Berman's Pediatric Decision Making: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 5th Edition

807 Pages·2011·11.23 MB·English

by  Lalit Bajaj MD MPH

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BERMAN’S PEDIATRIC DECISION MAKING, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-05405-8
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Berman’s pediatric decision making / [edited by] Lalit Bajaj . . . [et al.]. -- 5th ed.
p. ; cm.
Pediatric decision making
Rev. ed. of: Pediatric decision making / Stephen Berman. 4th ed. c2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-323-05405-8 (pbk.)
1. Pediatrics -- Decision making. I. Bajaj, Lalit. II. Berman, Stephen. III. Berman, Stephen.
Pediatric decision making. IV. Title: Pediatric decision making.
[DNLM: 1. Pediatrics. 2. Decision Making. 3. Diagnosis. WS 200]
RJ47.B47 2011
618.92 -- dc23
2011018488
Editor: Judith Fletcher
Developmental Editor: Joanie Milnes
Editorial Assistant: Jackie Wechsler
Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter
Senior Project Manager: Doug Turner
Designer: Steven Stave
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Preface
The fifth edition of Pediatric Decision Making marks a an intangible bridge that connects people and makes us
major editorial transition for this ground-breaking text- aware of the shared elements of the human existence. The
book of algorithms. I turn the editorial duties over to art of pediatric practice helps a dying patient live every day
four outstanding clinicians for this edition, the first to be to the fullest, enjoying life by being with loved ones. Sci-
published in the twenty-first century. I have worked ence requires a thorough understanding of the scientific
closely with these pediatricians for many years (and with method and how observations generate hypotheses that
some since residency), and as their careers have matured can be tested by experiments or trials. Science is about
I have grown to greatly admire and respect their knowl- defining, counting, measuring, and then analyzing. Practic-
edge, clinical skills, and teaching abilities. I am sure that ing pediatrics is about using science and technology in
this and future editions will be creative and innovative, conjunction with the art of pediatric care to prevent dis-
providing clinicians with a valuable resource to help them ease, save lives, heal children, and help families cope.
provide the very best care for children. In a textbook of algorithms, it is difficult to demonstrate
As a pediatrician for 39 years, I have been fortunate to how to communicate with patients and families, and thus
have had the opportunity to create and edit this book. I to teach “the art of pediatrics.” Therefore, I tried to do this
have a career and work that I love and a wonderful sup- with a different type of book, entitled Getting it Right for
portive family—my wife, Elaine, and sons, Seth and Ben. Children: Stories of Pediatric Care and Advocacy, pub-
As I reflect on why pediatrics has been so personally fulfill- lished by the American Academy of Pediatrics. I learned
ing and meaningful, I realize the importance of having that successful advocacy involves storytelling that reaches
strong personal relationships with patients and their fami- out and touches readers combined with data that provide
lies. These relationships take time to mature. Caring for the evidence needed to make good policy decisions.
children continuously over a long time, referred to as “con- While I could not incorporate as much of the art of
tinuity of care,” allows pediatricians to share many intense pediatrics into Pediatric Decision Making as I would have
moments of sorrow and joy with our patients and their liked, I hope that this next generation of editors will have
families. more success. I am sure that they will integrate the rapid
As my clinical experience and expertise increased over advances in our understanding of genetics, pathophysiol-
the years, my approach to patients and their families began ogy and treatment of disease, and technology into this
to change. I realized the need to balance both art and sci- book in ways that will be understandable and useful to
ence in caring for children. While science strives to be as clinicians. I thank them for accepting this role and appreci-
objective as possible, art remains intuitive. While science ate the opportunity I have to continue to work with them
relies on technology, art relies on communication and em- and other members of our Department of Pediatrics at
pathy. While the art of medicine recognizes the value of The Children’s Hospital on a regular basis.
helping, the science of medicine strives to find cures. Art
touches people by sharing feelings and emotion. Art builds Stephen Berman, MD
v

