behaviour and modelling of the inelastic response of concrete and steel-concrete infrastructures

217 Pages·2016·21.57 MB·English

University of Trento
Manuel Fassin (Ph.D. Student)
BEHAVIOUR AND MODELLING OF THE
INELASTIC RESPONSE OF CONCRETE
AND STEEL-CONCRETE
INFRASTRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO
LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE
Prof. Oreste S. Bursi (Tutor)
April, 2016
UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO
Doctorate in Engineering of Civil and Mechanical
Structural Systems
Cycle: XXVIII
Head of the Doctoral School: Prof. Paolo Scardi
Final Examination: 21 / 04 / 2016
Board of examiners:
Prof. Bozidar Stojadinovic (ETH, Zürich)
Prof. Alexander B. Movchan (University of Liverpool)
Prof. Daniele Zonta (University of Trento)
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, infrastructures are of strategical importance for allowing com-
munication between countries. Owing to its usefulness, the design and the
maintenance ofbridges, streetsand tunnels,whichrepresentthenetwork,be-
comeafundamentalissue.
Inordertoinvestigatethebehaviourofinfrastructuresunderdifferentloads,
suchas gravity, seismic phenomena, thermal differences, and soon, appears
essential a comprehensive experimental campaign on scaled and full-scale
specimens. In particular, in order to guarantee the safety of citizens, the seis-
micresponseofinfrastructuresunderanearthquakerequiresacarefulevalua-
tionofthelevelofdamageofstructuralelements.
Inthisthesis,typicalcasestudiesareconsidered,suchasaconcretetunnel
liningandacompositesteel-concretebridge.
In the first part of the thesis, a typical concrete tunnel lining is analysed.
Inordertoinvestigatetheinelasticbehaviourofaconcretecirculartunnel,sev-
eraltestswereperformed. Ingreaterdetail,thebestFiberBraggGrating(FBG)
packageconfigurationwasobtainedbymeansofmonotonicandcyclictestson
substructures. Basedontheseresults,theresultingsuitableconfigurationina
full-scale tunnel test was used to measure deformations with high accuracy.
Cyclic teston the full-scale tunnel provided data on the damage of reinforcing
concrete and the developing of plastic hinges. With the aim of providing infor-
mationonthestructuralsafetyofatunnelafteranearthquake,adamageindex
wascalculated. Inthis respect,a nonlinear fiber F.E.model inthe OpenSEES
environmental was developed. This model calculated the stress in terms of
bending moment in concretesections with theuseof experimental curvatures
measuredby FBGs system. Finally, the damage evolutionin the concretetun-
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nelwasreportedandcommented.
Inthesecondpartofthis thesis,acompositesteel-concreteshort-medium
spanbridgeistreated. TheinnovationwastheapplicationofthePEERPerformance-
Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) to this type of bridge. Moreover, the
use of the Hot-rolled (HRS) steel to manufacture I-girder beams has become
aninnovationincivilinfrastructuresinEurope,asmuchastheuseoftransver-
salconcretecross-beams(CCBs)toconnectspans. Withreferencetothehaz-
ardselected,asuitablecasestudywaschosen. Withtheaimofunderstanding
the mostcritical and stressedparts of the casestudy,preliminary elastic shell
and stick models were developed. After the identification of interesting parts,
half-scale subassembly specimens were designed and built. Several quasi-
static tests, both monotonic and cyclic, were carried out with the objective of
exploringglobalandlocalmechanismsinthesectionowingtolow-cyclefatigue
phenomena. Todetectdamageintheconnectiondetail,arefinedF.E.modelin
ABAQUS was developed. Fragility curve parameters of the damage’s interest
quantities were obtained by fitting experimental and numerical data by means
of theMaximum Likelihood Estimation method. Theresultsand thenumerical
modelcouldbereadyfortheapplicationofthePerformance-BasedEarthquake
Engineering tool, in which decision variables, such as repair costs, downtime,
human lifelossandlaneclosures,weretakenintoconsideration inordertoin-
creasetheconfidenceinthedesignforbothengineer andowner’sviewpoint.
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ACKNOLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my gratitude to my tutor Professor Oreste Salva-
toreBursiforhisavailability,experienceandtechnicalcompetencewhichhave
driven me during the Ph.D. carrier. It has been as harsh as formative experi-
enceformytraining.
IwouldliketoexpressalsomygratitudetoProfessorFabrizioPaolacciand
all partners of the SEQBRI project for the opportunity to work together in an
Europeanprojectofmajorimportance.
I would like to expressmy appreciation to Dr. Gabriele Zanon, Dr. Alessio
Bonelli, and Dr. Nicola Tondini. I learned something from each of you, I am
verygratefulforthis. Moreover,specialthanksgototheTechniciansIvanBran-
dolise and Tiziano Dalla Torre which have helped me during the experimental
campaign,andtotheDraft-manEnricoCeolan,forhissupportwithdrawings.
IwouldliketothankEng. EnricoCazzadorandEng. AndreaMorbioli,which
havesharedtheofficeandtheworkwithmeduringtheseyears.
