Bernstein to Brandt: A Short History of German Social Democracy PDF
Preview Bernstein to Brandt: A Short History of German Social Democracy
Bernstein to Brandt A Short History of German Social Democracy Bernstein to Brandt A Short History of German Social Democracy Edited by Roger Fletcher Edward Arnold A division of Hodder & Stoughton LONDON NEW YORK MELBOURNE AUCKLAND © Edward Arnold 1987 except for chapter 12 by Susanne Miller © 1978 Verlag Neue Gesellschaft and chapter 19 by H.A. Winkler © 1984 Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli. First published in Great Britain 1987 Reprinted 1989 Distributed in the USA by Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. 29 West 35th Street. New York, NY 10001 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Bernstein to Brandt: a short history of German Social Democracy. Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands — History I. Fletcher, Roger 324.24J072 JN3946.S83 ISBN 0 7131 6480 8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 33-34 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP. Typeset in 10/1 lpt Linotron Baskerville by Northern Phototypesetting Company, Bolton. Printed and bound in Great Britain for Edward Arnold, the educational, academic and medical publishing division of Hodder and Stoughton Limited, 41 Bedford Square,London WC1B 3DQ by Athenaeum Press Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Contents Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations ix Notes on Contributors xi Foreword Willy Brandt xv Introduction Roger Fletcher 1 Part I: The Birth of a Movement 1 The Beginnings of German Social Democracy, 1835-1875 JohnBreuilly 1 2 Working-Class Culture in Imperial Germany Dick Geary 11 3 The SPD in Imperial Germany, 1871-1914 SusanTegel 16 4 Socialist Trade Unionism in Imperial Germany, 1871-1914 John Moses 25 5 Women Workers, Workers’ Wives and Social Democracy in Imperial Germany UteFrevert 34 6 The Life and Work of Eduard Bernstein Roger Fletcher 45 Part II: The Crucible of War 7 Everyday Life and the German Working Class, 1914-1918 Volker Ullrich 55 8 The SPD in War and Revolution Geoff Eley 65 9 The Socialist Trade Unions in War and Revolution Hans- Joachim Bieber 74 10 The Social Democratic Women’s Movement in Germany, 1914-1918 AlfredG. Meyer 85 11 The Politics of Rationing Versus the Politics of Subsistence: Working-Class Women in Germany, 1914—1918 UteDaniel 89 12 Bernstein’s Political Position, 1914-1920 Susanne Miller 96 Part III: Triumph and Tragedy 13 Working-Class Culture and Working-Class Politics in the Weimar Republic Dieter Langewiesche 103 14 The SPD in German Politics and Society, 1919-1929 Detlef Lehnert 115 15 The Socialist Trade Unions in the Weimar Republic Klaus Schönhoven 123 vi Bernstein to Brandt 16 ‘Equal but not the Same’: The Social Democratic Women’s Movement in the Weimar Republic Karen Hagemann 133 17 The SPD and the Economic Depression, 1930-1933 Harold James 143 18 Ehe SPD and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic Peter Stachura 156 19 Eduard Bernstein as Critic of Weimar Social DemocracyH einrich August'Winkler 167 20 The SPD in Emigration and Resistance, 1933-1945 Anthony Glees 183 Part IV: Renewal and Rebirth 21 German Social Democracys ince 1945 William Carr 193 22 Democratic Socialism in the Contemporary World Neil Elder 203 Part V : Epilogue 23 Marxism, Communism and Social Democracy Eugene Kamenka 213 Bibliography 218 Index 227 Acknowledgements This book is a collective effort in more than the customary sense, for a great many individuals and institutions have had a hand in its production, although, of course, final responsibility for any remaining errors or deficiencies rests with the editor alone. To each of the following, a special debt of gratitude is owed: to the Australian Academy of the Humanities, for a travel grant which helped significantly to accelerate the production process; to Klaus Loewald, for research assistance, advice and translation services ‘above and beyond’; to Lisa Moloney and Margaret Ralph, who did most of the typing; to the Verlag Neue Gesellschaft, for permission to use, in English translation, Susanne Miller’s ‘Eduard Bernsteins Haltung im Ersten Weltkrieg und in der Revolution 1918-19’, which first appeared in Bernstein und der Demokratische Sozialismus (1978), eds: Horst Heimann and Thomas Meyer; to the Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, for permission to use part of