Contributors
Mark J. Abzug, MD Lalit Bajaj, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases, University Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado
of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Professor of School of Medicine; Research Director, Section of
Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado,
Aurora, Colorado
Edythe Albano, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Christopher D. Baker, MD
Denver, Colorado; Clinical Director Oncology, The Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonary
Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine,
The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
Nimisha Amin, MD
Pediatric Nephrologist, Private Practice, Bakersfield, Vivek Balasubramaniam, MD
California Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University
of Colorado, Denver; The Children’s Hospital,
Mark E. Anderson, MD Aurora, Colorado
Staff Physician and Team Leader, Kid’s Care Clinic at
Denver Health Medical Center; Director and PI, Jennifer M. Barker, MD
Rocky Mountain Region Pediatric Environmental Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU); Associate Professor of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora,
Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado
Aurora, Colorado
Barrett H. Barnes, MD
Marsha S. Anderson, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics,
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,
School of Medicine, Section of Pediatric Infectious and Nutrition, University of Virginia, UVA Children’s
Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia
Susan D. Apkon, MD James S. Barry, MD
Director, Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children’s Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Medical
Hospital; Associate Professor, Department of Division, University of Colorado Hospital NICU,
Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,
Seattle, Washington Colorado
Jennifer Armstrong-Wells, MD, MPH Stephen Berman, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School
University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Assistant of Medicine; Chair, Children’s Hospital; Academic,
Adjunct Professor, Neurology, University of California, General Pediatrics; Past President, American Academy
San Francisco, California of Pediatrics, Aurora, Colorado
Daniel Arndt, MD, MA Timothy J. Bernard, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Michigan State University Assistant Professor, Pediatric Neurology, University of
School of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Epilepsy Colorado School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital,
Program, DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, Aurora, Colorado
Michigan
Robert Brayden, MD
Donald H. Arnold, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
of Emergency Medicine, Center for Asthma and
Environmental Research, Vanderbilt University School Alison Brent, MD
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado
Health and Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
vii
Joanna M. Burch, MD Steven Colson, MD
Associate Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric
The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The
Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado School of
Arelis Burgos-Zavoda, MD Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology,
University of Colorado Hospital; Assistant Professor Mary N. Cook, MD
of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora; Clinical Director, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Denver Health Sciences; Medical Director, Outpatient Services,
Medical Center, Denver, Colorado The Children’s Hospital; Assistant Professor, Psychiatry,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,
Jeffrey B. Campbell, MD Colorado
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of
Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Julie-Ann Crewalk, MD
Department of Pediatric Urology, The Children’s Fellow in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s
Hospital, Aurora, Colorado National Medical Center, Washington, DC
William Campbell, MD Donna Curtis, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Fellow, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of
School of Medicine; Physician Advisor; Early Intervention Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Developmental-Behavioral
Pediatrician, Child Development Unit, The Children’s Jesse Davidson, MD
Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Fellow, Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care,
The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
Kelly Casperson, MD
Urology Resident, Department of Surgery, Division of Roberta L. DeBiasi, MD
Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, George Washington
Department of Pediatric Urology, The Children’s University School of Medicine; Faculty, Division of
Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children’s National
Medical Center, Washington, DC
Betsey Chambers, MD
Pediatrician, Newborn Nursery, Denver Health Hospital, Robin R. Deterding, MD
Denver, Colorado Professor of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and Medical
Director, Breathing Institute, The Children’s Hospital;
Maida Lynn Chen, MD Director, Children’s Interstitial Lung Disease Research
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Sleep Network, The Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado,
Medicine Division, University of Washington School School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
of Medicine; Associate Director, Pediatric Sleep
Disorders Program, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Samuel R. Dominguez, MD, PhD
Washington Assistant Professor, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University
of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Marc Chester, MD
Pediatric Pulmonologist, The Pediatric Lung Center, Ellen Roy Elias, MD
Fairfax, Virginia Director, Special Care Clinic; Professor, Department of
Pediatrics and Genetics, The Children’s Hospital,
Antonia Chiesa, MD Aurora, Colorado
Senior Instructor, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Colorado School of Medicine; Kempe Child Protection Kathryn D. Emery, MD
Team, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado
School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Jason Child, PharmD
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Monica J. Federico, MD
Colorado Assistant Director of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital,
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center,
Abigail Collins, MD Denver, Colorado
Instructor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Director of
Pediatric Movement Disorders, The Children’s Steven G. Federico, MD
Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Director, School-Based Health/Denver Health; Associate
Professor, General Pediatrics, University of Colorado
School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
viii
Catherine C. Ferguson, MD Mindy L. Grunzke, MD
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, The Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado School of
Colorado Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
David Fox, MD Sameer Gupta, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of General Pediatrics, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
The Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado Critical Care, University of Minnesota Medical School,
School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Minneapolis, Minnesota
Julia Fuzak, MD Greg Gutierrez, MD
Clinical Instructor, Department of Pediatrics, Section Attending Physician, Denver Health Primary Care
of Emergency Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, Musculoskeletal Clinic; Attending Physician, Denver
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Health Pediatric Minor Fracture Clinic; Staff, Family
Colorado Medicine Department, Denver, Colorado
Kelly K. Gajewski, MD Ann C. Halbower, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Louisiana State Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Section, The
University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado School of
Louisiana Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Renata C. Gallagher, MD, PhD Sarah Halstead, MD
Assistant Professor, Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Clinical Instructor, Fellow, Pediatric Emergency
Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, University of
School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
Jason Gien, MD Simon J. Hambidge, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, University of Colorado Hospital, Director of General Pediatrics, Denver Health, Denver;
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School
Colorado of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Christine Gilroy, MD, MSPH Megan G. Henderson, MD, FAAP
Associate Professor, Division of General Internal General Pediatrician, Westside Pediatric/Teen Clinic,
Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Denver Health; Instructor of Medicine, University of
Center, Denver, Colorado Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, Colorado
Mary P. Glodé, MD Edward J. Hoffenberg, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Head, Section of Pediatric Professor of Pediatrics; Director, Center for Pediatric
Infectious Disease, The Children’s Hospital, University Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, The Children’s Hospital,
of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,
Colorado
Neil A. Goldenberg, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Christine Waasdorp Hurtado, MD
(Hematology); Associate Center Director; Director, Assistant Professor, Digestive Health Institute, The
Clinical Research, Mountain States Regional Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado School of
Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Director, Medical Affairs
and Venous Thromboembolism Trials, CPC Clinical Kyros Ipaktchi, MD
Research; Co-Director, Pediatric Thrombosis and Stroke Associate Professor, University of Colorado School of
Programs, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Medicine Aurora, Colorado; Attending Surgeon,
Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical
Edward Goldson, MD Center, Denver, Colorado
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of
Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Ed Jernigan, MD
Physician, Children’s Neurology, Saint Luke’s Regional
Carol L. Greene, MD Medical Center, Boise, Idaho
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Joshua A. Kailin, MD
Pediatric Cardiology Fellow, The Children’s Hospital,
Joseph Grubenhoff, MD Aurora, Colorado
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency
Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine,
Aurora, Colorado
ix