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Best Practices in Scrap Tire and Rubber Recycling PDF

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Best Practices in Scrap Tire and Rubber Recycling The Recycling Technology Assistance Partnership (ReTAP) A program of the Clean Washington Center, a division of the Washington State Departmenotf Community, Trade & Economic Development 2001 Sixth Avenue, Suite 2700 Seattle, Washington 98 12 1 December 1996 i%is recycledpaper is recyclable Copyright 01996 CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER, Seattle, Washington. A l l rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied. in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film or other distribution and storage m d a , without the written consent of the Clean Washington Center. To write or call for permission: Clean Washmgton Center, 2001 6th Avenue, Suite 2700, Seattle, Waslungton 98107. (206) 464-7040. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Best Practices in Recycling program is managed btyh e Clean Washtngton Center’s Recycling Technology Assistance Partnership (ReTAP). ReTAP is an affiliate of the national Manufacturing Extension Partnershp (MEP), a program of theU .S.C ommerce Department’s NationaWl tute of Standards and Technology. ReTAP is also supported byt he American Plastics Council and the Environmental Protection Agency. Principal Authors This publication is a product of the efforts of many organizations and individuals. The following provided their time, effort,a nd knowledge as the principal authorso f this manual: 1. William Klingensmith, Akron Consulting Company, Akron, Oho. 2. Krishna Baranwal, Akron Rubber Development Laboraton., Akron, Ohio. Individuals or organizations that provided specialized mformationa re acknowledged in the appropriate Best Practice. The Clean Washington Center The Clean Washington Center isW ashgton State‘s lead agency for recycling market development. The Center is an applied technology center workmtgo increase the capacity of businesses to reduce waste and use recycled materials in manufacturing processes. Focusing on private industry growth oppoMties, the Clean Waslungton Centerp artners with business, industry, and local governmenttos : 0 Optimize the recycled material use capacity of existing manufacturing facilities and equipmentot enhance product performance characteristics, reduce costs, and controlp roduct qualin.; 0 Develop new recycled-content product manufacturing capacity, recycled material uses, and commercializable technolo=; 0 Evaluate recycled material markets to strategize product, market, and business growths trateges; and 0 Demonstrate product performance advantages andt he value added by using recycled materials,a nd disseminate the information. The Clean Washington Center’s activitiessu pport the state of Waslungton in its efforts to manage solid waste by developing economically viable marketfso r paper, plastics, glass, compost, tires, andd ebris from construction, demolition, and land clearing. Recycling Technology AssistanceP artnership (ReTAP). The Recycling Technology Assistance Partnership ( ReTAP) is a program of the CleanW ashgton Center. The mission of ReTAP is to advance industry’s use of recycled materials through technology extension services. ReTAhaPs two components: Industry Services and theR eTAP National Network. Industry Services providesh ands-on customized engineering assistance to companies in thes tate of Washingtont hat want to increase or optimizeth eir use of recycled materials. The ReTAP National Network promoteths e development of recycling technical services throughout the nation, and providest h~sn etwork with resources to support the developmento f service providerte chcal expertise, existing recycling technologieasn, d new technologies. BEST PRACTICES IN SCRAPT IRE AND RUBBER RECYCLING TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THE BEST PRACTICES IN RECYCLING PROGRAM. ............................................. 1 BEST PRACTICES IN RECYCLINGMANU..~..S... ..................................................... 1 PURPOSE OF THE BEST PRACTICESM ANUAL ......................................................... 1 MANUAL CONTENT AND FORMAT ............................................................................. 2 UPDATING THE BEST PRACTICESM ANUAL ............................................................. 2 BEST PRACTICE WORKSHOPAS ND INFORMATIONDISSEMMATION ................. 2 2 . TECHNOLOGY EXPERT FOCUS GROUP ON SCRAP TIRE AND RUBBER RECYCLING.. ............................................................... 3 PARTICIPANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 OBSERVERS ....................................... r ............................................................................ 3 3 . HOW TO CONTFUBUTE BEST PRACTICES ............................................................. 5 4 . BEST PRACTICES ON SCRAP TIRE AND RUBBER RECYCLING ........................ 7 Best Practice Number PROCESSING Safety Material Storage. ................................................................................................... 2001 Flammability .......................................................................................................... 2002 Waste Water Handling (Wet Grind..). .................................................................... 2003 Quality Assurance Sampling Procedures. ............................................................................................ 2004 Sampling and Testing (QA) Plans .......................................................................... 2005 Determination of Particle Size( PS) and Particle Size Distribution (PSD). .............. 