Berkowitz's pediatrics : a primary care approach

1068 Pages·2014·36.639 MB·English

by  Berkowitz, Carol D.

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A PRIMARY CARE APPROACH, 5th Edition z
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Edited by Carol D. Berkowitz, MD, FAAP

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Selected as a Doody’s Core Title! NEW in the 5th Edition! e
“This is an excellent reference that should be on the bookshelf The completely updated Berkowitz’s Pediatrics features new and d
of any medical student interested in pediatrics, pediatric expanded chapters on i
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resident, or pediatrician. It provides basic information (cid:127) E-medicine
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in a quick and easy to use format.” (cid:127) Autoimmune connective tissue diseases r
(cid:127) Hospital medicine i
—Doody’s Book Reviews™ (of 4th edition)
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(cid:127) Surgical approach to acute abdominal pain
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(cid:127) Simulation in pediatric health care
(cid:127) What symptoms should you check for? :
(cid:127) Palpitations
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(cid:127) What diagnoses should you consider?
(cid:127) What tests should you order?
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(cid:127) What is your best management strategy? Consistent problem-solving format
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Each clinical chapter walks you through
Look here fi rst when you need on-target i
(cid:127) Epidemiology (cid:127) Evaluation m
answers fast!
(cid:127) Clinical presentation (cid:127) Management
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Berkowitz’s Pediatrics is custom-built for confi dent, effi cient primary (cid:127) Pathophysiology (cid:127) Prognosis
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care problem-solving. Th e revised and expanded fi fth edition provides (cid:127) Diff erential diagnosis
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clear, concise guidance on all the issues—clinical and psychosocial—

