Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence PDF
Preview Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Also by Max Tegmark Our Mathematical Universe This Is a Borzoi Book Published by Alfred A. Knopf Copyright © 2017 by Max Tegmark All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, New York, and distributed in Canada by Random House of Canada, a division of Penguin Random House Canada Limited, Toronto. www.aaknopf.com Knopf, Borzoi Books and the colophon are registered trademarks of Penguin Random House LLC. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tegmark, Max, author. Title: Life 3.0 : being human in the age of artificial intelligence / by Max Tegmark. Other titles: Life three point zero Description: New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2017. | “This is a Borzoi Book published by Alfred A. Knopf.” | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017006248 (print) | LCCN 2017022912 (ebook) | ISBN 9781101946596 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781101946602 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Artificial intelligence—Philosophy. | Artificial intelligence—Social aspects. | Automation —Social aspects. | Artificial intelligence—Moral and ethical aspects. | Automation—Moral and ethical aspects. | Artificial intelligence—Philosophy. | Technological forecasting. | BISAC: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Robotics. | SCIENCE / Experiments & Projects. | TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Inventions. Classification: LCC Q334.7 (ebook) | LCC Q334.7 .T44 2017 (print) | DDC 006.301—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017006248 Ebook ISBN 9781101946602 Cover art by Suvadip Das; (man) based on Netfalls Remy Musser/Shutterstock Cover design by John Vorhees v4.1 ep Contents Cover Also by Max Tegmark Title Page Copyright Dedication Acknowledgments Prelude: The Tale of the Omega Team 1 Welcome to the Most Important Conversation of Our Time A Brief History of Complexity The Three Stages of Life Controversies Misconceptions The Road Ahead 2 Matter Turns Intelligent What Is Intelligence? What Is Memory? What Is Computation? What Is Learning? 3 The Near Future: Breakthroughs, Bugs, Laws, Weapons and Jobs Breakthroughs Bugs vs. Robust AI Laws Weapons Jobs and Wages Human-Level Intelligence? 4 Intelligence Explosion? Totalitarianism Prometheus Takes Over the World Slow Takeoff and Multipolar Scenarios Cyborgs and Uploads What Will Actually Happen? 5 Aftermath: The Next 10,000 Years Libertarian Utopia Benevolent Dictator Egalitarian Utopia Gatekeeper Protector God Enslaved God Conquerors Descendants Zookeeper 1984 Reversion Self-Destruction What Do You Want? 6 Our Cosmic Endowment: The Next Billion Years and Beyond Making the Most of Your Resources Gaining Resources Through Cosmic Settlement Cosmic Hierarchies Outlook 7 Goals Physics: The Origin of Goals Biology: The Evolution of Goals Psychology: The Pursuit of and Rebellion Against Goals Engineering: Outsourcing Goals Friendly AI: Aligning Goals Ethics: Choosing Goals Ultimate Goals? 8 Consciousness Who Cares? What Is Consciousness? What’s the Problem? Is Consciousness Beyond Science? Experimental Clues About Consciousness Theories of Consciousness Controversies of Consciousness How Might AI Consciousness Feel? Meaning Epilogue: The Tale of the FLI Team Notes To the FLI team, who made everything possible Acknowledgments I’m truly grateful to everyone who has encouraged and helped me write this book, including my family, friends, teachers, colleagues and collaborators for support and inspiration over the years, Mom for kindling my curiosity about consciousness and meaning, Dad for the fighting spirit to make the world a better place, my sons, Philip and Alexander, for demonstrating the wonders of human-level intelligence emerging, all the science and technology enthusiasts around the world who’ve contacted me over the years with questions, comments and encouragement to pursue and publish my ideas, my agent, John Brockman, for twisting my arm until I agreed to write this book, Bob Penna, Jesse Thaler and Jeremy England for helpful discussions about quasars, sphalerons and thermodynamics, respectively, those who gave me feedback on parts of the manuscript, including Mom, my brother Per, Luisa Bahet, Rob Bensinger, Katerina Bergström, Erik Brynjolfsson, Daniela Chita, David Chalmers, Nima Deghani, Henry Lin, Elin Malmsköld, Toby Ord, Jeremy Owen, Lucas Perry, Anthony Romero, Nate Soares and Jaan Tallinn, the superheroes who commented on drafts of the entire book, namely Meia, Dad, Anthony Aguirre, Paul Almond, Matthew Graves, Phillip Helbig, Richard Mallah, David Marble, Howard Messing, Luiño Seoane, Marin Soljačić, my editor Dan Frank and, most of all, Meia, my beloved muse and fellow traveler, for her eternal encouragement, support and inspiration, without which this book wouldn’t exist.
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