H. A. Winkler’s ‘Eduard Bern stein als Kritiker der Weimarer Sozialdemokratie’, which appeared in the 1983—84 issue of their Annali, pp. 1003-27. Finally, but by no means least, sincere thanks are due to the publishers, whose keen interest, informed advice, patience and solicitude have been exceptional and invaluable at all stages of the production process of this book. Abbreviations ADA V The All-German Workers’ Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein), founded in Leipzig by Ferdinand Lassalle in 1863. ADGB National German Trade-Union Congress (Allgemeiner Deuts cher Gewerkschafts-Bund): the socialist trade-union umbrella organization (previously known as the General Commission) founded at Nuremberg in 1919. AWO Workers’ Welfare Organization (Arbeiterwohlfahrt), also the title of an SPD welfare and social-policy magazine in the Weimar Republic. BDF Federation of (bourgeois or non-socialist) German Women’s Associations (Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine), founded in 1894. CDU/CSU Christian Democratic Union, consisting principally of for mer conservatives and members of the Catholic Centre Party: the main conservative party in postwar West Ger many. Its Bavarian sister-party styles itself the Christian Social Union. DDP German Democratic Party: a Weimar middle-class party of former left liberals and some left-wing National Liberals. DNVP German Nationalist People’s Party: extreme but ‘respecta ble’ nationalists of the Weimar Republic. DVP German People’s Party: a Weimar middle-class party comprising, in the main, former National Liberals. FDP Free Democratic Party: a minority party representing liberal and business interests in post-1945 West Germany. GDR German Democratic Republic, as the East German regime calls itself. GFR German Federal Republic or Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). IISG International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam. ILP Independent Labour Party: organization of British ethical socialists founded in 1893. ISD International Socialists of Germany (Internationale Sozialisten Deutschlands): German ‘Zimmerwaldian’ group led by Julian Borchardt. IWMA International Working-men’s Association (First Interna tional). KP Karl Kautsky Papers, IISG Amsterdam. Bernstein to Brandt KPD German Communist Party, founded in January 1919. NPD National Democratic Party of Germany: widely regarded as neo-Nazi and seriously feared in the late 1960s but never a serious force electorally. NSBO Nazi Factory-cell Organization (NS Betriebszellen organisation): the basic unit of Nazi labour organization in the Weimar Republic. NSDAP National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party. RGO Revolutionary Trade-Union Opposition (revolutionäre Gewerkschafts-Opposition): Communist anti-SPD trade-union organization in the 1920s. SA Sturmabteilung or Stormtroopers: Hitler’s private army of brown-shirted street-fighters; liquidated in the ‘night of the long knives’ in 1934. SAG Social Democratic Working Group (Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft): First World War socialist dissident group. SAP Swedish Social Democratic Workers’ Party. SAPD German Socialist Workers’ Party (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands): left-wing splinter group which left the SPD during the Great Depression. SDAP Social Democratic Workers’ Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei): ‘Marxist’ labour party founded in Eisenach in 1869. After its union with the ADAY' in 1875 it adopted the title of German Socialist Workers’ Party (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands). SDK Social Democratic Federation: organisation of British Mar xists dating from 1881 and led by H. M. Hyndman. SED Socialist Unity Party, as the East German ruling Communist party calls itself. SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Par tei Deutschlands): the title adopted by the principal German labour party since the dropping of the anti-socialist law in 1890. USPD Independent Social Democrats or Independents: the SPD left wing which broke with the moderate majority over the war issue in 1917. VDAV League of German Workers’ Associations (Verband der deuts chen Arbeitervereine), f ounded in June 1863. zag Central working community or joint industrial alliance (Zen tralarbeitsgemeinschaft) of trade unions and employer organi zations formed in November 1918.
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