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Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated: Native Traditions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt PDF

251 Pages·2001·14.392 MB·English
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Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated Native Traditions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt Gerald P. Verbrugghe John M. Wickersham AnnArbor THE tiNivERSrrr OF MrcmGAN PRESS First paperback edition 2001 Copyright© by the University of Michigan 1996 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America §Printed on acid-free paper 2003 2002 2001 4 3 2 A ClP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Verbrugghe, Gerald Berossos and Manetho, introduced and translated : native traditions in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt I Gerald P. Verbrugghe and John M. Wickersham. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-472-10722-4 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Berosus, the Chaldean Babyloniaka. 2. Babylonia-History. 3. Manetho. 4. Egypt-History-To 332. B.C. I. Wickersham, John M. (John Moore), 1943-. II. Title. DS73.2.V47 1996 932-dc20 96-1860 CIP ISBN 0-472-08687-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-13 978-0-472-08687-0 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. Contents Conventions Vll Map 1-Berossos's and Manetho's Hellenistic World facing page 1 General Introduction 1 Languages and Scripts of Ancient Mesopotamia 2, Languages and Scripts of Ancient Egypt 6, Two Native Attempts to Preserve the His tory of Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt 8. Berossos Map 2-Berossos' s Mesopotamia facing page 13 Chapter 1. Introduction to Berossos 13 Berossos's Life and Work 13, Berossos's History of Babylonia Sources, Methods, and Reliability 15, Berossos's History of Babylo nia-Reception and Transmission 27, Berossos's History of Babylo nia-Goals and Accomplishments 31. Chapter 2. Berossos-Ancient Testimony 35 Chapter 3. Berossos-Fragments 43 History of Babylonia, Book 1 43, History of Babylonia, Book 2 46, History of Babylonia, Book 3 53, History of Babylonia, Unplaced Fragments 63, Astronomical or Astrological Information 64, Miscel laneous 66. Chapter 4. Berossos-Tables 69 Table A. Time Outline-Mesopotamia 69, Table B. Mesopotamian Ruler-Lists 70, Table C. Jacoby's Numbering for Berossos's Testi mony and Fragments with Our Corresponding Numbering 84, Table D. Our Numbering Corresponding to Jacoby's and Burstein's Number- Vl Contents ing for Berossos' s Fragments 87, Table E. Ancient and Medieval Authors Who Preserve or Mention Berossos 89. Manetho Map 3-Manetho's Egypt facing page 95 Chapter 5. Introduction to Manetho 95 Manetho's Life and Work 95, Manetho's History of Egypt-Sources, Methods, and Reliability 103, Manetho's History of Egypt-Reception and Transmission 115, Manetho's History of Egypt-Goals and Ac complishments 119. Chapter 6. Manetho-Ancient Testimony 121 Chapter 7. Manetho-Fragments 129 History of Egypt, Volumes 1-3 129, History of Egypt, Volume 1 153, History of Egypt, Volume 2 155, History of Egypt, Volume 3 164, Against Herodotus 165, Sacred Book 165, On Antiquity and Religion 165, On Festivals 166, On the Preparation of Kyphi 166, Digest of Physics 167, Miscellaneous 167. Chapter 8. Pseudo-Manetho-Ancient Testimony and Fragments 173 Apotelesmatika (Astrological Influences) 173, Book ofS othis 174. Chapter 9. Manetho-Tables 183 Table A. Time Outline-Egypt 183, Table B. Ancient Egyptian Ruler Lists, Manetho's List, and a Modem List Compared 185, Table C. Ja coby's Numbering for Manetho's Testimony and Fragments Compared with Our Corresponding Numbering 204, Table D. Our Numbering Corresponding to Jacoby's and Waddell's Numbering for Manetho's Testimony and Fragments 207, Table E. Ancient and Medieval Authors Who Preserve or Mention Manetho 210. Bibliography 213 Index 217 Conventions T + # refers to an ancient source in our edition that contains information or testimony about Berossos, Manetho, Berossos's History, or Manetho's History and other writings. F + # refers to an ancient source in our edition that contains information which originally appeared in Berossos's History or Manetho's History and other writings. . . . indicates that text of an ancient author has not been translated, as it did not concern Berossos or Manetho or it did not form part of Berossos 's or Manetho's writings. lac. indicates that text of an ancient author is missing or illegible in the manuscript tradition or that a document is defective. ( ) Words, phrases, and sentences enclosed in parentheses are additions we have made in our translations of the ancient texts, usually to make them more readily understandable. ANET3 = James B. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, third edition (Princeton 1969). BM =British Museum (with index number for the tablet). CAH2 =Cambridge Ancient History, vols. 3-5, 2d ed. 1982-92. CAH3 =Cambridge Ancient History, vols. 1-2, 3d ed. 1970-75. FGrHist Felix Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, vols. = I-III (Leiden and Berlin, 1923-1958)-a collection of the fragments of those historical works written in Greek, which survive mainly by being quoted or cited by more fortunate authors whose works have been pre served. Some of the volumes of fragments are accompanied by companion volumes of commentary. Some of these volumes of commentary are in German, some in English. Unfortunately, Jacoby did not live long enough to write a commentary for the fragments of either Berossos or Manetho. viii Conventions Testimony and fragments of Berossos are in FGrHist vol. III C 1 (1958), pp. 364-97. Berossos = FGrHist #680. Testimony and fragments of Man etho are in FGrHist vol. III C 1 (1958), pp. 5-112. Manetho = FGrHist #609. FHG = Carolus Muller, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, 5 vols. (Paris, 1841-1870). The testimony and fragments of Manetho are in FHG 2:511--616. Karst = Josef Karst, Die Chronik aus dem Armenischen ubersetzt, vol. 5 of Eusebius, Werke (Leipzig 1911), five volumes which offer a translation of Eusebius's surviving writing. Volume 5 contains a German transla tion of the Armenian translation of Eusebius's Chronicon (The Chroni cle). With one exception, only passages that ancient authors specifically at tributed to Berossos or to Manetho are given, not passages for which Beros sos or Manetho is the presumed source. The one exception is Manetho F29b. Testimony or information about Berossos and Manetho is arranged in chronological order of the authors of that information. Fragments of Berossos' s History and Manetho' s History and other writ ings are in the order they would have appeared in those works, that is, for the most part in chronological order. We used what might be called reformist spelling for transliterating proper names from ancient Greek to English, as we try to preserve the Greek spell ing and sound rather than give a spelling derived from the original or sup posed original Mesopotamian or Egyptian script. We have tried to be consistent, but it is difficult. Some Mesopotamian and Egyptian names have become standardized in English, and it seemed at times too strange to change those already so familiar names by using a straight transliteration from Greek to English letters. We therefore apologize for any inconsisten cies the reader may notice. In addition, we have standardized our translit eration of the Greek spelling of our two authors' Greek names. Berossos is always spelled Berossos, even though his name appears in various different Greek forms in the manuscripts, and Manetho is always spelled Manetho, even though in Greek it more properly is Manethon. In chapters 4 and 9, where the individual rulers named by Berossos and Manetho are listed, for names derived from Mesopotamian or Egyptian lists we give modem equivalents, which are more closely based on the supposed Mesopotamian and Egyptian pronunciation of proper names. Conventions lX We give the numbers assigned by Jacoby in FGrHist to the historians mentioned in the texts we translate. Where possible, we also give the testi mony number or fragment number. We give both Latin titles and English titles of the ancient authors' works that preserve the histories of Berossos and Manetho. We give the standard English names for the Latin authors and the standard latinized forms for the surviving Greek authors, for example, Pliny for the Latin Plinius, Josephus for the Greek transliteration Josephos. For fragmentary Greek authors, how ever, we use a reformist transliteration, since these names have not become standardized in English-for example, Hestiaios rather than Hestiaeus. In rare cases, when we translate the names of Greek authors from a Latin original, we give the Latin spelling of the Greek name. For the names of the kings of Judah, we use the standard English translit erations of the Hebrew. For Eusebius's text, when both treat the same material, we have preferred the Greek text of Syncellus's Ecloga Chronographica (Chronological Ex cerpts), which preserves parts of Eusebius's Chronicon (The Chronicle), to Karst' s German translation of the Armenian translation of Eusebius' s Chronicon.

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