between abu simbel sudan frontier

538 Pages·2009·53.99 MB·English

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THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
ORIENTAL INSTITUTE NUBIAN EXPEDITION
VOLUME III
EXCAVATIONS BETWEEN ABU SIMBEL
AND THE SUDAN FRONTIER
THE A-GROUP ROYAL CEMETERY AT QUSTUL:
CEMETERY L
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CAMPAGNE INTERNATIONALE POUR LA SAUVEGARDE
DES MONUMENTS DE LA NUBIE
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
ORIENTAL INSTITUTE NUBIAN EXPEDITION
VOLUME III
Excavations Between Abu Simbel and the Sudan Frontier
KEITH C. SEELE, Director
PART 1:
THE A-GROUP ROYAL CEMETERY
AT QUSTUL: CEMETERY L
by
BRUCE BEYER WILLIAMS
THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
CHICAGO ILLINOIS
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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 86-7032()
ISBN:
-918986-46-X
The Oriental Institute, The University of Chicago
1986 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved
Published 1986. Printed in the United States of America
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.. pour une histoire plus large et plus humaine.
Marc Bloch, 1941
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ...... ............................................ ix
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................... . xi
LIST OF PLATES . .................................................... xv
LIST OF TEXT AND REGISTER ABBREVIATIONS ............................. xix
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................ . xxi
LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS .............................. xxx
DEDICATION.................................... ...... xxxi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................... xxxii
PREFACE, Diederika M. Seele
A. Adapted from the Preface to Oriental Institute Nubian Expedition V . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
B. The Discovery of Cemetery L at Qustul ............................. xxxvi
INTRODUCTION
A. Cemetery L and Egyptian History ................................ 1
B. The Concession ........................................ . 2
1. THE OCCURRENCE, DATE, AND CHARACTER OF A-GROUP REMAINS IN CEMETERIES AND
CEMETERY L
A. The Occurrence of A-Group .................................. 9
B. The Chronology of A-Group .................................. 12
C. The A-Group Tombs ..................................... 14
2. THE POTTERY
A. Traditions in the Pottery of A-Group Nubia .......................... 21
B. Basic Choices in A-Group Pottery Making ........................... 22
C. The Classification
a. A-Group and Other Local Pottery ............................ . 27
b. Egyptian Pottery ...................................... . 67
c. Pottery of Syro-Palestinian Tradition . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
D. Conclusion: The Pottery of Cemetery L and Traditions in Nubia Before the New Kingdom. . . 81
3. THE OBJECTS
A. The A-Group Objects ........................................... . 108
B. The Egyptian Objects ........................................... . 123
4. EPIGRAPHIC AND ARTISTIC EVIDENCE
A. Incense Burners .............................................. . 138
B. Marks on Pottery ............................................. . 147
C. Sculpture ................................................. . 150
D. Painted Pottery ............................................. . 152
E. Glyptic. ................................................... 157
5. CONCLUSION: THE ROYAL CEMETERY OF TA-SETI
A. The Date of Cemetery L ..... .... . ................................... 163
B. The Relative Chronology of Tombs Within Cemetery L ........ ................... 165
C. The Historical Problem of the Late Predynastic Period and Cemetery L .................. 172
D. Cemetery L and Pharaonic Monuments Before the First Dynasty ..................... 177
E. Cemetery L and Egyptian History ........................................ 182
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F. Cemetery L, A--Group, and Nubia. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... .... .... 183
G. Concluding Remarks .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... 185
APPENDIX: CLASSIFICATION AS AN ENTERPRISE. .. .. ........... ........ ...... 191
REGISTER OF FINDS. .. .. ..... ....... ........ ....... ....... ...... 196
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LIST OF TABLES
1. Chronological Designations in the A-Group.. . ........................ 19
2. Background for a Chronology of the A-Group... ....................... 10
3. The Relative Chronology of A-Group and the Egyptian Predynastic.................. 13
4. The Chronology of A-Group Tombs and Deposits at Qustul and Adindan.............. 14
5. Register of Tomb Types at Qustul and Adindan........................... 16
6. Classes of Tombs and Loci in A-Group Nubia........................... 17
7. Designation of Choice-Level in Classifying A-Group Pottery................. . .. 27
8. Designation of Elements Used to Classify Form Group I....................... 29
9. Register of Form Group I, Exterior Painted Pottery.. ........................ 31
11,
10. Register of Form Group Ripple-Burnished Pottery.. . .................. 62
11. Register of Form Group IV, Painted and Incised-Impressed Pottery................. 64
12. Register of Form Group V. Interior Painted Bowls.. . ..................... 66
13. Shapes of Form Group VI allha. A-Group Simple Fine Pottery................... 74
14. Register of Form Group VI alpha., A-Group Simple Fine Pottery................... 75
15. Register of Form Group Vl beta, Miniature Cups.. . ....................... 79
16. Register of Form Group VI gamma, A-Group Simple Coarse Pottery................ 80
17. Register of Form Group VII, Pottery of Sudanese Tradition.. ................... 82
18. Register of Form Group VIII, Heavy Incised Bowls.. . .................... 84
19. Register of Form Group X, Egyptian Hard Pink Pottery.. ..................... 86
20. Shapes of Form Group XI, Egyptian Coarse Pottery.. . .................... 97
21. Register of Form Group XI, Egyptian Coarse Pottery.. ....................... 99
22. Register of Form Group XII. Pottery of Syro-Palestinian Tradition............... . .. 100
23. Typology and Register of Incense Burners.. . ........................ 109
24. Clearly Associated Palace Facades and High-Ended Barks on Incense Burners........ ill
25. Spectrographic Analysis of Two Incense Burners.. . ....................... Ill
26. Chemical Tests for Carbonate in Incense Burners........ ....................... 112
27. Register of Mortars....... . ......... ....... .. . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 113
28. Register of Pestles...... ....... ...... . . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 114
29. Typology of Palettes....... . .......... ...... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 115
30. Register of Palettes....... . ......... ....... .. . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 116
31. Register of Shell Hooks...... . ...... ... . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 118
32. Occurrence of Shell Studs...... . ...... .... . . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 119
33. Occurrence of Shell Bracelets...... ...... . . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 119
34, Occurrence of Ivory Bracelets...... ...... .. . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 120
35. Occurrence of Shell Beads...... ...... .... . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 121
36. Occurrence of Faience Beads from L 24-8........ ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 121
37. Register of Stone Beads...... . ...... ... . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 122
38. Register of Stone Vessels...... . ...... .... . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 124
39. Occurrence of Game Parts...... . ...... .... . . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... 131
on
40. Marks Pottery............... . .. ...... .... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 148
41. A Reconstruction of Reigns and Rulers Before the First Dynasty.... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 177
42. Royal Funerary Complexes....... ......... . .. . ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. 178
43. 198
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