Berlin’s Black Market: 1939–1950 PDF
Preview Berlin’s Black Market: 1939–1950
Berlin’s Black Market 1939-1950 Malte Zierenberg Berlin’s Black Market: 1939–1950 WorldsofConsumption PublishedinassociationwiththeGermanHistoricalInstitute,Washington,DC SeriesEditors:HartmutBerghoffandUweSpiekermann Worlds of Consumption is a peer-reviewed venue for the history of consumption and consumerisminthemodernera,especiallythetwentiethcentury,withaparticularfocuson comparativeandtransnationalstudies.ItaimstomakeresearchavailableinEnglishfroman increasinglyinternationalizedandinter-disciplinaryfield.Thehistoryofconsumptionoffers avitallinkamongdiversefieldsofhistoryandothersocialsciences,becausemodernsocieties areconsumersocietieswhosepolitical,cultural,social,andeconomicstructuresandpractices areboundupwiththehistoryofconsumption.WorldsofConsumptionhighlightsandexplores theselinkages,whichdeservewideattention,sincetheyshapewhoweareasindividualsand societies. PublishedbyPalgraveMacmillan: DecodingModernConsumerSocieties EditedbyHartmutBerghoffandUweSpiekerman TheDevelopmentofConsumerCreditinGlobalPerspective:Business,Regulation, andCulture EditedbyJanLogemann TheRiseofMarketingandMarketResearch EditedbyHartmutBerghoff,PhilipScranton,andUweSpiekermann TheScienceofBeauty:CultureandCosmeticsinModernGermany,1750–1930 ByAnnelieRamsbrock Berlin’sBlackMarket:1939–1950 ByMalteZierenberg Berlin’s Black Market: 1939–1950 MalteZierenberg BERLIN’SBLACKMARKET:1939–1950 Copyright©MalteZierenberg2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-01774-1 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthispublication maybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.Noportionofthispublicationmaybe reproduced,copiedortransmittedsavewithwrittenpermission.Inaccordance withtheprovisionsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunder thetermsofanylicencepermittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyright LicensingAgency,SaffronHouse,6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublicationmay beliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkin accordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, Hampshire,RG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofNatureAmerica,Inc.,OneNew YorkPlaza,Suite4500,NewYork,NY10004-1562. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompaniesand hascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. ISBN:978-1-349-55431-7 E-PDFISBN:978–1–137–01775–8 DOI:10.1007/978-1-137-01775-8 DistributionintheUK,EuropeandtherestoftheworldisbyPalgrave Macmillan®,adivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimited,registeredinEngland, companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Zierenberg,Malte. [StadtderSchieber.English] BlackmarketBerlin:profiteers,illegalnetwords,andurbanspaceinthe Germancapital,1939–1950/MalteZierenberg. pages cm.—(Worldsofconsumption) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Summary:“ThisisasocialhistoryofBerlin’sblackmarketduringWorld WarIIandthepost-warperiod,lookingatbothitsparticipantsandtheir practices,themacroeconomiccontextinwhichthemarketoperatedandthe everydaystrategiesthatweredeployedbyindividualstonavigatethemarket. MalteZierenbergrevealstheblackmarkettobeacomplexstructure,which isontheonehandageographicalspacebutontheotherhandrepresents aconceptualcategorywithinaneconomy”—Providedbypublisher. Summary:“ThisbookputstheillegaleconomyoftheGermancapitalduring andafterWorldWarIIintocontextandprovidesanewinterpretationof Germany’spostwarhistory.Theblackmarket,itargues,servedasa referencepointforthebeginningsofthetwonewGerman states”—Providedbypublisher. 1. Blackmarket—Germany—Berlin—History—20thcentury. I. Title. HF5482.65.G3Z54132015 381—dc23 2015014745 AcataloguerecordforthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Contents ListofFigures vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 Prologues 19 2 TheWartimeNetworks:TheMarthaRebbienCase 47 3 Destruction,Disorientation,andNewPatternsofOrder:Changes intheBlackMarketLandscapeduringtheTransitionfromWarto Postwar 111 4 BlackMarketsfromtheEndoftheWartotheCurrencyReform 127 5 StoriesofaNewBeginning:TheEconomyoftheStreetsbetween theCurrencyReformandthe“EconomicMiracle” 187 Conclusion:BlackMarketTradingasaRadicalExperienceof aFreeMarket 209 Notes 215 Bibliography 257 Index 273 Figures 2.1 TheblackmarketnetworkofMarthaRebbien 50 2.2 Cluster1ofMarthaRebbien’sblackmarketnetwork 53 2.3 Cluster2ofMarthaRebbien’sblackmarketnetwork 54 2.4 Ageoffemaledefendantsincasesofwareconomycrimes 61 2.5 Occupationgroupsoffemaledefendantsincasesofwar economycrimes 62 2.6 Ageofmaledefendantsincasesofwareconomycrimes 62 2.7 Occupationgroupsofmaledefendantsincasesofwar economycrimes 63 2.8 Defendants’placesofresidenceincasesofwareconomycrimes 84 2.9 Goodsandservicesinblackmarkettransactions 99 4.1 BlackmarketattheticketcounteroftheSchönhauserAllee trainstation(PrenzlauerBerg) 132 4.2 BlackmarketinWeddingdistrict(Müllerstrasse) 137 4.3 WomenwithjewelryinablackmarketinZehlendorf,July10, 1948 138 4.4 GroupsofmerchantsinablackmarketinBerlin(around 1946) 140 4.5 SchematicrepresentationoftheF-formationsystem 140 4.6 EvaluatinggoodsandnegotiatinginBerlin’sblackmarket (around1946) 141 4.7 DistributionsystemforRasnocigarettes 155 4.8 Occupationgroupsofmaleblackmarketeers,SuperiorCourt ofJustice,1949–1952 171 4.9 Occupationgroupsoffemaleblackmarketeers,SuperiorCourt ofJustice,1949–1952 172 4.10 Dresscodesandtypicalposturesintheblackmarket,Berlin 1948 183 4.11 ChildrensellingcigarettesontheblackmarketinSchöneberg, 1948 184 Acknowledgments Thisbookmayhaveoneauthor,butitcertainlyalsohasmanyfacilitators.Iwould like to thank Hartmut Berghoff and Uwe Spiekermann of the German His- torical Institute, Washington, DC, who kindly accepted this book into their Worlds of Consumption series. Hans-Peter Ullmann tremendously supported me asIlaunchedintomyresearchand,togetherwithMargitSzöllösi-Janze,reviewed theoriginalGermanmanuscript.Thatmanuscript,however,wouldneitherexist nor have been able to see the light of day without the generous support of the FritzThyssenFoundation.MythanksalsogototheGermanHistoricalInstitute inLondonandtheSchmoeldersFoundationformuchneededassistanceduring thefinalwritingstage—themostcriticalforanyresearchproject. IamindebtedtoDanutaKneipp,AnnelieRamsbrock,FelizitasSchaub,Molly Loberg, and Thomas Mergel for their help and steady encouragement. I would furthermore like to thank Jeffrey Verhey for taking on the challenge of trans- lating the sometimes awkwardly academic German text into readable English. Mark Stoneman and Patricia Sutcliffe superbly edited the English text. Barbara SchaecheoftheLandesarchivBerlinprovedtobethemosthelpfulandgenerous archivistIhadtheprivilegeofworkingwith.Thankstoyouall.
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