you’re most likely to encounter. Th is new fi fth edition brings you state-of-the-art expertise and C
Here is practical, hands-on help on everything from concerns like insight by Carol D. Berkowitz, MD, FAAP, past president of the a
temper tantrums, thumb sucking, and tattoos to devastating condi- American Academy of Pediatrics. She is currently executive vice chair r
A P R I M A R Y C A R E A P P R O A C H
tions like HIV, childhood cancer, kidney disease, and diabetes. in the Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and e
distinguished professor of clinical pediatrics at the David Geff en School
Quick and easy access to state-of-the-art A
of Medicine at UCLA.
pediatric primary care… p 5th Edition
For other pediatric resources, visit the American Academy of
(cid:127) Outcome-centric focus— Chapters open with a case presentation p
Pediatrics Bookstore at www.aap.org/bookstore.
and list of focal questions and close with the case resolution. r
(cid:127) Ready-reference organization—Disease/disorder signs and o
symptoms are grouped by body system for fast lookup. a
(cid:127) Superb color fi gures—Illustrated clinical presentations and treat- c Carol D. Berkowitz, MD, FAAP
ment procedures. h
(cid:127) Expert recommendations—Edited by a leading primary care
authority, with contributions from top-tier practitioners.
(cid:127) Valuable guidance on psychosocial issues
— Behavioral concerns: sleep disturbances, colic, toilet training,
crying, enuresis, discipline, self-esteem, and more
— Health maintenance: health promotion, well-child care, illness
and injury prevention, nutrition, newborn screening, develop-
mental surveillance, and more
— “People skills”: talking with parents, children, and adolescents;
encouraging family and community participation; and more
AAP
B E r k o w i t z ’ s
Pediatrics
A P R I M A R Y C A R E A P P R O A C H
5th Edition
Carol D. Berkowitz, MD, FAAP
Distinguished Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at
University of California Los Angeles
Executive Vice Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA
American Academy of Pediatrics
141 Northwest Point Blvd
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1019
Berkowitz_FM_i-xviii.indd 1 5/19/14 9:45 AM
American Academy of Pediatrics Department of Marketing and Publications Staff
Maureen DeRosa, MPA
Director, Department of Marketing and Publications
Mark Grimes
Director, Division of Product Development
Alain Park
Senior Product Development Editor
Carrie Peters
Editorial Assistant
Sandi King, MS
Director, Division of Publishing and Production Services
Theresa Wiener
Manager, Publications Production and Manufacturing
Jason Crase
Manager, Editorial Services
Houston Adams
Digital Content and Production Specialist
Julia Lee
Director, Division of Marketing and Sales
Linda Smessaert
Brand Manager, Clinical and Professional Publications
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013949728
ISBN: 978-1-58110-846-0
eISBN: 978-1-58110-851-4
MA0699
The recommendations in this publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of care. Variations, taking into account
individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
Brand names are furnished for identification purposes only. No endorsement of the manufacturers or products mentioned is implied.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the drug selection and dosages set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and
practice at the time of publication. It is the responsibility of the health care professional to check the package insert of each drug for any change in indications
and dosages and for added warnings and precautions.
The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright holders for borrowed material. If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be pleased to
make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Berkowitz’s Pediatrics: A Primary Care Approach, 5th Edition
Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information retrieval system, without written permission from the Publisher
(e-mail permissions editor at [email protected]).
Copyright © 2000, 1996 W.B. Saunders Company
Printed in the United States of America.
9-347/0614
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Preface
The expansion of immunizations has reduced or eliminated many of the infectious diseases that confronted the children
and adolescents for whom pediatric clinicians cared. New and more challenging morbidities, including obesity, violence,
and mental health concerns, confront pediatric patients, their families, and their health care professionals. This fifth edition
of Berkowitz’s Pediatrics: A Primary Care Approach examines a series of emerging entities that pediatricians are expected
to be knowledgeable about and able to address. The edition also updates information about the ever-changing health care
scene. Because we interface with other disciplines and are increasingly working as members of health care teams, we must be
equipped to understand the principles of their practices and communicate effectively with them. And lastly, our multicultural
society includes children from all parts of the world and from all kinds of families, and we need to be prepared to address
their needs.
My thanks to all the contributors and to the staff of the American Academy of Pediatrics, especially Alain Park, Jason
Crase, Carrie Peters, Linda Smessaert, and Theresa Wiener, and my assistant, Claudette Hoskins, for all their help.
Carol D. Berkowitz
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Berkowitz_FM_i-xviii.indd 4 5/19/14 9:45 AM
Contributors
Sudhir K. Anand, MD Carol D. Berkowitz, MD
Emeritus Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Distinguished Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Chief, Division of Pediatric Nephrology Executive Vice Chair, Department of Pediatrics
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA Torrance, CA
David Atkinson, MD Karen C. Bodnar, MD, IBCLC
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Division of Pediatric Cardiology Torrance, CA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Emily Borman-Shoap, MD
Torrance, CA
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Sarah J. Atunah-Jay, MD, MPH Pediatric Residency Program Director
T32 Research Fellow, Division of Medicine University of Minnesota
The Warren Alpert School of Medicine Minneapolis, MN
Brown University
Iris Wagman Borowsky, MD, PhD
Providence, RI
Associate Professor and Director
Justine Bacchetta, MD, PhD Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health
Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles University of Minnesota
Los Angeles, CA Minneapolis, MN
Andrew J. Barnes, MD, MPH Calla R. Brown, MD
Assistant Professor of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Resident, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics
Division of Academic General Pediatrics University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis, MN
Casey Buitenhuys, MD
Lindsay S. Baron, MD Clinical Instructor of Medicine
Attending Physician, Pediatric and General Radiology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Lowell General Hospital Fellow, Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Lowell, MA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA
Maneesh Batra, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics David B. Burbulys, MD
University of Washington School of Medicine Professor of Medicine
Seattle, WA David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Associate Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program
Andrew K. Battenberg, MD
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Torrance, CA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA
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VI contributors
Jonnie Burton-Mota, MD Nima Eftekhary, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Resident Physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center New York, NY
Torrance, CA
Melissa K. Egge, MD
Kelly Callahan, MD, MPT Santa Clara Valley Medical Center
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics San Jose, CA
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
W. Suzanne Eidson-Ton, MD, MS
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor of Family and
Torrance, CA
Community Medicine
Gangadarshni Chandramohan, MD, MS University of California Davis School of Medicine
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Sacramento, CA
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Nwando Eze, MD
Division of Pediatric Nephrology
Department of Pediatrics
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Orange, CA
Torrance, CA
Andrea Fang, MD
Grant P. Christman, MD
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellow and Health Sciences
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Clinical Instructor
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Division of Hospital Medicine
Torrance, CA
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Noah Craft, MD, PhD
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute
Vice Chair and Chief, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Torrance, CA
Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine and EMS Fellowships
Medicine-Pediatrics Resident
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
University of Minnesota
Torrance, CA
Minneapolis, MN
George Gershman, MD
Catherine A. DeRidder, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California
Chief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department
Los Angeles County & University of Southern California Medical Center
of Pediatrics
