Beneficial Microorganisms in Agriculture

356 Pages·2012·2.64 MB·English

Beneficial Microorganisms in Agriculture,
Food and the Environment: Safety Assessment and Regulation
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Beneficial Microorganisms in Agriculture,
Food and the Environment: Safety
Assessment and Regulation
Edited by
Ingvar Sundh
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter,
Department of Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
Andrea Wilcks
CBRN-institute, Danish Emergency Management Agency, Birkerød,
Denmark
and
Mark S. Goettel
Formerly of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre,
Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, food and the environment : safety
assessment and regulation/edited by Ingvar Sundh, Andrea Wilcks,
Mark S. Goettel.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-810-9 (alk. paper)
I. Sundh, Ingvar. II. Wilcks, Andrea. III. Goettel, Mark S. (Mark Stanislaw),
1954-[DNLM: 1. Environmental Microbiology. 2. Food Safety--methods. 3.
Models, Immunological. QW 55]
363.19‘26--dc23
2012016959
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 810 9
Commissioning editor: Claire Parfitt
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Shankari Wilford
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.
Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Microbes and the Law – Safety Assessment and Regulation of Beneficial
Microorganisms 1
Ingvar Sundh, Andrea Wilcks and Mark S. Goettel
PART I: FOOD AND FEED
2 Safety and Regulation of Microorganisms Added to the Food
and Feed Chains, Including Probiotics – Introduction and Overview 12
Stephen Wessels
3 Microbes for Human and Animal Consumption 27
Atte von Wright
4 Antibiotic Resistance in Relation to Starter Cultures and Probiotics 41
Andrea Wilcks and Angela H.A.M. van Hoek
5 Biopreservation of Food and Feed by Postharvest Biocontrol
with Microorganisms 57
Michael Wisniewski and Samir Droby
PART II: PEST CONTROL AGENTS AND PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS
6 Safety and Regulation of Microbial Pest Control Agents
and Microbial Plant Growth Promoters – Introduction and Overview 67
Rüdiger Hauschild
7 Microbial Control of Invertebrate Pests 72
Stefan T. Jaronski
8 Microbial Control of Plant Diseases 96
Claude Alabouvette, Ulf Heilig and Christelle Cordier
v
vi Contents
9 Safety and Regulation of Microbial Control of Weeds 112
Harry C. Evans and Marion K. Seier
10 Plant Growth Promotion with Microorganisms 138
John G. Howieson and Sharon L. Fox
PART III: OTHER INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
11 Regulation of Microorganisms Used for Bioremediation, Biorefinery
and Other Bioindustrial Applications in the USA and Canada 153
Jim Louter, John J. Sedivy and Mark Segal
PART IV: EVALUATING SAFETY
12 Determining the Safety of Microorganisms – Introduction
and Overview 167
Hans E.N. Bergmans
13 Virulence Genes in Risk Assessment of Beneficial Microorganisms:
What Do Genome Sequences Tell Us? 180
Trudy M. Wassenaar and Thomas Alter
14 Occupational Safety of Microbial Agents 197
Anne Mette Madsen and Kira Tendal
PART V: MODEL TEST SYSTEMS
15 Model Systems for Testing Microbial Pathogenicity, Virulence and Toxicity –
Introduction and Overview 217
Andrea Wilcks, Mark S. Goettel and Ingvar Sundh
16 Nematode and Insect Models to Assay Microbial Infectivity,
Virulence and Cytotoxicity 223
C. Léopold Kurz and François Leulier
17 Assessing Potential Cytotoxicity of Biocontrol Microorganisms Using
Invertebrate Assays 240
Claudio Altomare, Barbara Pernfuss and Hermann Strasser
18 Assessing Genotoxic Effects of Microbial Products 256
Milton A. Typas and Vassili N. Kouvelis
19 Assessing the Sensitization and Irritant Properties
of Microorganisms 275
Gregorio Loprieno
PART VI: INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION AND RISK PERCEPTION
20 International Conventions and Agreements – Consequences for
International Trade and Utilization of Biological Matter,
Including Microorganisms 293
Carl-Gustaf Thornström
Contents vii
21 OECD Guidelines and Harmonization for Microbial Control Agents 308
Jeroen J. Meeussen
22 Understanding Public Risk Perception for the Use of Beneficial
Microorganisms 322
Keith D. Warner
Index 335
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Contributors
Claude Alabouvette, AGRENE, 47 rue Constant Pierrot, F-21000 Dijon, France. E-mail: c.ala@
agrene.fr
Thomas Alter, Institute of Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Koenigsweg 69, D-14163
Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Claudio Altomare, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR),
Via G. Amendola 122, I-70126 Bari, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Hans E.N. Bergmans, Substances Expertise Center, National Institute for Public Health and
the Environment (RIVM), GMO Office, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. E-mail: hans.bergmans@
rivm.nl
Christelle Cordier, AGRENE, 47 rue Constant Pierrot, F-21000 Dijon, France. E-mail: christelle.
[email protected]
Samir Droby, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research
Organization (ARO), PO Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel. E-mail: [email protected]
Harry C. Evans, CAB International, Europe–UK, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK. E-mail:
[email protected]
Sharon L. Fox, Crops and Plants Research Institute (CaPRI), Division of Science, Murdoch
University, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Mark S. Goettel, formerly of Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
5403-1 Avenue South, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. E-mail: bstedit@ telusplanet.
net
Rüdiger Hauschild, GAB Consulting GmbH, Hinter den Höfen 24, D-21769 Lamstedt, Germany.
E-mail: [email protected]
Ulf Heilig, Consultant, 6 rue de Seine, F-78230 Le Pecq, France. E-mail: [email protected]
John G. Howieson, Crops and Plants Research Institute (CaPRI), Division of Science, Murdoch
University, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Stefan T. Jaronski, Northern Plains Research Laboratory (NPARL), United States Department
of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 1500 Central Ave., Sidney, MT
59270, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Vassili N. Kouvelis, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University
of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece. E-mail: [email protected]
C. Léopold Kurz, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée,
Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. E-mail: [email protected]
ix