f substitute 7 trend g fat 3 Read the passage again and answer the following questions. 1 What did prehistoric man live on? .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 What has the search for food sometimes caused? ........................................................................................................................................ 3 What was food for rich people? ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 What did people living in cold countries eat? ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 What was medicine once based on? .......................................................................................................................................................................... Cooking in Ancient Greece Greek cooking was essentially simple. In classical produce perfumed ointments. Oil was also extract- Greece, farmers ate dough, porridge and bread all ed from nuts. Crete produced good quality oil for made of barley. They added olives, figs and goat export. Greece was also famous for the production cheese to this staple diet. of quality wines. Greeks, like the Romans, used to They used to drink goat’s milk, water or wine. drink a mixture of wine. In ancient Greece during Meat was mostly used on religions occasions or the famous symposia much more importance was at feasts. Until the fifth century B.C. rich and poor given to the final speech than to the banquet itself: people alike ate almost the same thing. food was not “the main course”. When the appetis- Rich people drank more wine and ate more meat er tray was introduced in the city of Athens, it was than poor people. Olives were widely grown. Oil considered a sign of stinginess because it left people was used as food, as medicine, to provide light and feeling hungry.
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