2006 Size ReductiodGranulation Shredding .............................................................................................................. 2007 Grinder Equipment Selection.. ............................................................................... 2008 Cryogenic Processing. ........................................................................................... 2009 Ambient vs . Cryogenic Processing. ........................................................................ 2010 Feed Material Sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 Crumb Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 Bulk Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 i Materials Preparation . . Devulcamzatlon .C hemical ................................................................................... 2014 Devulcanization - Reclaim ..................................................................................... 2015 Devulcanization .M icrowave ................................................................................ 2016 Devulcanization .U ltrasound ................................................................................ 2017 Surface Modified Recyclate.s.. ............................................................................... 2018 Additives for Surface Modificatio.n.. ..................................................................... 2019 PRODUCT MANUFACTURING Manufacturing Systems Extrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3001 Hot Moldin_e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3002 Cold Molding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3003 ' QualiAty s surance Moisture RetentiodAbsorption ............................................................................. 3004 Contaminants - Incompatible Rubber Polymers.. .................................................... 3005 Contaminants - Fiber and Steel .............................................................................. 3006 Setting Crumb Material Specification.s.. ................................................................ 3007 Setting Compound Specifications. ......................................................................... 3008 Compounding Fillers .R ecycled Crumb Rubber. ........................................................................... 3009 Recycled Rubber Content Effects on Properties V oifr gin Compounds. .................. 3010 Filllers for Rubber Compounds-s Carbon Black. ................................................... 3011 Fillers for Rubber Compounds- Non Black ........................................................... 3012 Curing Agents and Accelerators ............................................................................ 3013 Binders, Bonding Agentsa nd Adhesives ................................................................ 3014 Softeners, Oils, Plasticizers. ................................................................................... 3015 RubberPlastic Composites. ................................................................................... 3016 END-USE APPLICATIONS End Product Testing Requiremen..t.s.. ................................................................... 4001 Non - Tire Uses ofRecycled Rubb.e..r. .................................................................. 4002 Applications in Tires for Recycled Rubber (Passengearn d Light Truck) ................ 4003 Applications in Tires for Recycled Rubber (Heavy Trucakn d Other) ..................... 4004 Information Sources on RubbeRr ecycling ............................................................. 4005 11 1.0 THE BEST PRACTICES IN RECYCLING PROGRAM The Clean Washington Center (CWC), through its Recycling Technology Assistance Partnership (ReTAP), is developing commodity-specific Best Practicesi n Recycling Manuals for glass, HOPE, scrap tires and rubber, PET, and wood waste. Other recycled materials d l be considered for the Best Practices programi n the future. The manuals are being disseminated through Best Practices Workshops. These workshops and manuals focus on effective uses of recycled materials and effective application of recycling technologies. Best Practices in Recycling Best Practices are proven methods and techniques that enable the effective technology applications and materials end uses under certain conditions. “Practices” refer to ways of performing operational activities- either materials sourcing, processing, product manufacturing, or end-use applications - and to methods that help create products that meet customer needs. To be considered “proven,” a practicem ust have been successfully aeplied in the field or on thes hop floor. (A technology application under development, by definition, cannot be a best practice.) An “effective” practice is one that accomplishes or meets all or most of the user’_sg oals or requirements - user requirements are generally measured in terms of cost reduction or performance improvement.A n application or materials end use is not considered effectives imply because it is convenient, because it is inexpensive to implement, because of personal preference, or because of other non- technical issues. Best practices range fiom detailed procedures, such as how to adjust settings on a particular piece of equipment, to general practices, such as howt o establish feedstock specifications between a manufacturer and a supplier. Purpose of the Best Pracfices Manual ReTAP collects and disseminates infomation about recycling technology best practices because this t e c h c a l know-how offers companies significant benefits. Implementation of best practices can: + Reduce the cost of processing a recycled material or manufacturing