IwouldliketothankallmyfriendsknowninTrentoandbeyond,withwhomI
havesharedjoysandsorrows. Inparticular,Iwonttorememberthegoodtime
spent together with Aaron, Alessandro, Andrea, Beatrice, Chiara, Cristiano,
Dario, Diego, Dominic, Eleonora, Elia, Enrico, Federico, Fernando, Giuseppe,
Irena, Luca, Mattia, Nicola, Paolo, Paolo Alberto, Stefania, Steven, Veronica,
Walterandmanyothers.
Iwouldlike toexpressmanythanksmymotherDaniela, myfather Claudio,
and my sister Martina for all their generous love during these years. Without
yourpatienceandsupportthismilestonewouldnotbepossible.
Finally,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthanktomygirlfriend Costanza,
whichsupportmeanytimewithpatienceandlove.
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PUBLICATIONS
AsaresultoftheworkconductedinthisthesisandduringthePh.D.career,
thefollowingpublications havebeenproduced:
Journalpublications
• Tondini, N., Bursi, O.S., Bonelli, A. and FASSIN, M., 2015. ”Capabilities
ofaFBGsensorsystemtomonitortheinelasticresponseofconcretesec-
tions in new tunnel linings subjected to earthquake loading”, Computer-
Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Guest Editors: Bursi, O.S.,
Feng,M.Q.andWu,Z.2014,Vol. 30,No. 8.
• Bursi, O.S., Tondini, N., FASSIN, M. and Bonelli A., 2015. ”Structural
Monitoring for the Cyclic Behaviour of Concrete Tunnel Lining Sections
UsingFBGSensors”,StructuralControlandHealthMonitoring,
DOI:10.1002/stc.1807.
• Bursi, O.S., Cazzador, E., FASSIN, M., Paolacci, F. and Silvia, A. 2016.
”Anovelcomponent-basedmodelofsteelI-girder-to-concretecrossbeam
connections for the seismic response of composite short-medium span
bridges”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, (to be sub-
mitted).
Conferences
• Tondini, N., Bursi, O.S., FASSIN, M. and Zanon, G., 2013. ”Seismic
behaviourofjointsmadeofhighstrengthsteeltubularcolumns”,inHSS-
SERF:Highstrengthsteelinseismicresistantstructures,Timisoara: Uni-
versitatea ”Politehnica” din Timisoara, In corso di stampa. Atti di: HSS-
SERF2013,Napoli,Italia,28-29Giugno.
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• Bursi, O.S., Zonta, D. and FASSIN, M., 2015. ”Towards Intelligent Civil
Infrastructure”, in 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical
Networks(ICTON),pp. 1-4,Budapest,Hungary,July5-9,DOI:10.1109
/ICTON.2015.7193408.
• Cazzador, E., FASSIN, M., Bursi, O.S., Paolacci, F. and Hechler, O.,
2015. ”PerformanceBased Earthquake Engineering applied to Compos-
iteBridgeswithshortandmediumspansandConcreteCrossBeams”,in
Proceedings of the 8thInternational Symposium on Steel Bridges: Inno-
vation&NewChallenges2015(SBIC-2015),Istanbul,Turkey,September
16-17
• FASSIN, M., Cazzador, E., Bursi, O.S. and Paolacci, F., 2015. ”An inno-
vative mechanical model for steel-concrete connections of bridges sub-
jected to earthquake loadings”, in XXV CONGRESSO C.T.A., Salerno,
Italia,1-3Ottobre.
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CONTENTS
1 Introduction 2
1.1 Objectiveofthethesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Organizationofthework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 TheMONICOandtheSEQBRIprojects 8
2.1 TheMONICOproject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 TheSEQBRIproject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 Designandverificationofthetunnelliningcasestudy 12
3.1 Seismicdesignofametrotunnellining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.1 Tunnelfeaturesandsoilcharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.2 Determinationofstresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 Testspecimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.1 Substructurespecimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.2 Full-scalespecimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3 Testprogrammeandloadprotocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3.1 Test typology applied to substructures and the full-scale
specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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4 Opticalfibersandtheirpackaging 26
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.1.1 TheoryoftheFBG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.2 Temperaturecompensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 FBGpackaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2.1 Fiberpackagesinsubstructuretests . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2.2 Fiberpackagesinthefull-scaletest . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5 Experimentalcampaigntestresultsanddamageevaluation 42
5.1 Testresultsonsubstructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.2 Full-scaletunnelringtestresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3 Damageindexanddamageevaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6 DesignandverificationoftheBridgeCaseStudy 56
6.1 DefinitionanddescriptionofthecasestudyCS#2.1.1 . . . . . . 56
6.2 3DFEmodelandpreliminaryanalysisofthebridge . . . . . . . 57
6.3 Design and verification of the CCB detail to static and seismic
loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.3.1 StandardsonthedesignoftheCCBjointsolution . . . . 62
6.3.2 DescriptionofinnovativeSCCS-CCBsolutions . . . . . . 63
6.3.2.1 Cross-beamconfiguration: DINFB104Var. C . 65
6.3.2.2 Cross-beamconfiguration: DOMI1 . . . . . . . . 65
6.3.2.3 Cross-beamconfiguration: DOMI2 . . . . . . . . 67
6.3.3 ProceduretodesignandverifytheCCBdetail . . . . . . 67
6.3.4 ULS static verification of the DIN FB 104 Var. C cross-
beamconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
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