Los Angeles, CA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Alejandro Diaz, MD Torrance, CA
La Maestra Community Health Centers
Rick Goldstein, MD
San Diego, CA
Attending Physician in Pediatric Palliative Care
Sabrina D. Diaz, MA, MMFT Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Boston Children’s Hospital
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Harvard Medical School
Torrance, CA Boston, MA
Steven Donohoe, BS Geeta Grover, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrician
Los Angeles, CA The Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Santa Ana, CA
Robin Winkler Doroshow, MD, MMS, MEd
Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Irvine College of Medicine
Pediatric Cardiologist
University of California, Irvine
Children’s National Medical Center
Irvine, CA
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Director, Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Georgetown University Hospital
Washington, DC
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contributors VII
H. Mollie Greves Grow, MD, MPH Elaine S. Kamil, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Health Sciences Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Research Faculty Director, Pediatric Nephrology
Seattle Children’s Research Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, CA
Mark Hanudel, MD
Pediatric Nephrology Khalid M. Khan, MD
UCLA Medical Center Department of Pediatrics
Los Angeles, CA Georgetown University Medical Center
Washington, DC
Thomas R. Hawn, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Medicine Jane S. Kim, MD
Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Assistant Professor, Pediatric Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
Seattle, WA University of Maryland Medical Center
Baltimore, MD
Kenneth R. Huff, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology Kenny Yat-Choi Kwong, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Chief, Division of Allergy-Immunology
Chief, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Department of Pediatrics
Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA
Lynn Hunt, MD
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Kathy K. Langevin, MD, MPH
University of California, Irvine Assistant Clinical Professor, Dermatology
Santa Ana, CA David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA
Stanley H. Inkelis, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Joseph L. Lasky III, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Clinical Associate Professor, Pediatrics and Neurosurgery
Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Chief, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center/Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute
Torrance, CA
Walter Jimenez, MD
Institute for Cancer Care Steve L. Lee, MD
Mercy Medical Center Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics
Baltimore, MD David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Chief of Pediatric Surgery
Jesse Joad, MD, MS
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Professor of Pediatrics
Torrance, CA
Associate Dean Diversity and Faculty Life Emerita
University of California, Davis Charlotte W. Lewis, MD, MPH
Davis, CA Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Divisions of General Pediatrics and Craniofacial Medicine
Doron D. Kahana, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor, Pediatric Dentistry
Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Seattle, WA
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Catherine S. Mao, MD
Torrance, CA Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Tom Kallay, MD
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center/Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Torrance, CA
Director, Simulation and Skills Center, Division of Pediatric Critical Care
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA
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VIII contributors
Kevin Madden, MD Joseph Ravera, MD
Fellow, Harvard Palliative Medicine Fellowship Program Fellow in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Boston Children’s Hospital Torrance, CA
Harvard Medical School
Nasser Redjal, MD
Boston, MA
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Allergy/Immunology
Deborah McCurdy, MD David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Professor, Department of Pediatrics Director, Allergy/Immunology Managed Care
Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Torrance, CA
Los Angeles, CA
Katherine E. Remick, MD
ChrisAnna M. Mink, MD Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Fellow, Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Department of Pediatrics Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance, CA
Torrance, CA
Teresa Rosales, MD
Julie E. Noble, MD Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Jules Stein Eye Institute
Director, Pediatric Managed Care Pediatric Ophthalmologist, Private Practice
Director, Low Risk Nursery Long Beach, CA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Timothy K. Ruttan, MD
Torrance, CA
Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas
Suzinne Pak-Gorstein, MD, PhD, MPH Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern at Austin
University of Washington School of Medicine Austin, TX
Codirector, Global Health Pathways
Isidro B. Salusky, MD
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Professor of Pediatrics
Seattle, WA
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Eduard H. Panosyan, MD Director, Pediatric Dialysis Program
Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Program Director, General Clinical Research Center
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles University of California Los Angeles
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Los Angeles, CA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Nefthi Sandeep, MD
Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute
Fellow, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics
Torrance, CA
Children’s National Medical Center
Miriam F. Parsa, MD, MPH Washington, DC
Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Research Fellow
Rheumatology National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles National Institutes of Health
Los Angeles, CA Bethesda, MD
Bonnie R. Rachman, MD Lucinda S. Santos, MHA
Professor of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Torrance, CA
Division of Pediatric Critical Care
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA
Christian B. Ramers, MD, MPH
Assistant Medical Director, Research /Special Populations
Family Health Centers of San Diego
San Diego, CA
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contributors Ix
Eric R. Schmitt, MD, MPH Sara T. Stewart, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor of Pediatrics
University of California, San Francisco, Fresno Medical David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Education Program Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine Torrance, CA
Community Regional Medical Center
Benjamin H. Taragin, MD
Fresno, CA
Associate Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine
Director, Pediatric Radiology
Children’s Hospital of Central California
Division of Radiology
Madera, CA
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Erica Sibinga, MD, MHS Montefiore Medical Center of The Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Bronx, NY
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Alan Tomines, MD
Baltimore, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Health Services
Monica Sifuentes, MD David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Associate Program Director, Vice Chair of Education, Department Torrance, CA
of Pediatrics
Hendry Ton, MD, MS
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and
Torrance, CA
Behavioral Sciences
Lynne M. Smith, MD University of California Davis School of Medicine
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Davis, CA
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Derek Wong, MD
Vice Chair for Academy Affairs, Department of Pediatrics, Division
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
of Neonatology
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Division of Medical Genetics
Torrance, CA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Blanca Solis, MD Torrance, CA
Associate Physician
Jennifer K. Yee, MD
Primary Care Network
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of California, Davis
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Davis, CA
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology
Robin Steinberg-Epstein, MD Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Director of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics and Clinical Torrance, CA
Professor of Pediatrics
Ki-Young Yoo, MD
University of California, Irvine School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital
Assistant Clinical Professor, Division of Dermatology, Department
of Orange County
of Medicine
Developmental Behavioral Pediatrician
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
For OC Kids Neurodevelopmental Center
Los Angeles, CA
Kenneth W. Steinhoff, MD
Kelly D. Young, MD, MS
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Child Psychiatrist
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of California, Irvine
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Irvine, CA
Torrance, CA
Miriam T. Stewart, BA
David P. Zamorano, MD
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Baltimore, MD
California School of Medicine, Irvine
Irvine, CA
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