a recycled-content product. + Add to the performance of a recycled material or recycled -content product. Access to well-defined best practices reduces the time, effort, and resources requiredto identify and implement improved processeso r techniques. Industries that implement recycling technology best practicewsi ll likely improve their competitive positionin the marketplace. Within an industry, suppliers and buyers that share best practices arei n a better position to meet one another’s needs. Manual Content and Format Best Practices Manuals containb rief, two-page summaries of industry practices that maximize the cost and performance advantages orfe cycled feedstocks. Each Best Practices Manual focuses on onree cycled commodity or related group of commodities. Each manual consists of four sections- materials sourcing, processing, product manufacturing, and end-use applications. The sections are divided into subsections based on fbnction (e.g., size reduction, washing), process (e.g., injection molding),o r application (e.g., construction aggregate, compositfei ller). Best Practices descriptionsw ill include: + Issue addressed by the Best Practice + Detailed description of the Best Practice + Suggestions for implementation of the Best Practice + Benefits associated with the Best Practice + Sites where the Best Practice has or can be implemented + References for additional information about the technologies or materials associated with the Best Practice. Updating the Best Practices Manual The Best Practices Manuals are designedb eto c ontinuously updated as new or more effective best practices are obtained from manufacturers, service providersa, nd technical experts. A notice will be sent to all registered holders of the manual indicating those best practices that have been updated or added. Updatewsi ll be provided to registered holders of the manual upon request. For information about how to contributet o the Best Practices in Recycling program, please see Section 3.0. Best Practice Workshopsa nd Information Dissemination Best practices will be disseminated at workshops presented through n aa tional network of recycling technology service providers. The best practices workshops are a series of commodity-specific regionals essions tailored to meet the needs of manufacturers, technology extension agents,r ecycling consultants, and market development organizations. Each workshop uses relevant examples from industry. Workshop attendees participatei n a series of interactive sessionisn which they are encouraged to apply what they have learnedt o real-world scenarios. The workshops are a critical steipn maintaining industrial competitiveness, advancing industry's use of recoveredm aterials, and strengthening the secondarym aterials market. 2 . 2.0 TECHNOLOGY EXPERT FOCUS GROUP ON SCRAP TIRES AND RUBBER RECYCLING To help Jon A. Johnston, Manager, Advanced Materials, Hosaen d Connector Division, The Gates Rubber Company, Denver,C O Michael J. Schnekenburger, P.E.,V ice President, Materials-Tire Recycling., National Rubber Company, Inc.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jack Van Kirk, California Department of Transportation, Engineering Service Center; Sacramento, CA Ronald Williams, President, Domal Envirotech, Inc.; Rexdale, Ontario, Canada The observers included: Ted Campbell, Manager, Recycling Market Development Advisory Council, South Carolina Department of Commerce, Columbia, SC Diane A. Marlow, Director, SouthC arolina Clean and Beautifbl, South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, Columbia, SC Stephen C. Thomas, Manager,O ffice of Solid Waste Reduction and Reduction, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC Alec Vare, Michelin North America, Greenville,S C Kevin Wallace, Michelin NorthA merica, Greenville, SC 4 3.0 HOW TO CONTRIBUTE BEST PRACTICES This Best Practices Manual is a living document. It will only serve its usersi f the mformation it contains is constantly reviewed, field-applied, and improvements or additions suggested. Users of the manual are encouragedt o contact the Clean Washington Center for information about howto add to existing best practices, or contribute new best practices. Clean Washington Center Recycling Technology Assistance Partnership 2001 6th Avenue, Suite 2700 Seattle, Washington 98107 (206) 464-7040 Fax 464-6902 Instructions for writing and formatting best practices are available, along with a description of the t e c h c a l criteria by which best practicesw ill be measured for inclusion in the manual. Please provide any general feedback on the manubayl completing the attached feedback form and sending it to “Best Practice Manual Feedback’ at the above address. 5 3 BEST PRACTICES IN SCRAP TIRE AND RUBBER RECYCLING Feedback Form Best Practices Manuals contain proven methodasn d techniques that enable effective application of recycling technology and materials end uses under certain conditions. Best practices focus on materials sourcing, processing, product manufacturing, or end-use applications. In order to continually improve the manual, the Clean Washington Center (through its Recycling Technology Assistance Partnershi-p R eTAP) would like your feedback on the usefulness of the Manual. Please take the timtoe comment on the manual’s overall pluses and minuses, as well as specific recommendations for improvement. Please return the form to the CWC at the address provided below. Thank you for your efforts. Comments Specific Recommendationfso r Improvement “Best Practice Manual Feedback” Clean Washington Center Recycling Technology Assistance Partnership 2001 6th Avenue, Suite2 700 Seattle, Washington 98 107 6

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.