Bernstein and Robbins: The Early Ballets (Eastman Studies in Music, 173) PDF
Preview Bernstein and Robbins: The Early Ballets (Eastman Studies in Music, 173)
Bernstein and Robbins Eastman Studies in Music Ralph P. Locke, Senior Editor Eastman School of Music Additional Titles of Interest Aaron Copland and the American Legacy of Gustav Mahler Matthew Mugmon Aaron Copland’s Hollywood Film Scores Paula Musegades Brahms and the Shaping of Time Edited by Scott Murphy The Ballet Collaborations of Richard Strauss Wayne Heisler Jr. Dance in Handel’s London Operas Sarah McCleave John Kirkpatrick, American Music, and the Printed Page Drew Massey The Karl Muck Scandal: Classical Music and Xenophobia in World War I America Melissa D. Burrage Leonard Bernstein and Washington, DC: Works, Politics, and Performances Edited by Daniel Abraham, Alicia Kopfstein-Penk, and Andrew Weaver Music Speaks: On the Language of Opera, Dance, and Song Daniel Albright Parisian Music-Hall Ballet, 1871–1913 Sarah Gutsche-Miller A complete list of titles in the Eastman Studies in Music series may be found on our website, www.urpress.com. Bernstein and Robbins The Early Ballets Sophie Redfern The University of Rochester Press gratefully acknowledges generous support from the the AMS 75 PAYS Fund of the American Musicological Society, supported in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Copyright © 2021 by Sophie Redfern All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2021 University of Rochester Press 668 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.urpress.com and Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN: 978-1-64825-005-7 hardback ISBN: 978-1-78744-928-2 ePDF ISSN: 1071-9989 ; v. 173 Library of Congress Control Number: 2020952098 Cover image: Jerome Robbins in Fancy Free, 1944. Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library. To Nigel Simeone, mentor and friend Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xv List of Abbreviations xix Editorial Note xxi Preface xxiii 1 Setting the Scene: American Ballet and Jerome Robbins 1 2 Toward a First Ballet: Fancy Free Takes Shape 32 3 Creating Fancy Free: A Long-Distance Collaboration 65 4 The Music of Fancy Free: The Sketches and Score Explored 97 5 The Fancy Free Premiere and a Move to Broadway 151 6 Toward a Second Ballet: Bye Bye Jackie and the Creation of Facsimile 176 7 The Music of Facsimile: The Sketches and Score Explored 203 8 The Facsimile Premiere and Legacy of the Ballets 236 Epilogue: Bernstein and Dance 269 Bibliography 271 Index 283 Illustrations Figures 2.1. Paul Cadmus, The Fleet’s In!, oil on canvas, 1934 34 3.1. Oliver Smith set design for Fancy Free, preliminary sketch, pencil on tracing paper, [1943–44] 69 3.2. Sailors in various combinations and poses as sketched by Robbins, undated [likely late January/early February 1944] 79 3.3. Jerome Robbins self-portrait in a letter to Donald Saddler, undated [mid-January 1944] 86 3.4. Oliver Smith set design for Fancy Free, color rendering, watercolor, gouache and colored pencil on paper, 1944 96 4.1. Start of the Fancy Free Finale featuring Bernstein’s notes for the copyist. Fancy Free autograph full score in pencil, vol. II 129 5.1. Advertisement for Ballet Theatre’s upcoming season published in the program for the Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York concerts, Carnegie Hall, March 29 and 31, 1944 152 5.2. Advertisement for Ballet Theatre’s 1944 season opener at the Metropolitan Opera House published in the New York Times, April 9, 1944 155 5.3. Advertisement for Ballet Theatre’s season following the Fancy Free premiere. LBC, SB/MF 3 165 5.4. Advertisement for Ballet Theatre’s two-week season extension. LBC, SB/MF 3 166 8.1. Oliver Smith set design for Facsimile, color rendering, watercolor and colored pencil on board, 1946 238 x illustrations ❧ 8.2 and 8.3. Oliver Smith set designs for Facsimile, preliminary sketches, watercolor and pen and ink on paper, 1946 239 Tables 1.1 Ballets produced by Ballet Caravan featuring original scores 21 2.1 Extract from Robbins’s later typed Fancy Free scenario showing music, mood, and action simultaneously 41 3.1 Ballet Theatre touring schedule for February–March 1944 with Robbins’s Fancy Free rehearsal time annotations 84 4.1 Fancy Free order of composition 99 4.2 Four sets of lyrics for “Big Stuff” 104 4.3 The start of the Fancy Free Finale as described in the scenario 125 4.4 Musical outline of the Fancy Free score 133 4.5 Musical description of Scene IV, the Pas de deux 134 7.1 Structure of the Facsimile score, including balletic action and principal musical features 204 Musical Examples 4.1 “Big Stuff,” 1943 autograph sketch, LBC, 1066/19 101 4.2 “Nicest Time of Day,” later used as “Lonely Town” in On the Town (1944), 1943 autograph sketch, LBC, 1066/19 101 4.3a Two-measure fragment, 1943 autograph sketch, LBC, 1066/19 101 4.3b Two-measure fragment in “Enter Three Sailors” (mm. 12–13), published score 101 4.4 Opening of “Enter Three Sailors” (mm. 2–5), published score 101 4.5 End of Scene III with “Juke Box” indication, autograph sketch, LBC, 1056/8 107
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